{
 "schema": "nexus.records/v1",
 "network": "The Kurdish Cooperation Organization",
 "kind": "event",
 "label": "Chronology entry",
 "schemaOrg": "Event",
 "built": "2026-11-11T23:10:41.259Z",
 "count": 34,
 "note": "Every value keeps its measure, year, source and label; unknown is shown as unknown and never as 0. Figures of different measures are never added.",
 "items": [
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "gobekli-tepe",
   "title": "Göbekli Tepe",
   "summary": "Monumental enclosures near Urfa: deep human heritage of the lands where Kurds live today.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/gobekli-tepe/",
   "year": -9500,
   "tags": [
    "Deep history",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "9500 BCE (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Deep history"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "jarmo",
   "title": "Jarmo",
   "summary": "One of the earliest farming villages, in the foothills of the Zagros.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/jarmo/",
   "year": -7000,
   "tags": [
    "Deep history",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "7000 BCE (c.)"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Deep history"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "carduchoi",
   "title": "Xenophon meets the Carduchoi",
   "summary": "The Anabasis describes the mountain people of the Carduchoi, often linked to Corduene.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/carduchoi/",
   "year": -401,
   "tags": [
    "Antiquity",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "401 BCE"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Antiquity"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "not recorded"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "hasanwayhids",
   "title": "Hasanwayhid dynasty",
   "summary": "Kurdish dynasty in the Zagros around Dinawar and Kermanshah.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/hasanwayhids/",
   "year": 959,
   "tags": [
    "Medieval dynasties",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRN"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "959"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Medieval dynasties"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRN"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "marwanids",
   "title": "Marwanid dynasty",
   "summary": "Kurdish dynasty of Diyarbakır (Amed) and Silvan, patrons of learning.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/marwanids/",
   "year": 990,
   "tags": [
    "Medieval dynasties",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "990"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Medieval dynasties"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "saladin-jerusalem",
   "title": "Saladin takes Jerusalem",
   "summary": "Salah al-Din, of a Kurdish family from Dvin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/saladin-jerusalem/",
   "year": 1187,
   "tags": [
    "Medieval dynasties",
    "needs-citation"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1187"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Medieval dynasties"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "not recorded"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "chaldiran",
   "title": "Battle of Chaldiran",
   "summary": "Ottoman victory over the Safavids begins the division of the Kurdish lands between two empires.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/chaldiran/",
   "year": 1514,
   "tags": [
    "Ottoman-Safavid partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRN"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1514"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ottoman-Safavid partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRN"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "sharafnama",
   "title": "The Sharafnama",
   "summary": "Sharaf Khan Bidlisi writes the first history of the Kurds, in Persian.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/sharafnama/",
   "year": 1597,
   "tags": [
    "Ottoman-Safavid partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1597"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ottoman-Safavid partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "zuhab",
   "title": "Treaty of Zuhab",
   "summary": "Fixes the Ottoman-Safavid frontier across the Kurdish lands.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/zuhab/",
   "year": 1639,
   "tags": [
    "Ottoman-Safavid partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRN"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1639"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ottoman-Safavid partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRN"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "mem-u-zin",
   "title": "Ehmedê Xanî's Mem û Zîn",
   "summary": "The Kurdish national epic, often read as a call for Kurdish unity.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/mem-u-zin/",
   "year": 1692,
   "tags": [
    "Ottoman-Safavid partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1692"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ottoman-Safavid partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "bohtan",
   "title": "End of the Bohtan emirate",
   "summary": "Ottoman centralisation defeats Bedir Khan Beg; the emirates are abolished.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/bohtan/",
   "year": 1847,
   "tags": [
    "Ottoman centralisation",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1847"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ottoman centralisation"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "kurdistan-newspaper",
   "title": "First Kurdish newspaper",
   "summary": "Kurdistan is published in Cairo on 22 April 1898; the date is now Kurdish Journalism Day.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/kurdistan-newspaper/",
   "year": 1898,
   "tags": [
    "Ottoman centralisation",
    "needs-citation",
    "EGY"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1898"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ottoman centralisation"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "EGY"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "genocides-1915",
   "title": "Armenian Genocide and the Sayfo",
   "summary": "Historians document that some Kurdish tribes took part in the killings while other Kurds sheltered victims; Kurdish political figures later acknowledged this and apologised.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/genocides-1915/",
   "year": 1915,
   "tags": [
    "Ottoman centralisation",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1915"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Ottoman centralisation"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "sevres",
   "title": "Treaty of Sèvres",
   "summary": "Articles 62 to 64 envisage Kurdish autonomy; never ratified.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/sevres/",
   "year": 1920,
   "tags": [
    "Partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "FRA"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1920"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "FRA"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "sheikh-mahmud",
   "title": "Sheikh Mahmud's kingdom",
   "summary": "A Kingdom of Kurdistan is declared in Sulaymaniyah and suppressed by British forces.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/sheikh-mahmud/",
   "year": 1922,
   "tags": [
    "Partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1922"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "lausanne",
   "title": "Treaty of Lausanne",
   "summary": "The Republic of Turkey is recognised without Kurdish provisions; the Kurdish lands are divided among four states.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/lausanne/",
   "year": 1923,
   "tags": [
    "Partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "CHE"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1923"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "CHE"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "sheikh-said",
   "title": "Sheikh Said rebellion",
   "summary": "Uprising in Turkey, followed by military suppression, deportations and policies that denied Kurdish identity, as historians document them.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/sheikh-said/",
   "year": 1925,
   "tags": [
    "Partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1925"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "hawar",
   "title": "Hawar journal and the Kurmanji Latin alphabet",
   "summary": "Celadet and Kamuran Bedirxan publish Hawar in Damascus; 15 May is now Kurdish Language Day.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/hawar/",
   "year": 1932,
   "tags": [
    "Partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "SYR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1932"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "SYR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "dersim",
   "title": "Dersim massacres and Soviet deportations",
   "summary": "Military operations in Dersim (1937 to 1938) kill thousands of civilians and deport many more, as documented by historians; the death toll is contested. In 1937 Kurds of the South Caucasus are deported to Central Asia.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/dersim/",
   "year": 1937,
   "tags": [
    "Partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1937"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "mahabad",
   "title": "Republic of Mahabad",
   "summary": "Proclaimed on 22 January 1946 under Qazi Muhammad; it falls within the year, and he is hanged in 1947.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/mahabad/",
   "year": 1946,
   "tags": [
    "Partition",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRN"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1946"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Partition"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRN"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "september-revolution",
   "title": "September Revolution in Iraq; labour migration to Germany",
   "summary": "Mustafa Barzani's uprising begins; the Turkey-West Germany recruitment agreement starts the labour migration.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/september-revolution/",
   "year": 1961,
   "tags": [
    "Cold War",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1961"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Cold War"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "hasakah-census",
   "title": "Hasakah census in Syria",
   "summary": "About 120,000 Kurds are stripped of citizenship.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/hasakah-census/",
   "year": 1962,
   "tags": [
    "Cold War",
    "needs-citation",
    "SYR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1962"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Cold War"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "SYR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "autonomy-1970",
   "title": "Iraqi-Kurdish autonomy agreement",
   "summary": "Signed on 11 March 1970; it collapses after the 1975 Algiers Agreement.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/autonomy-1970/",
   "year": 1970,
   "tags": [
    "Cold War",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1970"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Cold War"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "coup-1980",
   "title": "Military coup in Turkey",
   "summary": "Mass arrests, documented torture in Diyarbakır Prison, and a wave of political exiles to Europe.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/coup-1980/",
   "year": 1980,
   "tags": [
    "Cold War",
    "needs-citation",
    "TUR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1980"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Cold War"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "TUR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "anfal",
   "title": "Anfal campaign and Halabja",
   "summary": "Chemical weapons attack on Halabja on 16 March 1988, within the Anfal campaign (1986 to 1989) against Kurdish civilians; the Iraqi High Tribunal ruled Anfal a genocide in 2007.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/anfal/",
   "year": 1988,
   "tags": [
    "Cold War",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1988"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "Cold War"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "uprising-1991",
   "title": "Uprising and exodus",
   "summary": "About 1.5 million flee to Iran and Turkey; the safe haven leads to self-rule in the Kurdistan Region.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/uprising-1991/",
   "year": 1991,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "mykonos",
   "title": "Mykonos assassinations, Berlin",
   "summary": "Four Iranian Kurdish opposition figures are killed at the Mykonos restaurant in Berlin; a Berlin court's 1997 judgment attributed the order to Iran's leadership.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/mykonos/",
   "year": 1992,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "needs-citation",
    "DEU"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "1992"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "DEU"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "iraq-constitution",
   "title": "Iraqi constitution recognises the Kurdistan Region",
   "summary": "Kurdish becomes an official language of Iraq.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/iraq-constitution/",
   "year": 2005,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2005"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "yazidi-genocide",
   "title": "Yazidi genocide in Shingal",
   "summary": "Attack on Shingal (Sinjar) by an armed group on 3 August 2014: mass killings, abductions and enslavement; the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Syria found it a genocide (2016).",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/yazidi-genocide/",
   "year": 2014,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2014"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "referendum-2017",
   "title": "Kurdistan Region independence referendum",
   "summary": "Held on 25 September 2017; Iraqi federal forces take control of Kirkuk on 16 October.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/referendum-2017/",
   "year": 2017,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRQ"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2017"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRQ"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "jina-amini",
   "title": "Jina Amini and Jin, Jiyan, Azadî",
   "summary": "The death of Jina (Mahsa) Amini, a young Kurdish woman from Saqqez, after her arrest by Iran's morality police is followed by nationwide protests under the Kurdish slogan Jin, Jiyan, Azadî.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/jina-amini/",
   "year": 2022,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "needs-citation",
    "IRN"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2022"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "IRN"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "assad-falls",
   "title": "Fall of the Assad government",
   "summary": "8 December 2024; a new phase for Kurds in Syria.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/assad-falls/",
   "year": 2024,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "needs-citation",
    "SYR"
   ],
   "status": "needs-citation",
   "label": "to verify",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2024"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "SYR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "to verify"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "pkk-dissolution",
   "title": "An armed group announces its dissolution",
   "summary": "Reported on 12 May 2025, after a call by the group's founder of 27 February 2025; to verify against primary sources.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/pkk-dissolution/",
   "year": 2025,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "draft"
   ],
   "status": "draft",
   "label": "secondary",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2025"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "not recorded"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "secondary"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "kind": "event",
   "id": "syria-decree-2026",
   "title": "Syrian decree on Kurdish rights",
   "summary": "Reported in January 2026: citizenship restored to stateless Kurds and Kurdish recognised as a national language; to verify.",
   "url": "https://kurds.global/heritage/chronology/syria-decree-2026/",
   "year": 2026,
   "tags": [
    "After 1991",
    "draft",
    "SYR"
   ],
   "status": "draft",
   "label": "secondary",
   "fields": [
    {
     "k": "Year",
     "v": "2026"
    },
    {
     "k": "Era",
     "v": "After 1991"
    },
    {
     "k": "Places",
     "v": "SYR"
    },
    {
     "k": "Sources",
     "v": "none yet",
     "label": "secondary"
    }
   ],
   "links": [
    {
     "t": "Heritage",
     "u": "/heritage/"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}