{"id":194,"date":"2026-11-01T15:25:24","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:25:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T15:25:24","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:25:24","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/heritage\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Altro\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" 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height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/\" data-area=\"heritage\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Rete\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Rete\"><span>Rete<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Aree<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Accademia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Ogni campo del sapere, corsi in tutte le variet\u00e0 del curdo e comunit\u00e0 di pratica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">La storia dagli Zagros a oggi, la memoria, le fedi, le arti, la letteratura e la cucina.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Lingua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, curdo meridionale e gorani, in ogni scrittura.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Ricerca<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Studi curdi: l&#8217;osservatorio, liste di lettura e nuove ricerche.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Opportunit\u00e0<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Mezzi di sussistenza, competenze, lavoro, mentoring e ponti tra la diaspora e la regione.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Vita civica<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educazione civica, conoscenza dei diritti, sostegno alle persone apolidi e dialogo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Sviluppo<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programmi sociali, mezzi di sussistenza e preparazione ai disastri per le comunit\u00e0 curde.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/it\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Notizie ed eventi<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Notizie curde e regionali con ogni testata etichettata, e il calendario delle giornate curde.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/country-programmes\/\">Programmi nazionali<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/areas\/\">Aree di lavoro<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/calendar\/\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/the-community\/\">Comunit\u00e0 curde<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programmi nazionali\"><span>Programmi nazionali<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programmi nazionali<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/country-programmes\/\">Tutti i 35 programmi nazionali<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Questo sito\"><span>Questo sito<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/\">Patrimonio<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Cronologia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/calendar\/\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/faiths\/\">Fedi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/arts\/\">Arti<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/literature\/\">Letteratura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/food\/\">Cibo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/directory\/\">Elenco<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/take-part\/\">Partecipa<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Chi siamo\"><span>Chi siamo<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in 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1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Partecipa<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/membership\/\">Adesione<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Adesione e partecipazione<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/join\/\">Aderisci<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/get-involved\/\">Partecipa<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Modi di partecipare<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Note legali e sicurezza<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/it\/protected-participation\/\">Partecipazione protetta<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/it\/corrections\/\">Correzioni<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contatti<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/hi\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ko\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a 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d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Cronologia<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Dalla storia antica degli Zagros e del Tauro a oggi. Le date sono approssimative dove indicato.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header>\n<aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>Ogni evento \u00e8 in corso di citazione e verifica da parte di revisori esperti. Le storie controverse mostrano ogni posizione con le sue fonti.<\/p><\/aside>\n<figure class=\"pf-chrono\"><div class=\"pf-chrono__scroll\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1200 150\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Cronologia delle voci qui sotto, per epoca\"><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"0\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-gobekli-tepe\" aria-label=\"9500 a.C.: G\u00f6bekli Tepe\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"10\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>9500 a.C.: G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jarmo\" aria-label=\"7000 a.C.: Jarmo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"140\" x2=\"140\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"140\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>7000 a.C.: Jarmo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"2\" y=\"130\">Storia antica<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"2\" y=\"144\">9500 a.C.<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"150\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-carduchoi\" aria-label=\"401 a.C.: Senofonte incontra i Carduchi\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"225\" x2=\"225\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"225\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>401 a.C.: Senofonte incontra i Carduchi<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"152\" y=\"130\">Antichit\u00e0<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"152\" y=\"144\">401 a.C.<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"300\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-hasanwayhids\" aria-label=\"959: dinastia hasanwayhide\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"310\" x2=\"310\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"310\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>959: dinastia hasanwayhide<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-marwanids\" aria-label=\"990: dinastia marwanide\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"327.7\" x2=\"327.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"327.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>990: dinastia marwanide<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-saladin-jerusalem\" aria-label=\"1187: Saladino conquista Gerusalemme\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"440\" x2=\"440\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"440\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1187: Saladino conquista Gerusalemme<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"302\" y=\"130\">Dinastie medievali<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"302\" y=\"144\">959<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"450\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-chaldiran\" aria-label=\"1514: battaglia di Cialdiran\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"460\" x2=\"460\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"460\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1514: battaglia di Cialdiran<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sharafnama\" aria-label=\"1597: lo Sharafnama\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"520.6\" x2=\"520.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"520.6\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1597: lo Sharafnama<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-zuhab\" aria-label=\"1639: trattato di Zuhab\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"551.3\" x2=\"551.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"551.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1639: trattato di Zuhab<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mem-u-zin\" aria-label=\"1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een di Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"590\" x2=\"590\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"590\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een di Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"452\" y=\"130\">Spartizione tra ottomani e safavidi<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"452\" y=\"144\">1514<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"600\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-bohtan\" aria-label=\"1847: fine dell'emirato di Bohtan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"610\" x2=\"610\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"610\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1847: fine dell&#8217;emirato di Bohtan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-kurdistan-newspaper\" aria-label=\"1898: il primo giornale curdo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"707.5\" x2=\"707.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"707.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1898: il primo giornale curdo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-genocides-1915\" aria-label=\"1915: genocidio armeno e Sayfo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"740\" x2=\"740\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"740\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1915: genocidio armeno e Sayfo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"602\" y=\"130\">Centralizzazione ottomana<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"602\" y=\"144\">1847<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"750\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-sevres\" aria-label=\"1920: trattato di S\u00e8vres\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"760\" x2=\"760\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"760\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1920: trattato di S\u00e8vres<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-mahmud\" aria-label=\"1922: il regno dello sceicco Mahmud\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"770\" x2=\"770\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"770\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1922: il regno dello sceicco Mahmud<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-lausanne\" aria-label=\"1923: trattato di Losanna\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"775\" x2=\"775\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"775\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1923: trattato di Losanna<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-said\" aria-label=\"1925: rivolta dello sceicco Said\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"785\" x2=\"785\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"785\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1925: rivolta dello sceicco Said<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hawar\" aria-label=\"1932: la rivista Hawar e l'alfabeto latino del kurmanji\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"820\" x2=\"820\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"820\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1932: la rivista Hawar e l&#8217;alfabeto latino del kurmanji<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-dersim\" aria-label=\"1937: massacri di Dersim e deportazioni sovietiche\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"845\" x2=\"845\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"845\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1937: massacri di Dersim e deportazioni sovietiche<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mahabad\" aria-label=\"1946: Repubblica di Mahabad\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"890\" x2=\"890\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"890\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1946: Repubblica di Mahabad<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"752\" y=\"130\">Spartizione<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"752\" y=\"144\">1920<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"900\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-september-revolution\" aria-label=\"1961: Rivoluzione di settembre in Iraq; migrazione per lavoro verso la Germania\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"910\" x2=\"910\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"910\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1961: Rivoluzione di settembre in Iraq; migrazione per lavoro verso la Germania<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hasakah-census\" aria-label=\"1962: censimento di Hasakah in Siria\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"914.8\" x2=\"914.8\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"914.8\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1962: censimento di Hasakah in Siria<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-autonomy-1970\" aria-label=\"1970: accordo di autonomia curda in Iraq\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"953.3\" x2=\"953.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"953.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1970: accordo di autonomia curda in Iraq<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-coup-1980\" aria-label=\"1980: colpo di Stato militare in Turchia\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1001.5\" x2=\"1001.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1001.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1980: colpo di Stato militare in Turchia<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-anfal\" aria-label=\"1988: campagna di Anfal e Halabja\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1040\" x2=\"1040\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1040\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1988: campagna di Anfal e Halabja<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"902\" y=\"130\">Guerra fredda<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"902\" y=\"144\">1961<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"1050\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-uprising-1991\" aria-label=\"1991: rivolta ed esodo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1060\" x2=\"1060\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1060\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1991: rivolta ed esodo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mykonos\" aria-label=\"1992: omicidi del Mykonos, Berlino\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1063.7\" x2=\"1063.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1063.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1992: omicidi del Mykonos, Berlino<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-iraq-constitution\" aria-label=\"2005: la costituzione irachena riconosce la Regione del Kurdistan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1112\" x2=\"1112\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1112\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2005: la costituzione irachena riconosce la Regione del Kurdistan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-yazidi-genocide\" aria-label=\"2014: genocidio degli yazidi a Shingal\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1145.4\" x2=\"1145.4\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1145.4\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2014: genocidio degli yazidi a Shingal<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-referendum-2017\" aria-label=\"2017: referendum sull'indipendenza della Regione del Kurdistan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1156.6\" x2=\"1156.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1156.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2017: referendum sull&#8217;indipendenza della Regione del Kurdistan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jina-amini\" aria-label=\"2022: Jina Amini e Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1175.1\" x2=\"1175.1\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1175.1\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2022: Jina Amini e Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-assad-falls\" aria-label=\"2024: caduta del governo di Assad\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1182.6\" x2=\"1182.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1182.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2024: caduta del governo di Assad<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-pkk-dissolution\" aria-label=\"2025: il PKK annuncia lo scioglimento\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1186.3\" x2=\"1186.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1186.3\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2025: il PKK annuncia lo scioglimento<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-syria-decree-2026\" aria-label=\"2026: decreto siriano sui diritti dei curdi\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1190\" x2=\"1190\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1190\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2026: decreto siriano sui diritti dei curdi<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"1052\" y=\"130\">Dopo il 1991<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"1052\" y=\"144\">1991<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/figure>\n<section class=\"pf-scn\" data-pf-scn=\"history\" aria-label=\"Come viene rivista una voce di storia\">\n<header class=\"pf-scn__head\"><div><p class=\"pf-scn__eb\">Processo<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-scn__title\">Come viene rivista una voce di storia<\/h3><p class=\"pf-scn__lede\">Ogni voce \u00e8 citata e rivista. Le storie controverse mostrano ogni parte con le fonti.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-scn__status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span class=\"pf-scn__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span data-scn-status>5 passi<\/span><\/p><\/header>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__bar\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"play\">Esecuzione<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"prev\" aria-label=\"Passo precedente\">\u2039<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"next\" aria-label=\"Passo successivo\">\u203a<\/button><input class=\"pf-scn__scrub\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"5\" value=\"0\" step=\"1\" aria-label=\"Passo\"><span class=\"pf-scn__count\" data-scn-count>0 \/ 5<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reimposta\">Reimposta<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__body\"><div class=\"pf-scn__stage\"><svg class=\"pf-scn__svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 604 442\" width=\"604\" height=\"442\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Come viene rivista una voce di storia: 5 passi\"><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"20\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"32\" y=\"30\">Autore<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"212\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"224\" y=\"30\">Comitato scientifico<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"404\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"416\" y=\"30\">Cronologia<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M110 106 L110 122\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"2\"><path d=\"M198 151 C206 151 206 225 214 225\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge pf-scn__edge--return\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M390 225 C408 225 408 151 198 151\"><\/path><text x=\"412\" y=\"188\">altre fonti<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"3\"><path d=\"M302 254 L302 270\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"4\"><path d=\"M390 299 C398 299 398 373 406 373\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--start\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"48\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 70)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"68\">01 \u00b7 Avvio<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"88\">Voce redatta<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--record\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"122\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 144)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"142\">02 \u00b7 Registrazione<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"162\">Fonti allegate<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--gate\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"196\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 218)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"216\">03 \u00b7 Verifica<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"236\">Revisione scientifica<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--decision\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"270\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 292)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"290\">04 \u00b7 Decisione<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"310\">Controverso?<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--end\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"406\" y=\"344\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(426 366)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"442\" y=\"364\">05 \u00b7 Esito<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"442\" y=\"384\">Pubblicato<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"pf-scn__side\"><p class=\"pf-scn__side-h\">Registro delle esecuzioni<\/p><ol class=\"pf-scn__steps\"><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">01 \u00b7 Autore<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Voce redatta<\/h4><p>Anno, titolo e una breve sintesi. Le date approssimative sono indicate.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">02 \u00b7 Autore<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Fonti allegate<\/h4><p>Ogni affermazione riporta la sua fonte.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">03 \u00b7 Comitato scientifico<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Revisione scientifica<\/h4><p>Il comitato controlla le fonti e la formulazione.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">04 \u00b7 Comitato scientifico<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Controverso?<\/h4><p>Dove gli storici non sono d&#8217;accordo, ogni parte \u00e8 mostrata con le sue fonti.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">05 \u00b7 Cronologia<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Pubblicato<\/h4><p>La voce perde l&#8217;indicazione &quot;citazione in preparazione&quot;.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-scn__src\">La nota di revisione sulla cronologia.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<ol class=\"pf-timeline\"><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-gobekli-tepe\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">9500 a.C. ca.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/h3><p>Recinti monumentali vicino a Urfa: profondo patrimonio umano delle terre in cui vivono oggi i curdi.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Storia antica \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jarmo\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">7000 a.C. ca.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jarmo<\/h3><p>Uno dei primi villaggi agricoli, ai piedi degli Zagros.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Storia antica \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-carduchoi\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">401 a.C.<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Senofonte incontra i Carduchi<\/h3><p>L&#8217;Anabasi descrive il popolo montanaro dei Carduchi, spesso collegato alla Corduene.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Antichit\u00e0 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasanwayhids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">959<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dinastia hasanwayhide<\/h3><p>Dinastia curda degli Zagros, intorno a Dinawar e Kermanshah.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dinastie medievali \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-marwanids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">990<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dinastia marwanide<\/h3><p>Dinastia curda di Diyarbak\u0131r (Amed) e Silvan, protettrice del sapere.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dinastie medievali \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-saladin-jerusalem\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1187<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Saladino conquista Gerusalemme<\/h3><p>Salah al-Din, di una famiglia curda di Dvin, fondatore della dinastia ayyubide.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dinastie medievali \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-chaldiran\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1514<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Battaglia di Cialdiran<\/h3><p>La vittoria ottomana sui Safavidi d\u00e0 inizio alla divisione delle terre curde tra due imperi.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione tra ottomani e safavidi \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sharafnama\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1597<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Lo Sharafnama<\/h3><p>Sharaf Khan Bidlisi scrive la prima storia dei curdi, in persiano.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione tra ottomani e safavidi \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-zuhab\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1639<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Trattato di Zuhab<\/h3><p>Fissa la frontiera ottomano-safavide attraverso le terre curde.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione tra ottomani e safavidi \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mem-u-zin\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1692<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Mem \u00fb Z\u00een di Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/h3><p>L&#8217;epopea nazionale curda, spesso letta come un appello all&#8217;unit\u00e0 curda.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione tra ottomani e safavidi \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-bohtan\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1847<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Fine dell&#8217;emirato di Bohtan<\/h3><p>La centralizzazione ottomana sconfigge Bedir Khan Beg. Gli emirati vengono aboliti.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Centralizzazione ottomana \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-kurdistan-newspaper\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1898<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Il primo giornale curdo<\/h3><p>Il giornale Kurdistan esce al Cairo il 22 aprile 1898. Oggi quella data \u00e8 la Giornata del giornalismo curdo.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Centralizzazione ottomana \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-genocides-1915\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1915<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Genocidio armeno e Sayfo<\/h3><p>Gli storici documentano che alcune trib\u00f9 curde presero parte alle uccisioni, mentre altri curdi diedero rifugio alle vittime; in seguito esponenti politici curdi lo hanno riconosciuto e hanno chiesto scusa.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Centralizzazione ottomana \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sevres\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1920<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Trattato di S\u00e8vres<\/h3><p>Gli articoli da 62 a 64 prevedono un&#8217;autonomia curda. Non sono mai stati ratificati.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-mahmud\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1922<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Il regno dello sceicco Mahmud<\/h3><p>Un Regno del Kurdistan viene proclamato a Sulaymaniyah e soppresso dalle forze britanniche.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-lausanne\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1923<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Trattato di Losanna<\/h3><p>La Repubblica di Turchia \u00e8 riconosciuta senza disposizioni sui curdi. Le terre curde sono divise tra quattro Stati.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-said\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1925<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Rivolta dello sceicco Said<\/h3><p>Rivolta in Turchia, seguita da repressione militare, deportazioni e politiche che negavano l&#8217;identit\u00e0 curda, come la documentano gli storici.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hawar\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1932<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">La rivista Hawar e l&#8217;alfabeto latino del kurmanji<\/h3><p>Celadet e Kamuran Bedirxan pubblicano Hawar a Damasco. Il 15 maggio \u00e8 oggi la Giornata della lingua curda.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-dersim\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1937<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Massacri di Dersim e deportazioni sovietiche<\/h3><p>Le operazioni militari a Dersim (1937-1938) uccidono migliaia di civili e ne deportano molti altri, come documentato dagli storici; il numero dei morti \u00e8 contestato. Nel 1937 i curdi del Caucaso meridionale sono deportati in Asia centrale.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mahabad\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1946<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Repubblica di Mahabad<\/h3><p>Proclamata il 22 gennaio 1946 sotto Qazi Muhammad. Cade entro l&#8217;anno e lui viene impiccato nel 1947.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Spartizione \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-september-revolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1961<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Rivoluzione di settembre in Iraq; migrazione per lavoro verso la Germania<\/h3><p>Inizia la rivolta di Mustafa Barzani. L&#8217;accordo di reclutamento tra Turchia e Germania Ovest avvia la migrazione per lavoro.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra fredda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasakah-census\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1962<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Censimento di Hasakah in Siria<\/h3><p>Circa 120.000 curdi vengono privati della cittadinanza.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra fredda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-autonomy-1970\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1970<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Accordo di autonomia curda in Iraq<\/h3><p>Firmato l&#8217;11 marzo 1970. Crolla dopo l&#8217;Accordo di Algeri del 1975.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra fredda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-coup-1980\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1980<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Colpo di Stato militare in Turchia<\/h3><p>Arresti di massa, torture documentate nella prigione di Diyarbak\u0131r e un&#8217;ondata di esuli politici verso l&#8217;Europa.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra fredda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-anfal\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1988<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Campagna di Anfal e Halabja<\/h3><p>Attacco con armi chimiche a Halabja il 16 marzo 1988, nell&#8217;ambito della campagna di Anfal (1986-1989) contro i civili curdi; nel 2007 l&#8217;Alta Corte irachena ha definito l&#8217;Anfal un genocidio.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Guerra fredda \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-uprising-1991\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1991<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Rivolta ed esodo<\/h3><p>Circa 1,5 milioni di persone fuggono in Iran e in Turchia; la zona di sicurezza porta all&#8217;autogoverno nella Regione del Kurdistan.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mykonos\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1992<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Omicidi del Mykonos, Berlino<\/h3><p>Quattro esponenti dell&#8217;opposizione curda iraniana vengono uccisi al ristorante Mykonos di Berlino; la sentenza di un tribunale di Berlino del 1997 attribu\u00ec l&#8217;ordine ai vertici dell&#8217;Iran.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-iraq-constitution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2005<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">La costituzione irachena riconosce la Regione del Kurdistan<\/h3><p>Il curdo diventa lingua ufficiale dell&#8217;Iraq.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-yazidi-genocide\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2014<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Genocidio degli yazidi a Shingal<\/h3><p>Attacco a Shingal (Sinjar) da parte dell&#8217;ISIL il 3 agosto 2014: uccisioni di massa, rapimenti e riduzione in schiavit\u00f9. La Commissione d&#8217;inchiesta delle Nazioni Unite sulla Siria lo ha qualificato come genocidio (2016).<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-referendum-2017\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2017<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Referendum sull&#8217;indipendenza della Regione del Kurdistan<\/h3><p>Si tiene il 25 settembre 2017; le forze federali irachene prendono il controllo di Kirkuk il 16 ottobre.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jina-amini\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2022<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jina Amini e Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/h3><p>La morte di Jina (Mahsa) Amini, giovane donna curda di Saqqez, dopo l&#8217;arresto da parte della polizia morale iraniana, \u00e8 seguita da proteste in tutto il Paese sotto lo slogan curdo Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-assad-falls\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2024<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Caduta del governo di Assad<\/h3><p>8 dicembre 2024; una nuova fase per i curdi in Siria.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-pkk-dissolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2025<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Il PKK annuncia lo scioglimento<\/h3><p>Riportato il 12 maggio 2025, dopo l&#8217;appello di Abdullah \u00d6calan del 27 febbraio 2025; da verificare con le fonti primarie.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-syria-decree-2026\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2026<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Decreto siriano sui diritti dei curdi<\/h3><p>Riportato nel gennaio 2026: cittadinanza restituita ai curdi apolidi e curdo riconosciuto come lingua nazionale; da verificare.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dopo il 1991 \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Citazione in preparazione<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><\/ol><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Cita questa pagina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Timeline<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copia<\/span><span hidden>Copiato<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cTimeline.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copia<\/span><span hidden>Copiato<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_heritage_timeline,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Timeline},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copia<\/span><span hidden>Copiato<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\">Scarica <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_heritage_tim\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Timeline\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copia<\/span><span hidden>Copiato<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\">Scarica <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licenza <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"material\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Prima di iniziare<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">L&#8217;Organizzazione di cooperazione curda \u00e8 una federazione di comunit\u00e0 che imparano le une dalle altre. Non \u00e8 un&#8217;universit\u00e0, non rivendica alcuna autorit\u00e0 pubblica e non serve alcun governo, partito o ente religioso.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Le fonti esterne mantengono le proprie licenze. Un elenco o un link non \u00e8 un sostegno.<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Come questa pagina tratta le prove<\/h3><p>Ogni dato riporta la sua misura, l&#8217;anno, la fonte e l&#8217;etichetta. Ci\u00f2 che non \u00e8 noto \u00e8 indicato come non noto.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificato<\/span><\/dt><dd>Un&#8217;etichetta: l&#8217;elemento corrisponde al suo record primario, come la tabella ufficiale o la voce Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Fonte secondaria<\/span><\/dt><dd>Un&#8217;etichetta: il dato proviene da un rapporto affidabile sulla fonte, non dalla fonte stessa.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Da verificare<\/span><\/dt><dd>Un&#8217;etichetta: l&#8217;elemento \u00e8 elencato cos\u00ec come \u00e8 stato trovato e deve ancora essere verificato sulla sua fonte.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Fonti<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Record scientifici aperti su questo tema, da indici approvati. Elencati come riferimento, non ancora revisionati.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz (2026). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a>. International Journal of Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\">10.21600\/ijoks.1870377<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a>. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV). DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\">10.11576\/ijcv-5688<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a>. Kurdiname. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\">10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a> (2021). Cambridge University Press eBooks. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\">10.1017\/9781108623711<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a>. Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\">10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Cita questa pagina<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/it\/corrections\/\">Segnala un errore<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Cosa siamo e cosa non siamo<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<section class=\"pf-section\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\">Ricerca e fonti<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Lavori recenti e pertinenti sul tema di questa pagina, da fonti scientifiche aperte approvate. Solo metadati e link. I titoli restano come pubblicati. Non ancora revisionato.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 International Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Articolo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Articolo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Accesso aperto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-ND-2.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Kurdiname<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Articolo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 Cambridge University Press eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Libro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Articolo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjpas.35.3.22\" rel=\"noopener\">The Effect of Sex Differences and Family History as a Genetic Factors related to Autism Spectrum Disorder among Group of children in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region- Iraq.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Srwa S. Saleem, Nihad A. Ameen \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Articolo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Accesso aperto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48350\/154965\" rel=\"noopener\">A Struggle within a Struggle: The History of the Kurdish Women\u2019s Liberation Movement.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Isabel Martina K\u00e4ser \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 University of Bern<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Sezione<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">restricted<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25330\/2141\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurdish spring, history in the making: where are the women?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salome Hirvaskoski \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 My University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Altro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004706552_004\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Linguistic History of Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Thomas J\u00fcgel \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies Archive<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Sezione<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sena.12437\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Women\u2019s Experience in Iraq: History, Politics and Literature<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Lolav M. Hassan Alhamid \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Articolo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-137-56324-8_2\" rel=\"noopener\">Sunni, Shia, and Kurd: A Brief History of Islamism in Kurdistan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ali Ezzatyar \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Sezione<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23918\/vesal2021v18\" rel=\"noopener\">Teaching the History of Kurdistan through Visual Art<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 VESAL2021 Proceedings Book<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Articolo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fonti, licenze e date di raccolta: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Costruiamolo insieme\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Costruiamolo insieme<\/h2><p>Diventa socio, o dicci di cosa ha bisogno la tua citt\u00e0. 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ko\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Versione dello statuto<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">L&#8217;Organizzazione di cooperazione curda \u00e8 una rete indipendente di formazione e sviluppo tra pari delle comunit\u00e0 curde. Non \u00e8 un&#8217;universit\u00e0 e non rivendica alcuna autorit\u00e0 pubblica. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su questa rete: cosa siamo e cosa non siamo<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOPatrimonio Rete Aree 01Accademia Ogni campo del sapere, corsi in tutte le variet\u00e0 del curdo e comunit\u00e0 di pratica. 02Patrimonio La storia dagli Zagros a oggi, la memoria, le &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Timeline&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":50,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-194","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=194"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/194\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/50"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}