{"id":154,"date":"2026-11-01T15:24:04","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T15:24:04","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:24:04","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/heritage\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"M\u00e1s\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" 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height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\" data-area=\"heritage\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Red\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Red\"><span>Red<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c1reas<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Todos los campos del saber, cursos en todas las variedades del kurdo y comunidades de pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">La historia desde los Zagros hasta hoy, la memoria, las religiones, las artes, la literatura y la gastronom\u00eda.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Lengua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, kurdo meridional y gorani, en todas sus escrituras.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Investigaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Estudios kurdos: el observatorio, listas de lectura e investigaci\u00f3n nueva.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Oportunidades<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Medios de vida, competencias, empleo, mentor\u00eda y puentes entre la di\u00e1spora y la regi\u00f3n.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Vida c\u00edvica<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educaci\u00f3n c\u00edvica, conocimiento de los derechos, ayuda a personas ap\u00e1tridas y di\u00e1logo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Desarrollo<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programas sociales, medios de vida y preparaci\u00f3n ante desastres para las comunidades kurdas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Noticias y eventos<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Noticias kurdas y regionales con cada medio etiquetado, y el calendario de d\u00edas kurdos.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\">Inicio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\">Programas nacionales<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/areas\/\">\u00c1reas de trabajo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/calendar\/\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/the-community\/\">Comunidades kurdas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programas nacionales\"><span>Programas nacionales<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programas nacionales<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\">Los 35 programas nacionales<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Este sitio\"><span>Este sitio<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\">Patrimonio<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Cronolog\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/faiths\/\">Religiones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/arts\/\">Artes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/literature\/\">Literatura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/food\/\">Gastronom\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/directory\/\">Directorio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/take-part\/\">Participe<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Acerca de\"><span>Acerca de<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Acerca de<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Acerca de<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/federation\/\">Federaci\u00f3n<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">C\u00f3mo funciona la federaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/the-community\/\">Comunidades kurdas<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta red: qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Carta<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Participe<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/membership\/\">Membres\u00eda<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Membres\u00eda y participaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/join\/\">Afiliarse<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/get-involved\/\">Participe<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Formas de participar<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Aviso legal y seguridad<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/protected-participation\/\">Participaci\u00f3n protegida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/corrections\/\">Correcciones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contacto<svg 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class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Cuenta\" data-tip=\"Cuenta\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Cuenta<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fes%2Fstart%2F\">Iniciar sesi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=es\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Afiliarse<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Su perfil<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/start\/\">Panel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">Ajustes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Sus sesiones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Cerrar sesi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Lenguas\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Lenguas<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ES<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ckb\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fa\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/tr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/az\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/hi\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ko\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Sistema\" data-tip=\"Sistema\" data-l-light=\"Claro\" data-l-dark=\"Oscuro\" data-l-system=\"Sistema\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__dark\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" 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viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>Men\u00fa<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Esta p\u00e1gina es una traducci\u00f3n. Est\u00e1 siendo revisada por hablantes nativos. La p\u00e1gina en ingl\u00e9s es la referencia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Ruta de navegaci\u00f3n\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\">Patrimonio<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Cronolog\u00eda<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Cronolog\u00eda<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Desde la historia antigua de los Zagros y el Tauro hasta hoy. Las fechas son aproximadas donde se indica.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header>\n<aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>Cada acontecimiento est\u00e1 siendo citado y comprobado por revisores expertos. Las historias disputadas muestran cada postura con sus fuentes.<\/p><\/aside>\n<figure class=\"pf-chrono\"><div class=\"pf-chrono__scroll\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1200 150\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Cronolog\u00eda de las entradas siguientes, por \u00e9poca\"><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"0\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-gobekli-tepe\" aria-label=\"9500 a. C.: G\u00f6bekli Tepe\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"10\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>9500 a. C.: G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jarmo\" aria-label=\"7000 a. C.: Jarmo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"140\" x2=\"140\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"140\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>7000 a. C.: Jarmo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"2\" y=\"130\">Historia antigua<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"2\" y=\"144\">9500 a. C.<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"150\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-carduchoi\" aria-label=\"401 a. C.: Jenofonte se encuentra con los carducos\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"225\" x2=\"225\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"225\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>401 a. C.: Jenofonte se encuentra con los carducos<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"152\" y=\"130\">Antig\u00fcedad<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"152\" y=\"144\">401 a. C.<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"300\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-hasanwayhids\" aria-label=\"959: Dinast\u00eda hasanwayh\u00ed\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"310\" x2=\"310\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"310\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>959: Dinast\u00eda hasanwayh\u00ed<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-marwanids\" aria-label=\"990: Dinast\u00eda marwan\u00ed\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"327.7\" x2=\"327.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"327.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>990: Dinast\u00eda marwan\u00ed<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-saladin-jerusalem\" aria-label=\"1187: Saladino toma Jerusal\u00e9n\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"440\" x2=\"440\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"440\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1187: Saladino toma Jerusal\u00e9n<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"302\" y=\"130\">Dinast\u00edas medievales<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"302\" y=\"144\">959<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"450\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-chaldiran\" aria-label=\"1514: Batalla de Chaldir\u00e1n\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"460\" x2=\"460\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"460\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1514: Batalla de Chaldir\u00e1n<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sharafnama\" aria-label=\"1597: El Sharafnama\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"520.6\" x2=\"520.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"520.6\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1597: El Sharafnama<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-zuhab\" aria-label=\"1639: Tratado de Zuhab\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"551.3\" x2=\"551.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"551.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1639: Tratado de Zuhab<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mem-u-zin\" aria-label=\"1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een, de Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"590\" x2=\"590\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"590\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een, de Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"452\" y=\"130\">Partici\u00f3n otomano-saf\u00e1vida<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"452\" y=\"144\">1514<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"600\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-bohtan\" aria-label=\"1847: Fin del emirato de Bohtan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"610\" x2=\"610\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"610\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1847: Fin del emirato de Bohtan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-kurdistan-newspaper\" aria-label=\"1898: Primer peri\u00f3dico kurdo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"707.5\" x2=\"707.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"707.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1898: Primer peri\u00f3dico kurdo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-genocides-1915\" aria-label=\"1915: Genocidio armenio y el Sayfo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"740\" x2=\"740\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"740\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1915: Genocidio armenio y el Sayfo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"602\" y=\"130\">Centralizaci\u00f3n otomana<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"602\" y=\"144\">1847<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"750\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-sevres\" aria-label=\"1920: Tratado de S\u00e8vres\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"760\" x2=\"760\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"760\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1920: Tratado de S\u00e8vres<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-mahmud\" aria-label=\"1922: El reino del jeque Mahmud\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"770\" x2=\"770\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"770\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1922: El reino del jeque Mahmud<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-lausanne\" aria-label=\"1923: Tratado de Lausana\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"775\" x2=\"775\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"775\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1923: Tratado de Lausana<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-said\" aria-label=\"1925: Rebeli\u00f3n del jeque Said\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"785\" x2=\"785\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"785\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1925: Rebeli\u00f3n del jeque Said<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hawar\" aria-label=\"1932: La revista Hawar y el alfabeto latino del kurmanji\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"820\" x2=\"820\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"820\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1932: La revista Hawar y el alfabeto latino del kurmanji<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-dersim\" aria-label=\"1937: Masacres de Dersim y deportaciones sovi\u00e9ticas\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"845\" x2=\"845\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"845\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1937: Masacres de Dersim y deportaciones sovi\u00e9ticas<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mahabad\" aria-label=\"1946: Rep\u00fablica de Mahabad\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"890\" x2=\"890\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"890\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1946: Rep\u00fablica de Mahabad<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"752\" y=\"130\">Partici\u00f3n<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"752\" y=\"144\">1920<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"900\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-september-revolution\" aria-label=\"1961: Revoluci\u00f3n de Septiembre en Irak; migraci\u00f3n laboral a Alemania\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"910\" x2=\"910\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"910\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1961: Revoluci\u00f3n de Septiembre en Irak; migraci\u00f3n laboral a Alemania<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hasakah-census\" aria-label=\"1962: Censo de Hasaka en Siria\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"914.8\" x2=\"914.8\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"914.8\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1962: Censo de Hasaka en Siria<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-autonomy-1970\" aria-label=\"1970: Acuerdo de autonom\u00eda kurda en Irak\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"953.3\" x2=\"953.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"953.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1970: Acuerdo de autonom\u00eda kurda en Irak<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-coup-1980\" aria-label=\"1980: Golpe militar en Turqu\u00eda\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1001.5\" x2=\"1001.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1001.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1980: Golpe militar en Turqu\u00eda<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-anfal\" aria-label=\"1988: Campa\u00f1a de Anfal y Halabja\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1040\" x2=\"1040\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1040\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1988: Campa\u00f1a de Anfal y Halabja<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"902\" y=\"130\">Guerra Fr\u00eda<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"902\" y=\"144\">1961<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"1050\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-uprising-1991\" aria-label=\"1991: Levantamiento y \u00e9xodo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1060\" x2=\"1060\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1060\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1991: Levantamiento y \u00e9xodo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mykonos\" aria-label=\"1992: Asesinatos del Mykonos, Berl\u00edn\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1063.7\" x2=\"1063.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1063.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1992: Asesinatos del Mykonos, Berl\u00edn<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-iraq-constitution\" aria-label=\"2005: La Constituci\u00f3n iraqu\u00ed reconoce la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1112\" x2=\"1112\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1112\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2005: La Constituci\u00f3n iraqu\u00ed reconoce la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-yazidi-genocide\" aria-label=\"2014: Genocidio yazid\u00ed en Shingal\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1145.4\" x2=\"1145.4\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1145.4\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2014: Genocidio yazid\u00ed en Shingal<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-referendum-2017\" aria-label=\"2017: Refer\u00e9ndum de independencia de la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1156.6\" x2=\"1156.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1156.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2017: Refer\u00e9ndum de independencia de la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jina-amini\" aria-label=\"2022: Jina Amini y Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1175.1\" x2=\"1175.1\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1175.1\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2022: Jina Amini y Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-assad-falls\" aria-label=\"2024: Ca\u00edda del gobierno de Asad\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1182.6\" x2=\"1182.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1182.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2024: Ca\u00edda del gobierno de Asad<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-pkk-dissolution\" aria-label=\"2025: El PKK anuncia su disoluci\u00f3n\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1186.3\" x2=\"1186.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1186.3\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2025: El PKK anuncia su disoluci\u00f3n<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-syria-decree-2026\" aria-label=\"2026: Decreto sirio sobre los derechos de los kurdos\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1190\" x2=\"1190\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1190\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2026: Decreto sirio sobre los derechos de los kurdos<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"1052\" y=\"130\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"1052\" y=\"144\">1991<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/figure>\n<section class=\"pf-scn\" data-pf-scn=\"history\" aria-label=\"C\u00f3mo se revisa una entrada de historia\">\n<header class=\"pf-scn__head\"><div><p class=\"pf-scn__eb\">Proceso<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-scn__title\">C\u00f3mo se revisa una entrada de historia<\/h3><p class=\"pf-scn__lede\">Cada entrada se cita y se revisa. Las historias controvertidas muestran todas las posturas, con fuentes.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-scn__status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span class=\"pf-scn__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span data-scn-status>5 pasos<\/span><\/p><\/header>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__bar\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"play\">Ejecutar<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"prev\" aria-label=\"Paso anterior\">\u2039<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"next\" aria-label=\"Siguiente paso\">\u203a<\/button><input class=\"pf-scn__scrub\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"5\" value=\"0\" step=\"1\" aria-label=\"Paso\"><span class=\"pf-scn__count\" data-scn-count>0 \/ 5<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Restablecer\">Restablecer<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__body\"><div class=\"pf-scn__stage\"><svg class=\"pf-scn__svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 604 442\" width=\"604\" height=\"442\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"C\u00f3mo se revisa una entrada de historia: 5 pasos\"><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"20\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"32\" y=\"30\">Autor<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"212\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"224\" y=\"30\">Consejo acad\u00e9mico<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"404\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"416\" y=\"30\">Cronolog\u00eda<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M110 106 L110 122\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"2\"><path d=\"M198 151 C206 151 206 225 214 225\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge pf-scn__edge--return\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M390 225 C408 225 408 151 198 151\"><\/path><text x=\"412\" y=\"188\">m\u00e1s fuentes<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"3\"><path d=\"M302 254 L302 270\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"4\"><path d=\"M390 299 C398 299 398 373 406 373\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--start\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"48\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 70)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"68\">01 \u00b7 Inicio<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"88\">Entrada redactada<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--record\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"122\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 144)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"142\">02 \u00b7 Registro<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"162\">Fuentes adjuntas<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--gate\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"196\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 218)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"216\">03 \u00b7 Control<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"236\">Revisi\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--decision\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"270\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 292)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"290\">04 \u00b7 Decisi\u00f3n<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"310\">\u00bfControvertido?<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--end\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"406\" y=\"344\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(426 366)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"442\" y=\"364\">05 \u00b7 Resultado<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"442\" y=\"384\">Publicado<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"pf-scn__side\"><p class=\"pf-scn__side-h\">Registro de ejecuci\u00f3n<\/p><ol class=\"pf-scn__steps\"><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">01 \u00b7 Autor<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Entrada redactada<\/h4><p>A\u00f1o, t\u00edtulo y un breve resumen; las fechas aproximadas est\u00e1n marcadas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">02 \u00b7 Autor<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Fuentes adjuntas<\/h4><p>Cada afirmaci\u00f3n lleva su fuente.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">03 \u00b7 Consejo acad\u00e9mico<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Revisi\u00f3n acad\u00e9mica<\/h4><p>El consejo comprueba las fuentes y la redacci\u00f3n.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">04 \u00b7 Consejo acad\u00e9mico<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u00bfControvertido?<\/h4><p>Cuando los historiadores discrepan, se muestra cada postura con sus fuentes.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">05 \u00b7 Cronolog\u00eda<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Publicado<\/h4><p>La entrada pierde su marca de \u00abcita en preparaci\u00f3n\u00bb.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-scn__src\">La nota de revisi\u00f3n de la cronolog\u00eda.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<ol class=\"pf-timeline\"><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-gobekli-tepe\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">c. 9500 a. C.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/h3><p>Recintos monumentales cerca de Urfa: el profundo patrimonio humano de las tierras donde viven hoy los kurdos.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Historia antigua \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jarmo\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">c. 7000 a. C.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jarmo<\/h3><p>Una de las primeras aldeas agr\u00edcolas, en las estribaciones de los Zagros.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Historia antigua \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-carduchoi\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">401 a. C.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jenofonte se encuentra con los carducos<\/h3><p>La An\u00e1basis describe al pueblo monta\u00f1\u00e9s de los carducos, a menudo vinculado con Corduene.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Antig\u00fcedad \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasanwayhids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">959<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dinast\u00eda hasanwayh\u00ed<\/h3><p>Dinast\u00eda kurda de los Zagros, en torno a Dinawar y Kermanshah.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dinast\u00edas medievales \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-marwanids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">990<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dinast\u00eda marwan\u00ed<\/h3><p>Dinast\u00eda kurda de Diyarbak\u0131r (Amed) y Silvan, mecenas del saber.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dinast\u00edas medievales \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-saladin-jerusalem\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1187<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Saladino toma Jerusal\u00e9n<\/h3><p>Salah al-Din, de una familia kurda de Dvin, fundador de la dinast\u00eda ayub\u00ed.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dinast\u00edas medievales \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-chaldiran\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1514<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Batalla de Chaldir\u00e1n<\/h3><p>La victoria otomana sobre los saf\u00e1vidas inicia la divisi\u00f3n de las tierras kurdas entre dos imperios.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n otomano-saf\u00e1vida \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sharafnama\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1597<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">El Sharafnama<\/h3><p>Sharaf Khan Bidlisi escribe la primera historia de los kurdos, en persa.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n otomano-saf\u00e1vida \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-zuhab\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1639<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Tratado de Zuhab<\/h3><p>Fija la frontera otomano-saf\u00e1vida a trav\u00e9s de las tierras kurdas.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n otomano-saf\u00e1vida \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mem-u-zin\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1692<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Mem \u00fb Z\u00een, de Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/h3><p>La epopeya nacional kurda, le\u00edda a menudo como un llamamiento a la unidad kurda.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n otomano-saf\u00e1vida \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-bohtan\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1847<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Fin del emirato de Bohtan<\/h3><p>La centralizaci\u00f3n otomana derrota a Bedir Khan Beg. Los emiratos quedan abolidos.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Centralizaci\u00f3n otomana \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-kurdistan-newspaper\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1898<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Primer peri\u00f3dico kurdo<\/h3><p>Kurdistan se publica en El Cairo el 22 de abril de 1898. Esa fecha es hoy el D\u00eda del Periodismo Kurdo.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Centralizaci\u00f3n otomana \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-genocides-1915\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1915<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Genocidio armenio y el Sayfo<\/h3><p>Los historiadores documentan que algunas tribus kurdas participaron en las matanzas mientras otros kurdos protegieron a las v\u00edctimas; figuras pol\u00edticas kurdas lo reconocieron despu\u00e9s y pidieron perd\u00f3n.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Centralizaci\u00f3n otomana \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sevres\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1920<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Tratado de S\u00e8vres<\/h3><p>Los art\u00edculos 62 a 64 prev\u00e9n una autonom\u00eda kurda. Nunca se ratific\u00f3.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-mahmud\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1922<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">El reino del jeque Mahmud<\/h3><p>Se declara un Reino del Kurdist\u00e1n en Sulaimaniya y las fuerzas brit\u00e1nicas lo reprimen.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-lausanne\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1923<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Tratado de Lausana<\/h3><p>La Rep\u00fablica de Turqu\u00eda es reconocida sin disposiciones sobre los kurdos; las tierras kurdas est\u00e1n repartidas entre cuatro Estados.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-said\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1925<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Rebeli\u00f3n del jeque Said<\/h3><p>Levantamiento en Turqu\u00eda, seguido de represi\u00f3n militar, deportaciones y pol\u00edticas que negaron la identidad kurda, seg\u00fan lo documentan los historiadores.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hawar\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1932<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">La revista Hawar y el alfabeto latino del kurmanji<\/h3><p>Celadet y Kamuran Bedirxan publican Hawar en Damasco. El 15 de mayo es hoy el D\u00eda de la Lengua Kurda.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-dersim\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1937<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Masacres de Dersim y deportaciones sovi\u00e9ticas<\/h3><p>Las operaciones militares en Dersim (1937 a 1938) matan a miles de civiles y deportan a muchos m\u00e1s, seg\u00fan documentan los historiadores. La cifra de muertos se discute. En 1937 los kurdos del C\u00e1ucaso Sur son deportados a Asia Central.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mahabad\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1946<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Rep\u00fablica de Mahabad<\/h3><p>Proclamada el 22 de enero de 1946 bajo Qazi Muhammad. Cae ese mismo a\u00f1o, y \u00e9l es ahorcado en 1947.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Partici\u00f3n \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-september-revolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1961<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Revoluci\u00f3n de Septiembre en Irak; migraci\u00f3n laboral a Alemania<\/h3><p>Comienza el levantamiento de Mustafa Barzani. El acuerdo de contrataci\u00f3n entre Turqu\u00eda y Alemania Occidental inicia la migraci\u00f3n laboral.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra Fr\u00eda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasakah-census\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1962<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Censo de Hasaka en Siria<\/h3><p>Unos 120.000 kurdos son privados de la ciudadan\u00eda.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra Fr\u00eda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-autonomy-1970\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1970<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Acuerdo de autonom\u00eda kurda en Irak<\/h3><p>Firmado el 11 de marzo de 1970. Se derrumba tras el Acuerdo de Argel de 1975.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra Fr\u00eda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-coup-1980\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1980<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Golpe militar en Turqu\u00eda<\/h3><p>Detenciones masivas, torturas documentadas en la prisi\u00f3n de Diyarbak\u0131r y una oleada de exiliados pol\u00edticos a Europa.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra Fr\u00eda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-anfal\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1988<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Campa\u00f1a de Anfal y Halabja<\/h3><p>Ataque con armas qu\u00edmicas contra Halabja el 16 de marzo de 1988, dentro de la campa\u00f1a de Anfal (1986 a 1989) contra la poblaci\u00f3n civil kurda; el Alto Tribunal Penal de Irak dictamin\u00f3 en 2007 que Anfal fue un genocidio.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra Fr\u00eda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-uprising-1991\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1991<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Levantamiento y \u00e9xodo<\/h3><p>Unos 1,5 millones de personas huyen a Ir\u00e1n y Turqu\u00eda. La zona de seguridad conduce al autogobierno en la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mykonos\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1992<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Asesinatos del Mykonos, Berl\u00edn<\/h3><p>Cuatro figuras de la oposici\u00f3n kurda iran\u00ed son asesinadas en el restaurante Mykonos de Berl\u00edn; una sentencia de 1997 de un tribunal de Berl\u00edn atribuy\u00f3 la orden a la c\u00fapula dirigente de Ir\u00e1n.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-iraq-constitution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2005<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">La Constituci\u00f3n iraqu\u00ed reconoce la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n<\/h3><p>El kurdo pasa a ser lengua oficial de Irak.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-yazidi-genocide\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2014<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Genocidio yazid\u00ed en Shingal<\/h3><p>Ataque del EIIL a Shingal (Sinjar) el 3 de agosto de 2014: asesinatos en masa, secuestros y esclavizaci\u00f3n. La Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas sobre Siria lo calific\u00f3 de genocidio (2016).<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-referendum-2017\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2017<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Refer\u00e9ndum de independencia de la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n<\/h3><p>Celebrado el 25 de septiembre de 2017; las fuerzas federales iraqu\u00edes toman el control de Kirkuk el 16 de octubre.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jina-amini\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2022<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jina Amini y Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/h3><p>La muerte de Jina (Mahsa) Amini, una joven kurda de Saqqez, tras su detenci\u00f3n por la polic\u00eda de la moral de Ir\u00e1n, es seguida por protestas en todo el pa\u00eds bajo el lema kurdo Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-assad-falls\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2024<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Ca\u00edda del gobierno de Asad<\/h3><p>8 de diciembre de 2024; una nueva etapa para los kurdos en Siria.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-pkk-dissolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2025<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">El PKK anuncia su disoluci\u00f3n<\/h3><p>Informado el 12 de mayo de 2025, tras el llamamiento de Abdullah \u00d6calan del 27 de febrero de 2025; por verificar con fuentes primarias.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-syria-decree-2026\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2026<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Decreto sirio sobre los derechos de los kurdos<\/h3><p>Se inform\u00f3 en enero de 2026: se devuelve la ciudadan\u00eda a los kurdos ap\u00e1tridas y se reconoce el kurdo como lengua nacional. Por verificar.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Despu\u00e9s de 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Cita en preparaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><\/ol><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Timeline<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cTimeline.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_heritage_timeline,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Timeline},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_heritage_tim\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Timeline\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licencia <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"material\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Antes de empezar<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">La Organizaci\u00f3n de Cooperaci\u00f3n Kurda es una federaci\u00f3n de comunidades que aprenden unas de otras. No es una universidad, no reclama autoridad p\u00fablica y no sirve a ning\u00fan gobierno, partido ni entidad religiosa.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Las fuentes externas conservan sus propias licencias. Figurar en una lista o un enlace no implica respaldo.<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">C\u00f3mo trata esta p\u00e1gina la evidencia<\/h3><p>Cada cifra indica su medida, a\u00f1o, fuente y etiqueta. Lo desconocido se muestra como desconocido.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: el elemento coincide con su registro primario, como la tabla oficial o la entrada de Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Fuente secundaria<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: la cifra procede de un informe fiable sobre la fuente, no de la fuente misma.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Por verificar<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: el elemento figura tal como se encontr\u00f3 y a\u00fan debe cotejarse con su fuente.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Fuentes<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Registros acad\u00e9micos abiertos sobre este tema, de \u00edndices aprobados. Se enumeran como referencia y a\u00fan no se han revisado.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz (2026). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a>. International Journal of Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\">10.21600\/ijoks.1870377<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a>. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV). DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\">10.11576\/ijcv-5688<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a>. Kurdiname. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\">10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a> (2021). Cambridge University Press eBooks. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\">10.1017\/9781108623711<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a>. Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\">10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/corrections\/\">Notifique un error<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<section class=\"pf-section\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\">Investigaci\u00f3n y fuentes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabajos recientes y pertinentes sobre el tema de esta p\u00e1gina, de fuentes acad\u00e9micas abiertas aprobadas. Solo metadatos y enlaces. Los t\u00edtulos se mantienen tal como se publicaron. A\u00fan sin revisar.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 International Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-ND-2.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Kurdiname<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 Cambridge University Press eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Libro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjpas.35.3.22\" rel=\"noopener\">The Effect of Sex Differences and Family History as a Genetic Factors related to Autism Spectrum Disorder among Group of children in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region- Iraq.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Srwa S. Saleem, Nihad A. Ameen \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48350\/154965\" rel=\"noopener\">A Struggle within a Struggle: The History of the Kurdish Women\u2019s Liberation Movement.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Isabel Martina K\u00e4ser \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 University of Bern<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">restricted<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25330\/2141\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurdish spring, history in the making: where are the women?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salome Hirvaskoski \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 My University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Otro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004706552_004\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Linguistic History of Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Thomas J\u00fcgel \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies Archive<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sena.12437\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Women\u2019s Experience in Iraq: History, Politics and Literature<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Lolav M. Hassan Alhamid \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-137-56324-8_2\" rel=\"noopener\">Sunni, Shia, and Kurd: A Brief History of Islamism in Kurdistan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ali Ezzatyar \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23918\/vesal2021v18\" rel=\"noopener\">Teaching the History of Kurdistan through Visual Art<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 VESAL2021 Proceedings Book<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fuentes, licencias y fechas de consulta: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Constr\u00fayalo con nosotros\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Constr\u00fayalo con nosotros<\/h2><p>H\u00e1gase miembro o cu\u00e9ntenos qu\u00e9 necesita su ciudad. Usted elige qu\u00e9 comparte.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Afiliarse<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Su perfil<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Contacto<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Red\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" 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