{"id":1229,"date":"2026-11-01T15:59:55","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/anfal\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T15:59:55","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:59:55","slug":"anfal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/anfal\/","title":{"rendered":"Anfal remembrance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/heritage\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"calendar\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Mais\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" 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x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/\" data-area=\"heritage\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Patrim\u00f4nio<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Rede\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Rede\"><span>Rede<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c1reas<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrim\u00f4nio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a mem\u00f3ria, as religi\u00f5es, as artes, a literatura e a culin\u00e1ria.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>L\u00edngua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, curdo do sul e gorani, em todas as escritas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Pesquisa<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Estudos curdos: o observat\u00f3rio, listas de leitura e novas pesquisas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Oportunidades<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Meios de subsist\u00eancia, compet\u00eancias, empregos, mentoria e pontes entre a di\u00e1spora e a regi\u00e3o.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Cidadania<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educa\u00e7\u00e3o c\u00edvica, conhecimento de direitos, apoio a pessoas ap\u00e1tridas e di\u00e1logo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Desenvolvimento<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programas sociais, meios de vida e prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para desastres para comunidades curdas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Not\u00edcias e eventos<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Not\u00edcias curdas e regionais com cada ve\u00edculo identificado, e o calend\u00e1rio de dias curdos.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">In\u00edcio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/country-programmes\/\">Programas nacionais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/areas\/\">\u00c1reas de trabalho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/calendar\/\">Calend\u00e1rio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/the-community\/\">Comunidades curdas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programas nacionais\"><span>Programas nacionais<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programas nacionais<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/country-programmes\/\">Todos os 35 programas nacionais<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Este site\"><span>Este site<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/\">Patrim\u00f4nio<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/timeline\/\">Linha do tempo<\/a><\/li><li><a 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/hi\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa 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Ela est\u00e1 sendo revisada por falantes nativos. A p\u00e1gina em ingl\u00eas \u00e9 a refer\u00eancia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Trilha de navega\u00e7\u00e3o\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/\">Patrim\u00f4nio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/\">Calend\u00e1rio<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Mem\u00f3ria de Anfal<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><img class=\"pf-still pf-still--light\" src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/renders\/kco-heritage-light.webp\" alt=\"Background image of the page\" aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1050\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img class=\"pf-still pf-still--dark\" src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/renders\/kco-heritage-dark.webp\" alt=\"Background image of the page\" aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1050\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Mem\u00f3ria \u00b7 \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Mem\u00f3ria de Anfal<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Mem\u00f3ria da campanha de Anfal, lembrada na Regi\u00e3o do Curdist\u00e3o.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header><div class=\"pf-strip\"><p class=\"pf-datebox\" aria-label=\"ter\u00e7a-feira, 14 de abril de 2026\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-14\"><span class=\"pf-datebox__m\">abr.<\/span><span class=\"pf-datebox__d\">14<\/span><span class=\"pf-datebox__w\">2026<\/span><\/time><\/p><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Tipo<\/dt><dd>Mem\u00f3ria<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Calend\u00e1rio<\/dt><dd>Gregoriano<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Em 2026<\/dt><dd>ter\u00e7a-feira, 14 de abril de 2026<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n<aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>Cita\u00e7\u00e3o em prepara\u00e7\u00e3o. Um revisor especialista confere esta entrada com as suas fontes.<\/p><\/aside>\n<details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"material\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Antes de come\u00e7ar<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">A Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Curda \u00e9 uma federa\u00e7\u00e3o de comunidades que aprendem umas com as outras. N\u00e3o \u00e9 uma universidade, n\u00e3o reivindica autoridade p\u00fablica e n\u00e3o serve a nenhum governo, partido ou \u00f3rg\u00e3o religioso.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">As fontes externas mant\u00eam as suas pr\u00f3prias licen\u00e7as. Uma listagem ou um link n\u00e3o \u00e9 um endosso.<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Como esta p\u00e1gina trata as evid\u00eancias<\/h3><p>Cada n\u00famero traz a sua medida, ano, fonte e r\u00f3tulo. O que \u00e9 desconhecido aparece como desconhecido.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/dt><dd>Um r\u00f3tulo: o item corresponde ao seu registro prim\u00e1rio, como a tabela oficial ou o registro no Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Fonte secund\u00e1ria<\/span><\/dt><dd>Um r\u00f3tulo: o n\u00famero vem de um relat\u00f3rio confi\u00e1vel sobre a fonte, n\u00e3o da pr\u00f3pria fonte.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/dt><dd>Um r\u00f3tulo: o item est\u00e1 listado como foi encontrado e ainda precisa ser conferido com a sua fonte.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Fontes<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Registros acad\u00eamicos abertos sobre este tema, de \u00edndices aprovados. Listados para refer\u00eancia, ainda n\u00e3o revisados.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Seerwan Mohammed Mustafa, Ary kadir Mohammed (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3\" rel=\"noopener\">This research explores the role of music in expressing the suffering of the Kurdish people due to the genocide they have faced throughout history, particularly during the Anfal operations of the 1980s, which led to the destruction of hundreds of Kurdish villages and the extermination of the Kurdish <\/a>. Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3\">10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Ahmed DR (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231210107\" rel=\"noopener\">From Holocaust to Anfal: The impact of genocide and cross-generational trauma on the mental health of Kurds.<\/a>. Int J Soc Psychiatry. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231210107\">10.1177\/00207640231210107<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Choman Hardi (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-2\" rel=\"noopener\">The Anfal Campaign<\/a>. Routledge eBooks. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-2\">10.4324\/9781315584188-2<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">William B. Quandt (1996). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20047630\" rel=\"noopener\">Iraq&#8217;s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds<\/a>. Foreign Affairs. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20047630\">10.2307\/20047630<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31\" rel=\"noopener\">Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan<\/a> (2021). Proceedings of &quot; Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention&quot; Conference. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31\">10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/corrections\/\">Relate um erro<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">O que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Nesta p\u00e1gina\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Nesta p\u00e1gina<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Datas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Como a data \u00e9 definida<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Onde \u00e9 celebrado<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Na Academia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Encontros neste dia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Fontes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Outros dias de mem\u00f3ria<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Datas<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Calculado para 2026 a 2030.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Gregoriano<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Solar da H\u00e9gira<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Lunar da H\u00e9gira<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Nota<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-14\">ter\u00e7a-feira, 14 de abril de 2026<\/time><\/th><td>25 de farvardin de 1405 AP<\/td><td>26 de shawwal de 1447 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2027-04-14\">quarta-feira, 14 de abril de 2027<\/time><\/th><td>25 de farvardin de 1406 AP<\/td><td>7 de Dhu\u02bbl-Qi\u02bbdah de 1448 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2028-04-14\">sexta-feira, 14 de abril de 2028<\/time><\/th><td>26 de farvardin de 1407 AP<\/td><td>19 de Dhu\u02bbl-Qi\u02bbdah de 1449 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2029-04-14\">s\u00e1bado, 14 de abril de 2029<\/time><\/th><td>26 de farvardin de 1408 AP<\/td><td>30 de Dhu\u02bbl-Qi\u02bbdah de 1450 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2030-04-14\">domingo, 14 de abril de 2030<\/time><\/th><td>25 de farvardin de 1409 AP<\/td><td>11 de Dhu\u02bbl-Hijjah de 1451 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><div class=\"pf-calics\" data-pf-mod=\"calics\" data-name=\"Anfal remembrance\" data-url=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/\" data-uid=\"anfal@kurds.global\" data-dates=\"[[&quot;2026-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2027-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2028-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2029-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2030-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;]]\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" hidden>Adicionar ao seu calend\u00e1rio<\/button><p class=\"pf-calics__note\">O arquivo cont\u00e9m as datas de 2026 a 2030. \u00c9 gerado no seu dispositivo; nada \u00e9 enviado.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Como a data \u00e9 definida<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>14 de abril, todos os anos, no calend\u00e1rio gregoriano.<\/p><p class=\"pf-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/about\/\">Como funciona o calend\u00e1rio<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Onde \u00e9 celebrado<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>A Regi\u00e3o do Curdist\u00e3o do Iraque<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Na Academia<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Faculdades<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/faculties\/kurdish-studies\/\">Faculdade de Estudos Curdos<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/faculties\/law-governance\/\">Faculdade de Direito, Governan\u00e7a e Assuntos P\u00fablicos<\/a><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Disciplinas<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/disciplines\/genocide-memory-studies\/\">Estudos de mem\u00f3ria e genoc\u00eddio<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/disciplines\/transitional-justice\/\">Justi\u00e7a de transi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--2\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"memory-genocide\" data-faculty=\"kurdish-studies\" data-level=\"F S\" data-wave=\"1\" data-status=\"outlined\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudos de mem\u00f3ria e genoc\u00eddio \u00b7 Fundamentos, Acad\u00eamico<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/catalogue\/anfal-and-halabja\/\">Anfal e Halabja<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">A campanha de Anfal e o ataque qu\u00edmico contra Halabja: o que aconteceu, como est\u00e1 documentado e como \u00e9 lembrado.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Onda 1 \u00b7 12 h <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Esbo\u00e7o redigido<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Encontros neste dia<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-empty\">Nenhum encontro foi anunciado para este dia ainda. As Se\u00e7\u00f5es listam os seus aqui quando confirmados.<\/p><div class=\"pf-listing\" data-pf-listing=\"events\" data-pf-scope=\"\" data-pf-limit=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"pf-listing-events-network\"><h3 class=\"pf-listing__title\" id=\"pf-listing-events-network\">Eventos compartilhados<\/h3><div class=\"pf-listing__empty\"><p class=\"pf-listing__state\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">O compartilhamento abre em breve<\/span><\/p><p>Eventos compartilhados por membros, cada um ligado ao an\u00fancio do seu organizador.<\/p><\/div><\/div><!--\/pf-listing-->\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Fontes<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cal-src\" role=\"list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/2210-7975_hrd-4502-0035\" rel=\"noopener\" translate=\"no\">Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Middle East Watch, 1993)<\/a> <span class=\"pf-cal-src__pub\" translate=\"no\">Human Rights Watch, in Human Rights Documents Online (Brill)<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Fonte secund\u00e1ria<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Outros dias de mem\u00f3ria<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">quinta-feira, 22 de janeiro de 2026 \u00b7 Dia da comunidade<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/mahabad-proclamation\/\">Rep\u00fablica de Mahabad<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Proclama\u00e7\u00e3o da Rep\u00fablica de Mahabad, 1946.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">\u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06d5\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">segunda-feira, 26 de janeiro de 2026 \u00b7 Dia comunit\u00e1rio<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/kobani-liberation\/\">Fim do cerco de Koban\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Fim do cerco de Koban\u00ee, 2015.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">Rizgariya Koban\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">segunda-feira, 16 de mar\u00e7o de 2026 \u00b7 Dia comunit\u00e1rio<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/halabja\/\">Mem\u00f3ria de Halabja<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Ataque com armas qu\u00edmicas a Halabja, 16 de mar\u00e7o de 1988.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u0628\u062c\u06d5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">segunda-feira, 3 de agosto de 2026 \u00b7 Dia comunit\u00e1rio<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/yazidi-genocide\/\">Mem\u00f3ria do genoc\u00eddio yazidi<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Ataque do ISIL a Shingal (Sinjar), em 3 de agosto de 2014; considerado genoc\u00eddio pela Comiss\u00e3o de Inqu\u00e9rito das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas (2016).<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">Fermana \u015eengal\u00ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">A data varia \u00b7 Dia da comunidade<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/dersim\/\">Mem\u00f3ria de Dersim<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Assassinatos e deporta\u00e7\u00f5es em Dersim, 1937 a 1938, conforme documentado por historiadores.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">Dersim<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Anfal remembrance<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/anfal\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cAnfal Remembrance.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/anfal\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Anfal remembrance},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.bib\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.bib\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_heritage_cal\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Anfal remembrance\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.ris\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.ris\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licen\u00e7a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabalhos recentes e relevantes sobre o tema desta p\u00e1gina, de fontes acad\u00eamicas abertas aprovadas. Apenas metadados e links. Os t\u00edtulos ficam como foram publicados. Ainda n\u00e3o revisado.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3\" rel=\"noopener\">This research explores the role of music in expressing the suffering of the Kurdish people due to the genocide they have faced throughout history, particularly during the Anfal operations of the 1980s, which led to the destruction of hundreds of Kurdish villages and the extermination of the Kurdish <\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Seerwan Mohammed Mustafa, Ary kadir Mohammed \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231210107\" rel=\"noopener\">From Holocaust to Anfal: The impact of genocide and cross-generational trauma on the mental health of Kurds.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ahmed DR \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Int J Soc Psychiatry<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-2\" rel=\"noopener\">The Anfal Campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Choman Hardi \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 Routledge eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Se\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20047630\" rel=\"noopener\">Iraq&#8217;s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">William B. Quandt \u00b7 1996 \u00b7 Foreign Affairs<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31\" rel=\"noopener\">Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 Proceedings of &quot; Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention&quot; Conference<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0041291\" rel=\"noopener\">Photo of Anfal Genocide Survivor<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jones, Adam, 1963- \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Outro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14623528.2012.684764\" rel=\"noopener\">Gendered Experiences of Genocide: Anfal Survivors in Kurdistan-Iraq<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Choman Hardi \u00b7 2011 \u00b7 Journal of Genocide Research<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Outro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0041290\" rel=\"noopener\">Aska Hame-Ameen : Anfal Genocide Survivor : Rizgary, Kurdistan, Iraq<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jones, Adam, 1963- \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Outro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1748427\" rel=\"noopener\">The Concept of Genocide and the Anfal Campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Mark Klamberg \u00b7 2012 \u00b7 SSRN Electronic Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781503646360-006\" rel=\"noopener\">2 The Iraqi Secret Police Documents and the Anfal Campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Joost Hiltermann \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Ba\u2018thist Iraq Through Archives<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Se\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-8\" rel=\"noopener\">Learning from Women Survivors of Anfal<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2016 \u00b7 Gendered Experiences of Genocide<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Se\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01436597.2026.2688893\" rel=\"noopener\">Selective silence: the United Nations and the Anfal campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jiyan Taher Ahmed, \u015eevki K\u0131ralp \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Third World Quarterly<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fontes, licen\u00e7as e datas de coleta: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Construa conosco\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Construa conosco<\/h2><p>Torne-se membro ou conte-nos do que sua cidade precisa. 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comunidades curdas. N\u00e3o \u00e9 uma universidade e n\u00e3o reivindica nenhuma autoridade p\u00fablica. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta rede: o que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOPatrim\u00f4nio Rede \u00c1reas 01Academia Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica. 02Patrim\u00f4nio A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/anfal\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Anfal remembrance&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":220,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-1229","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1229"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1229\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}