{"id":109,"date":"2026-11-01T15:22:34","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T15:22:34","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:22:34","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/heritage\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Mehr\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" 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height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/\" data-area=\"heritage\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Kulturerbe<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Netzwerk\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Netzwerk\"><span>Netzwerk<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bereiche<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akademie<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Jedes Wissensgebiet, Kurse in allen kurdischen Variet\u00e4ten und Praxisgemeinschaften.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Kulturerbe<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Geschichte vom Zagros bis heute, Erinnerung, Glaubensgemeinschaften, K\u00fcnste, Literatur und K\u00fcche.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Sprache<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmandschi, Sorani, Zazaki, S\u00fcdkurdisch und Gorani, in jeder Schrift.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Forschung<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurdologie: die Beobachtungsstelle, Leselisten und neue Forschung.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Chancen<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Lebensgrundlagen, F\u00e4higkeiten, Stellen, Mentoring und Br\u00fccken zwischen Diaspora und Region.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Teilhabe<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Politische Bildung, Rechtskenntnis, Hilfe bei Staatenlosigkeit und Dialog.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Entwicklung<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Sozialprogramme, Lebensgrundlagen und Katastrophenvorsorge f\u00fcr kurdische Gemeinschaften.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Nachrichten und Termine<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurdische und regionale Nachrichten, jedes Medium gekennzeichnet, und der Kalender kurdischer Tage.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\">Startseite<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/country-programmes\/\">L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/areas\/\">Arbeitsbereiche<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/calendar\/\">Kalender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/the-community\/\">Kurdische Gemeinschaften<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"L\u00e4nderprogramme\"><span>L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p 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lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fa\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/tr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/az\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/hi\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ko\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a 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Ma\u00dfgeblich ist die englische Seite.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Brotkrumennavigation\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/\">Kulturerbe<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Zeitleiste<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Kulturerbe<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Zeitleiste<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Von der Fr\u00fchgeschichte von Zagros und Taurus bis heute. Markierte Daten sind ungef\u00e4hr.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header>\n<aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>Jedes Ereignis wird von fachkundigen Gutachtenden mit Quellen belegt und gepr\u00fcft. Umstrittene Geschichte zeigt jede Seite mit ihren Quellen.<\/p><\/aside>\n<figure class=\"pf-chrono\"><div class=\"pf-chrono__scroll\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1200 150\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Zeitleiste der folgenden Eintr\u00e4ge, nach Epoche\"><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"0\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-gobekli-tepe\" aria-label=\"9500 v. Chr.: G\u00f6bekli Tepe\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"10\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>9500 v. Chr.: G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jarmo\" aria-label=\"7000 v. Chr.: Jarmo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"140\" x2=\"140\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"140\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>7000 v. Chr.: Jarmo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"2\" y=\"130\">Fr\u00fchgeschichte<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"2\" y=\"144\">9500 v. Chr.<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"150\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-carduchoi\" aria-label=\"401 v. Chr.: Xenophon trifft auf die Karduchen\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"225\" x2=\"225\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"225\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>401 v. Chr.: Xenophon trifft auf die Karduchen<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"152\" y=\"130\">Antike<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"152\" y=\"144\">401 v. Chr.<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"300\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-hasanwayhids\" aria-label=\"959: Dynastie der Hasanwayhiden\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"310\" x2=\"310\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"310\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>959: Dynastie der Hasanwayhiden<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-marwanids\" aria-label=\"990: Dynastie der Marwaniden\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"327.7\" x2=\"327.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"327.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>990: Dynastie der Marwaniden<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-saladin-jerusalem\" aria-label=\"1187: Saladin erobert Jerusalem\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"440\" x2=\"440\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"440\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1187: Saladin erobert Jerusalem<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"302\" y=\"130\">Mittelalterliche Dynastien<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"302\" y=\"144\">959<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"450\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-chaldiran\" aria-label=\"1514: Schlacht bei Tschaldiran\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"460\" x2=\"460\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"460\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1514: Schlacht bei Tschaldiran<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sharafnama\" aria-label=\"1597: Die Scharafname\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"520.6\" x2=\"520.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"520.6\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1597: Die Scharafname<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-zuhab\" aria-label=\"1639: Vertrag von Zuhab\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"551.3\" x2=\"551.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"551.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1639: Vertrag von Zuhab<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mem-u-zin\" aria-label=\"1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een von Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"590\" x2=\"590\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"590\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een von Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"452\" y=\"130\">Osmanisch-safawidische Teilung<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"452\" y=\"144\">1514<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"600\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-bohtan\" aria-label=\"1847: Ende des Emirats Bohtan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"610\" x2=\"610\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"610\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1847: Ende des Emirats Bohtan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-kurdistan-newspaper\" aria-label=\"1898: Erste kurdische Zeitung\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"707.5\" x2=\"707.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"707.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1898: Erste kurdische Zeitung<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-genocides-1915\" aria-label=\"1915: V\u00f6lkermord an den Armeniern und Sayfo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"740\" x2=\"740\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"740\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1915: V\u00f6lkermord an den Armeniern und Sayfo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"602\" y=\"130\">Osmanische Zentralisierung<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"602\" y=\"144\">1847<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"750\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-sevres\" aria-label=\"1920: Vertrag von S\u00e8vres\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"760\" x2=\"760\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"760\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1920: Vertrag von S\u00e8vres<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-mahmud\" aria-label=\"1922: Das K\u00f6nigreich von Scheich Mahmud\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"770\" x2=\"770\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"770\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1922: Das K\u00f6nigreich von Scheich Mahmud<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-lausanne\" aria-label=\"1923: Vertrag von Lausanne\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"775\" x2=\"775\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"775\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1923: Vertrag von Lausanne<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-said\" aria-label=\"1925: Aufstand von Scheich Said\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"785\" x2=\"785\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"785\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1925: Aufstand von Scheich Said<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hawar\" aria-label=\"1932: Die Zeitschrift Hawar und das lateinische Alphabet f\u00fcr Kurmandschi\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"820\" x2=\"820\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"820\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1932: Die Zeitschrift Hawar und das lateinische Alphabet f\u00fcr Kurmandschi<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-dersim\" aria-label=\"1937: Massaker in Dersim und sowjetische Deportationen\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"845\" x2=\"845\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"845\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1937: Massaker in Dersim und sowjetische Deportationen<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mahabad\" aria-label=\"1946: Republik Mahabad\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"890\" x2=\"890\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"890\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1946: Republik Mahabad<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"752\" y=\"130\">Teilung<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"752\" y=\"144\">1920<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"900\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-september-revolution\" aria-label=\"1961: Septemberrevolution im Irak; Arbeitsmigration nach Deutschland\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"910\" x2=\"910\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"910\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1961: Septemberrevolution im Irak; Arbeitsmigration nach Deutschland<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hasakah-census\" aria-label=\"1962: Volksz\u00e4hlung von Hasaka in Syrien\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"914.8\" x2=\"914.8\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"914.8\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1962: Volksz\u00e4hlung von Hasaka in Syrien<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-autonomy-1970\" aria-label=\"1970: Irakisch-kurdisches Autonomieabkommen\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"953.3\" x2=\"953.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"953.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1970: Irakisch-kurdisches Autonomieabkommen<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-coup-1980\" aria-label=\"1980: Milit\u00e4rputsch in der T\u00fcrkei\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1001.5\" x2=\"1001.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1001.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1980: Milit\u00e4rputsch in der T\u00fcrkei<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-anfal\" aria-label=\"1988: Anfal-Kampagne und Halabdscha\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1040\" x2=\"1040\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1040\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1988: Anfal-Kampagne und Halabdscha<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"902\" y=\"130\">Kalter Krieg<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"902\" y=\"144\">1961<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"1050\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-uprising-1991\" aria-label=\"1991: Aufstand und Exodus\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1060\" x2=\"1060\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1060\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1991: Aufstand und Exodus<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mykonos\" aria-label=\"1992: Mykonos-Attentat, Berlin\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1063.7\" x2=\"1063.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1063.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1992: Mykonos-Attentat, Berlin<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-iraq-constitution\" aria-label=\"2005: Die irakische Verfassung erkennt die Region Kurdistan an\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1112\" x2=\"1112\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1112\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2005: Die irakische Verfassung erkennt die Region Kurdistan an<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-yazidi-genocide\" aria-label=\"2014: V\u00f6lkermord an den Jesiden in Shingal\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1145.4\" x2=\"1145.4\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1145.4\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2014: V\u00f6lkermord an den Jesiden in Shingal<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-referendum-2017\" aria-label=\"2017: Unabh\u00e4ngigkeitsreferendum in der Region Kurdistan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1156.6\" x2=\"1156.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1156.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2017: Unabh\u00e4ngigkeitsreferendum in der Region Kurdistan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jina-amini\" aria-label=\"2022: Jina Amini und Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1175.1\" x2=\"1175.1\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1175.1\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2022: Jina Amini und Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-assad-falls\" aria-label=\"2024: Sturz der Regierung Assad\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1182.6\" x2=\"1182.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1182.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2024: Sturz der Regierung Assad<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-pkk-dissolution\" aria-label=\"2025: Die PKK k\u00fcndigt ihre Aufl\u00f6sung an\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1186.3\" x2=\"1186.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1186.3\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2025: Die PKK k\u00fcndigt ihre Aufl\u00f6sung an<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-syria-decree-2026\" aria-label=\"2026: Syrisches Dekret zu kurdischen Rechten\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1190\" x2=\"1190\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1190\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2026: Syrisches Dekret zu kurdischen Rechten<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"1052\" y=\"130\">Nach 1991<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"1052\" y=\"144\">1991<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/figure>\n<section class=\"pf-scn\" data-pf-scn=\"history\" aria-label=\"Wie ein Geschichtseintrag gepr\u00fcft wird\">\n<header class=\"pf-scn__head\"><div><p class=\"pf-scn__eb\">Ablauf<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-scn__title\">Wie ein Geschichtseintrag gepr\u00fcft wird<\/h3><p class=\"pf-scn__lede\">Jeder Eintrag ist belegt und gepr\u00fcft. Umstrittene Geschichte zeigt jede Seite mit Quellen.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-scn__status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span class=\"pf-scn__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span data-scn-status>5 Schritte<\/span><\/p><\/header>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__bar\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"play\">Durchf\u00fchren<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"prev\" aria-label=\"Vorheriger Schritt\">\u2039<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"next\" aria-label=\"N\u00e4chster Schritt\">\u203a<\/button><input class=\"pf-scn__scrub\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"5\" value=\"0\" step=\"1\" aria-label=\"Schritt\"><span class=\"pf-scn__count\" data-scn-count>0 \/ 5<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Zur\u00fccksetzen\">Zur\u00fccksetzen<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__body\"><div class=\"pf-scn__stage\"><svg class=\"pf-scn__svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 604 442\" width=\"604\" height=\"442\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Wie ein Geschichtseintrag gepr\u00fcft wird: 5 Schritte\"><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"20\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"32\" y=\"30\">Autorin oder Autor<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"212\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"224\" y=\"30\">Wissenschaftlicher Beirat<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"404\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"416\" y=\"30\">Zeitleiste<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M110 106 L110 122\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"2\"><path d=\"M198 151 C206 151 206 225 214 225\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge pf-scn__edge--return\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M390 225 C408 225 408 151 198 151\"><\/path><text x=\"412\" y=\"188\">weitere Quellen<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"3\"><path d=\"M302 254 L302 270\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"4\"><path d=\"M390 299 C398 299 398 373 406 373\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--start\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"48\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 70)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"68\">01 \u00b7 Start<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"88\">Eintrag entworfen<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--record\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"122\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 144)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"142\">02 \u00b7 Eintrag<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"162\">Quellen beigef\u00fcgt<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--gate\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"196\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 218)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"216\">03 \u00b7 Pr\u00fcfstufe<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"236\">Wissenschaftliche Pr\u00fcfung<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--decision\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"270\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 292)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"290\">04 \u00b7 Entscheidung<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"310\">Umstritten?<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--end\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"406\" y=\"344\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(426 366)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"442\" y=\"364\">05 \u00b7 Ergebnis<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"442\" y=\"384\">Ver\u00f6ffentlicht<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"pf-scn__side\"><p class=\"pf-scn__side-h\">Ablaufprotokoll<\/p><ol class=\"pf-scn__steps\"><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">01 \u00b7 Autorin oder Autor<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Eintrag entworfen<\/h4><p>Jahr, Titel und eine kurze Zusammenfassung; ungef\u00e4hre Daten sind markiert.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">02 \u00b7 Autorin oder Autor<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Quellen beigef\u00fcgt<\/h4><p>Jede Aussage tr\u00e4gt ihre Quelle.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">03 \u00b7 Wissenschaftlicher Beirat<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Wissenschaftliche Pr\u00fcfung<\/h4><p>Der Beirat pr\u00fcft die Quellen und den Wortlaut.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">04 \u00b7 Wissenschaftlicher Beirat<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Umstritten?<\/h4><p>Wo Historikerinnen und Historiker uneins sind, wird jede Seite mit ihren Quellen gezeigt.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">05 \u00b7 Zeitleiste<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Ver\u00f6ffentlicht<\/h4><p>Der Eintrag verliert die Markierung \u201eQuellenangabe in Vorbereitung\u201c.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-scn__src\">Der Pr\u00fcfvermerk zur Zeitleiste.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<ol class=\"pf-timeline\"><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-gobekli-tepe\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">ca. 9500 v. Chr.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/h3><p>Monumentale Anlagen bei Urfa: tiefes menschliches Erbe der L\u00e4nder, in denen Kurdinnen und Kurden heute leben.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Fr\u00fchgeschichte \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jarmo\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">ca. 7000 v. Chr.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jarmo<\/h3><p>Eines der fr\u00fchesten b\u00e4uerlichen D\u00f6rfer, in den Ausl\u00e4ufern des Zagros.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Fr\u00fchgeschichte \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-carduchoi\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">401 v. Chr.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Xenophon trifft auf die Karduchen<\/h3><p>Die Anabasis beschreibt das Bergvolk der Karduchen, das oft mit Corduene in Verbindung gebracht wird.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Antike \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasanwayhids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">959<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dynastie der Hasanwayhiden<\/h3><p>Kurdische Dynastie im Zagros um Dinawar und Kermanschah.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Mittelalterliche Dynastien \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-marwanids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">990<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dynastie der Marwaniden<\/h3><p>Kurdische Dynastie von Diyarbak\u0131r (Amed) und Silvan, F\u00f6rderer der Gelehrsamkeit.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Mittelalterliche Dynastien \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-saladin-jerusalem\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1187<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Saladin erobert Jerusalem<\/h3><p>Salah ad-Din, aus einer kurdischen Familie aus Dvin, Begr\u00fcnder der Dynastie der Ayyubiden.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Mittelalterliche Dynastien \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-chaldiran\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1514<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Schlacht bei Tschaldiran<\/h3><p>Der osmanische Sieg \u00fcber die Safawiden leitet die Teilung der kurdischen Gebiete zwischen zwei Reichen ein.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Osmanisch-safawidische Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sharafnama\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1597<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Die Scharafname<\/h3><p>Scharaf Khan Bidlisi schreibt auf Persisch die erste Geschichte der Kurden.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Osmanisch-safawidische Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-zuhab\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1639<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Vertrag von Zuhab<\/h3><p>Legt die osmanisch-safawidische Grenze durch die kurdischen Gebiete fest.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Osmanisch-safawidische Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mem-u-zin\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1692<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Mem \u00fb Z\u00een von Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/h3><p>Das kurdische Nationalepos, oft als Aufruf zur kurdischen Einheit gelesen.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Osmanisch-safawidische Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-bohtan\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1847<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Ende des Emirats Bohtan<\/h3><p>Die osmanische Zentralisierung besiegt Bedirxan Beg. Die Emirate werden abgeschafft.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Osmanische Zentralisierung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-kurdistan-newspaper\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1898<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Erste kurdische Zeitung<\/h3><p>Kurdistan erscheint am 22. April 1898 in Kairo. Das Datum ist heute der Tag des kurdischen Journalismus.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Osmanische Zentralisierung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-genocides-1915\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1915<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">V\u00f6lkermord an den Armeniern und Sayfo<\/h3><p>Historikerinnen und Historiker belegen, dass einige kurdische St\u00e4mme an den T\u00f6tungen beteiligt waren, w\u00e4hrend andere Kurden Opfer versteckten. Kurdische politische Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten r\u00e4umten dies sp\u00e4ter ein und entschuldigten sich.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Osmanische Zentralisierung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sevres\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1920<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Vertrag von S\u00e8vres<\/h3><p>Die Artikel 62 bis 64 sehen eine kurdische Autonomie vor. Der Vertrag wurde nie ratifiziert.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-mahmud\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1922<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Das K\u00f6nigreich von Scheich Mahmud<\/h3><p>In Sulaimaniyya wird ein K\u00f6nigreich Kurdistan ausgerufen und von britischen Truppen niedergeschlagen.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-lausanne\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1923<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Vertrag von Lausanne<\/h3><p>Die Republik T\u00fcrkei ist ohne kurdische Bestimmungen anerkannt. Die kurdischen Gebiete sind auf vier Staaten verteilt.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-said\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1925<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Aufstand von Scheich Said<\/h3><p>Aufstand in der T\u00fcrkei, gefolgt von milit\u00e4rischer Niederschlagung, Deportationen und einer Politik, die die kurdische Identit\u00e4t leugnete, wie Historikerinnen und Historiker sie dokumentieren.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hawar\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1932<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Die Zeitschrift Hawar und das lateinische Alphabet f\u00fcr Kurmandschi<\/h3><p>Celadet und Kamuran Bedirxan geben in Damaskus die Zeitschrift Hawar heraus. Der 15. Mai ist heute der Tag der kurdischen Sprache.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-dersim\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1937<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Massaker in Dersim und sowjetische Deportationen<\/h3><p>Milit\u00e4reins\u00e4tze in Dersim (1937 bis 1938) t\u00f6ten Tausende Zivilpersonen und vertreiben viele weitere, wie Historikerinnen und Historiker dokumentiert haben; die Zahl der Toten ist umstritten. 1937 werden Kurdinnen und Kurden aus dem S\u00fcdkaukasus nach Zentralasien deportiert.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mahabad\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1946<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Republik Mahabad<\/h3><p>Ausgerufen am 22. Januar 1946 unter Qazi Muhammad. Sie f\u00e4llt im selben Jahr, und er wird 1947 geh\u00e4ngt.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Teilung \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-september-revolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1961<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Septemberrevolution im Irak; Arbeitsmigration nach Deutschland<\/h3><p>Der Aufstand von Mustafa Barzani beginnt. Das Anwerbeabkommen zwischen der T\u00fcrkei und Westdeutschland setzt die Arbeitsmigration in Gang.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Kalter Krieg \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasakah-census\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1962<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Volksz\u00e4hlung von Hasaka in Syrien<\/h3><p>Etwa 120.000 Kurdinnen und Kurden wird die Staatsangeh\u00f6rigkeit entzogen.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Kalter Krieg \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-autonomy-1970\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1970<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Irakisch-kurdisches Autonomieabkommen<\/h3><p>Unterzeichnet am 11. M\u00e4rz 1970. Es zerbricht nach dem Abkommen von Algier 1975.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Kalter Krieg \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-coup-1980\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1980<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Milit\u00e4rputsch in der T\u00fcrkei<\/h3><p>Massenverhaftungen, dokumentierte Folter im Gef\u00e4ngnis von Diyarbak\u0131r und eine Welle politischer Exilierter nach Europa.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Kalter Krieg \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-anfal\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1988<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Anfal-Kampagne und Halabdscha<\/h3><p>Chemiewaffenangriff auf Halabdscha am 16. M\u00e4rz 1988, im Rahmen der Anfal-Kampagne (1986 bis 1989) gegen kurdische Zivilpersonen; das Irakische Hohe Tribunal erkl\u00e4rte Anfal 2007 zum V\u00f6lkermord.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Kalter Krieg \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-uprising-1991\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1991<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Aufstand und Exodus<\/h3><p>Etwa 1,5 Millionen Menschen fliehen nach Iran und in die T\u00fcrkei. Die Schutzzone f\u00fchrt zur Selbstverwaltung in der Region Kurdistan.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mykonos\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1992<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Mykonos-Attentat, Berlin<\/h3><p>Vier iranisch-kurdische Oppositionelle werden im Restaurant Mykonos in Berlin get\u00f6tet. Ein Berliner Gericht f\u00fchrte den Auftrag in seinem Urteil von 1997 auf die F\u00fchrung des Iran zur\u00fcck.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-iraq-constitution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2005<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Die irakische Verfassung erkennt die Region Kurdistan an<\/h3><p>Kurdisch wird Amtssprache des Irak.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-yazidi-genocide\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2014<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">V\u00f6lkermord an den Jesiden in Shingal<\/h3><p>Angriff des IS auf Schingal (Sinjar) am 3. August 2014: Massent\u00f6tungen, Verschleppungen und Versklavung. Die Untersuchungskommission der Vereinten Nationen zu Syrien stufte ihn als V\u00f6lkermord ein (2016).<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-referendum-2017\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2017<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Unabh\u00e4ngigkeitsreferendum in der Region Kurdistan<\/h3><p>Abgehalten am 25. September 2017. Irakische Bundestruppen \u00fcbernehmen am 16. Oktober die Kontrolle \u00fcber Kirkuk.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jina-amini\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2022<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jina Amini und Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/h3><p>Auf den Tod von Jina (Mahsa) Amini, einer jungen Kurdin aus Saqqez, nach ihrer Festnahme durch die Sittenpolizei des Iran folgen landesweite Proteste unter dem kurdischen Slogan Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-assad-falls\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2024<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Sturz der Regierung Assad<\/h3><p>8. Dezember 2024; eine neue Phase f\u00fcr die Kurdinnen und Kurden in Syrien.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-pkk-dissolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2025<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Die PKK k\u00fcndigt ihre Aufl\u00f6sung an<\/h3><p>Berichtet am 12. Mai 2025, nach dem Aufruf von Abdullah \u00d6calan vom 27. Februar 2025; anhand von Prim\u00e4rquellen zu pr\u00fcfen.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-syria-decree-2026\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2026<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Syrisches Dekret zu kurdischen Rechten<\/h3><p>Gemeldet im Januar 2026: Staatenlosen Kurdinnen und Kurden wird die Staatsangeh\u00f6rigkeit zur\u00fcckgegeben, und Kurdisch wird als Nationalsprache anerkannt; zu pr\u00fcfen.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Nach 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Quellenangabe in Vorbereitung<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><\/ol><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Diese Seite zitieren<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Timeline<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cTimeline.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_heritage_timeline,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Timeline},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\">Herunterladen <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_heritage_tim\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Timeline\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\">Herunterladen <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Lizenz <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"material\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Bevor Sie beginnen<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">Die Kurdische Kooperationsorganisation ist ein Verbund von Gemeinschaften, die voneinander lernen. Sie ist keine Universit\u00e4t, beansprucht keine \u00f6ffentliche Autorit\u00e4t und dient keiner Regierung, Partei oder Glaubensgemeinschaft.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Externe Quellen behalten ihre eigenen Lizenzen. Ein Eintrag oder ein Link ist keine Empfehlung.<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Wie diese Seite mit Belegen umgeht<\/h3><p>Jede Zahl nennt Messgr\u00f6\u00dfe, Jahr, Quelle und Kennzeichnung. Unbekanntes wird als unbekannt ausgewiesen.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Gepr\u00fcft<\/span><\/dt><dd>Eine Kennzeichnung: Der Eintrag stimmt mit seinem Prim\u00e4rnachweis \u00fcberein, etwa der amtlichen Tabelle oder dem Crossref-Eintrag.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Sekund\u00e4rquelle<\/span><\/dt><dd>Eine Kennzeichnung: Die Zahl stammt aus einem verl\u00e4sslichen Bericht \u00fcber die Quelle, nicht aus der Quelle selbst.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Zu pr\u00fcfen<\/span><\/dt><dd>Eine Kennzeichnung: Der Eintrag ist so aufgef\u00fchrt, wie er gefunden wurde, und muss noch mit seiner Quelle abgeglichen werden.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Quellen<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Offene wissenschaftliche Nachweise zu diesem Thema, aus zugelassenen Verzeichnissen. Zur Orientierung aufgef\u00fchrt, noch nicht gepr\u00fcft.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz (2026). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a>. International Journal of Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\">10.21600\/ijoks.1870377<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a>. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV). DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\">10.11576\/ijcv-5688<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a>. Kurdiname. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\">10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a> (2021). Cambridge University Press eBooks. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\">10.1017\/9781108623711<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a>. Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\">10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Diese Seite zitieren<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/corrections\/\">Einen Fehler melden<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Was wir sind und was nicht<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<section class=\"pf-section\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\">Forschung und Quellen<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Neuere und relevante Arbeiten zum Thema dieser Seite, aus zugelassenen offenen wissenschaftlichen Quellen. Nur Metadaten und Links. Titel bleiben wie ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Noch nicht gepr\u00fcft.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 International Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-ND-2.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Kurdiname<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 Cambridge University Press eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Buch<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjpas.35.3.22\" rel=\"noopener\">The Effect of Sex Differences and Family History as a Genetic Factors related to Autism Spectrum Disorder among Group of children in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region- Iraq.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Srwa S. Saleem, Nihad A. Ameen \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48350\/154965\" rel=\"noopener\">A Struggle within a Struggle: The History of the Kurdish Women\u2019s Liberation Movement.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Isabel Martina K\u00e4ser \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 University of Bern<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Sektion<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">restricted<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25330\/2141\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurdish spring, history in the making: where are the women?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salome Hirvaskoski \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 My University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Sonstiges<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004706552_004\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Linguistic History of Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Thomas J\u00fcgel \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies Archive<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Sektion<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sena.12437\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Women\u2019s Experience in Iraq: History, Politics and Literature<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Lolav M. Hassan Alhamid \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-137-56324-8_2\" rel=\"noopener\">Sunni, Shia, and Kurd: A Brief History of Islamism in Kurdistan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ali Ezzatyar \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Sektion<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23918\/vesal2021v18\" rel=\"noopener\">Teaching the History of Kurdistan through Visual Art<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 VESAL2021 Proceedings Book<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Quellen, Lizenzen und Abrufdaten: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bauen Sie mit uns\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bauen Sie mit uns<\/h2><p>Werden Sie Mitglied oder sagen Sie uns, was Ihre Stadt braucht. Sie entscheiden, was Sie teilen.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Beitreten<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Ihr Profil<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Kontakt<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Netzwerk\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/search\/\">Suche<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Bereiche<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/\">Akademie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/\">Kulturerbe<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/\">Sprache<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/de\/\">Forschung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/de\/\">Chancen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/de\/\">Teilhabe<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/de\/\">Entwicklung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/\">Nachrichten und Termine<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/areas\/\">Arbeitsbereiche<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>Afrika<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c4gypten<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asien-Pazifik<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Australien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Japan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Neuseeland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Kaukasus<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Armenien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Aserbaidschan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Georgien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Zentralasien<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kasachstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kirgisistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turkmenistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Belgien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">D\u00e4nemark<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/de\/\">Deutschland<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Finnland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Frankreich<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Griechenland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Italien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Niederlande<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Norwegen<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/de\/\">\u00d6sterreich<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Schweden<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/de\/\">Schweiz<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Vereinigtes K\u00f6nigreich<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Zypern<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa und Zentralasien<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Russland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Naher Osten<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Irak<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Iran<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Israel<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jordanien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Libanon<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Syrien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">T\u00fcrkei<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Vereinigte Arabische Emirate<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Nordamerika<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kanada<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Vereinigte Staaten<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Mitmachen<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/membership\/\">Mitgliedschaft<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/join\/\">Beitreten<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/get-involved\/\">Mitmachen<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fde%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Anmelden<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/start\/\">Hier beginnen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kontakt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Rechtliches und Sicherheit<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/protected-participation\/\">Gesch\u00fctzte Teilnahme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Charta<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00dcber dieses Netzwerk: was wir sind und was nicht<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/corrections\/\">Korrekturen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/verification\/\">Pr\u00fcfung<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Sprachen<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ckb\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fa\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/tr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/az\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/hi\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ko\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Fassung der Charta<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">Die Kurdische Kooperationsorganisation ist ein unabh\u00e4ngiges Peer-to-Peer-Netzwerk f\u00fcr Bildung und Entwicklung kurdischer Gemeinschaften. Sie ist keine Universit\u00e4t und beansprucht keine hoheitliche Befugnis. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00dcber dieses Netzwerk: was wir sind und was nicht<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOKulturerbe Netzwerk Bereiche 01Akademie Jedes Wissensgebiet, Kurse in allen kurdischen Variet\u00e4ten und Praxisgemeinschaften. 02Kulturerbe Geschichte vom Zagros bis heute, Erinnerung, Glaubensgemeinschaften, K\u00fcnste, Literatur und K\u00fcche. 03Sprache Kurmandschi, Sorani, Zazaki, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Timeline&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":41,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-109","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/109\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/41"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}