{"id":210,"date":"2026-11-01T15:25:56","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T15:25:56","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:25:56","slug":"timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/heritage\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Z\u00eadetir\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" 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width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/\" data-area=\"heritage\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>M\u00eeras<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Tor\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Tor\"><span>Tor<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Be\u015f<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akadem\u00ee<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Her qada zan\u00een\u00ea, kurs bi hem\u00fb zaravay\u00ean Kurd\u00ee, \u00fb civak\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ea.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>M\u00eeras<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">D\u00eerok ji Zagros\u00ea heta \u00eero, b\u00eer, bawer\u00ee, huner, w\u00eaje \u00fb xwarin.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Ziman<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanc\u00ee, Soran\u00ee, Zazak\u00ee, Kurdiya Ba\u015f\u00fbr \u00fb Goran\u00ee, bi hem\u00fb alfabeyan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>L\u00eakol\u00een<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurdoloj\u00ee: \u00e7avd\u00earxane, l\u00eestey\u00ean xwendin\u00ea \u00fb l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean n\u00fb.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Derfet<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Debar, j\u00eahat\u00eeb\u00fbn, kar, r\u00eaber\u00ee \u00fb pir\u00ean di navbera diyasporay\u00ea \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ea de.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Welat\u00eeb\u00fbn<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Perwerdeya welat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea, zan\u00eena mafan, al\u00eekar\u00ee ji bo b\u00eadewletiy\u00ea \u00fb diyalog.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>P\u00ea\u015fketin<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Bernamey\u00ean civak\u00ee, debar \u00fb amadeb\u00fbna li hember karesatan ji bo civak\u00ean Kurd.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>N\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb b\u00fbyer<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">N\u00fb\u00e7ey\u00ean Kurd\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee ku her dezgeh t\u00ea de et\u00eeketkir\u00ee ye, \u00fb salnameya roj\u00ean Kurd\u00ee.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\">Destp\u00eak<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/areas\/\">Be\u015f\u00ean xebat\u00ea<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/calendar\/\">Salname<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/the-community\/\">Civak\u00ean Kurd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Bernamey\u00ean welatan\"><span>Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\">Hem\u00fb 35 bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Ev malper\"><span>Ev malper<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/\">M\u00eeras<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/\" aria-current=\"page\">R\u00eaza dem\u00ea<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/calendar\/\">Salname<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/faiths\/\">Bawer\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/arts\/\">Huner<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/literature\/\">W\u00eaje<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/food\/\">Xwarin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/directory\/\">R\u00eaber<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/take-part\/\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Derbar\u00ea me\"><span>Derbar\u00ea me<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Derbar\u00ea me<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Derbar\u00ea me<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/federation\/\">Federasyon<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Federasyon \u00e7awa dixebite<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/the-community\/\">Civak\u00ean Kurd<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea tor\u00ea de: em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Peymanname<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/membership\/\">Endamt\u00ee<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Endamt\u00ee \u00fb be\u015fdarb\u00fbn<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\">Tevl\u00ee bibin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/get-involved\/\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">R\u00eay\u00ean be\u015fdarb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Yasay\u00ee \u00fb ewleh\u00ee<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/protected-participation\/\">Be\u015fdariya parast\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/corrections\/\">Rastkirin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00eakil\u00ee<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"L\u00eager\u00een  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">L\u00eager\u00een<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">L\u00eager\u00een<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"Di v\u00ea malper\u00ea de bigerin\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">L\u00eager\u00een<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Hesab\" data-tip=\"Hesab\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Hesab<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fkmr%2Fstart%2F\">T\u00eakeve<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=kmr\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Endam bibin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Prof\u00eela te<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/start\/\">Panel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">M\u00eeheng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Dani\u015f\u00een\u00ean we<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Derkeve<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Ziman\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Ziman<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">KMR<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ckb\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fa\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/tr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/az\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/hi\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ko\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/timeline\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Pergal\" data-tip=\"Pergal\" data-l-light=\"Ron\u00ee\" data-l-dark=\"Tar\u00ee\" data-l-system=\"Pergal\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" 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Ji aliy\u00ea ax\u00eaver\u00ean ziman\u00ea zikmak\u00ee ve t\u00ea kontrolkirin; r\u00fbpela bi \u00cengil\u00eez\u00ee referans e.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"\u015eopa r\u00fbpel\u00ea\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/\">M\u00eeras<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">R\u00eaza dem\u00ea<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>M\u00eeras<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">R\u00eaza dem\u00ea<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Ji d\u00eeroka k\u00fbr a Zagros \u00fb Toros\u00ea heta \u00eero. Li cih\u00ea ku hatiye n\u00ee\u015fankirin d\u00eerok n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee ne.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header>\n<aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>Her b\u00fbyer ji aliy\u00ea vekoler\u00ean pispor ve bi j\u00eaderan t\u00ea gir\u00eadan \u00fb kontrolkirin. D\u00eerok\u00ean nakok her aliyek\u00ee bi \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean w\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin.<\/p><\/aside>\n<figure class=\"pf-chrono\"><div class=\"pf-chrono__scroll\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1200 150\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"R\u00eaza dem\u00ea ya tomar\u00ean li j\u00ear, li gor\u00ee serdem\u00ea\"><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"0\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-gobekli-tepe\" aria-label=\"9500 BZ: G\u00f6bekli Tepe\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"10\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>9500 BZ: G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jarmo\" aria-label=\"7000 BZ: Jarmo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"140\" x2=\"140\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"140\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>7000 BZ: Jarmo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"2\" y=\"130\">D\u00eeroka k\u00fbr<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"2\" y=\"144\">9500 BZ<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"150\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-carduchoi\" aria-label=\"401 BZ: Xenofon rast\u00ee Kard\u00fbxan t\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"225\" x2=\"225\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"225\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>401 BZ: Xenofon rast\u00ee Kard\u00fbxan t\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"152\" y=\"130\">Serdema kevnar<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"152\" y=\"144\">401 BZ<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"300\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-hasanwayhids\" aria-label=\"959: Xanedana Hesenweyh\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"310\" x2=\"310\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"310\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>959: Xanedana Hesenweyh\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-marwanids\" aria-label=\"990: Xanedana Merwan\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"327.7\" x2=\"327.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"327.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>990: Xanedana Merwan\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-saladin-jerusalem\" aria-label=\"1187: Selahed\u00een Quds\u00ea digire\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"440\" x2=\"440\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"440\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1187: Selahed\u00een Quds\u00ea digire<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"302\" y=\"130\">Xanedan\u00ean serdema nav\u00een<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"302\" y=\"144\">959<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"450\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-chaldiran\" aria-label=\"1514: \u015eer\u00ea \u00c7aldiran\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"460\" x2=\"460\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"460\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1514: \u015eer\u00ea \u00c7aldiran\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sharafnama\" aria-label=\"1597: \u015eerefname\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"520.6\" x2=\"520.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"520.6\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1597: \u015eerefname<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-zuhab\" aria-label=\"1639: Peymana Zehaw\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"551.3\" x2=\"551.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"551.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1639: Peymana Zehaw\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mem-u-zin\" aria-label=\"1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een a Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"590\" x2=\"590\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"590\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1692: Mem \u00fb Z\u00een a Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"452\" y=\"130\">Dabe\u015fkirina Osman\u00ee \u00fb Sefew\u00ee<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"452\" y=\"144\">1514<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"600\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-bohtan\" aria-label=\"1847: Dawiya m\u00eerni\u015f\u00eeniya Botan\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"610\" x2=\"610\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"610\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1847: Dawiya m\u00eerni\u015f\u00eeniya Botan\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-kurdistan-newspaper\" aria-label=\"1898: Rojnameya Kurd\u00ee ya yekem\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"707.5\" x2=\"707.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"707.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1898: Rojnameya Kurd\u00ee ya yekem<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-genocides-1915\" aria-label=\"1915: Jenos\u00eeda Ermeniyan \u00fb Seyfo\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"740\" x2=\"740\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"740\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1915: Jenos\u00eeda Ermeniyan \u00fb Seyfo<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"602\" y=\"130\">Navend\u00eekirina Osman\u00ee<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"602\" y=\"144\">1847<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"750\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-sevres\" aria-label=\"1920: Peymana S\u00e8vres\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"760\" x2=\"760\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"760\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1920: Peymana S\u00e8vres\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-mahmud\" aria-label=\"1922: Keyaniya \u015e\u00eax Mehm\u00fbd\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"770\" x2=\"770\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"770\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1922: Keyaniya \u015e\u00eax Mehm\u00fbd<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-lausanne\" aria-label=\"1923: Peymana Lozan\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"775\" x2=\"775\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"775\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1923: Peymana Lozan\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-sheikh-said\" aria-label=\"1925: Serhildana \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"785\" x2=\"785\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"785\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1925: Serhildana \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hawar\" aria-label=\"1932: Kovara Hawar \u00fb alfabeya Lat\u00een\u00ee ya Kurmanc\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"820\" x2=\"820\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"820\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1932: Kovara Hawar \u00fb alfabeya Lat\u00een\u00ee ya Kurmanc\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-dersim\" aria-label=\"1937: Komkujiy\u00ean Dersim\u00ea \u00fb sirg\u00fbnkirin\u00ean Sovyet\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"845\" x2=\"845\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"845\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1937: Komkujiy\u00ean Dersim\u00ea \u00fb sirg\u00fbnkirin\u00ean Sovyet\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mahabad\" aria-label=\"1946: Komara Mehabad\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"890\" x2=\"890\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"890\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1946: Komara Mehabad\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"752\" y=\"130\">Dabe\u015fkirin<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"752\" y=\"144\">1920<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-0\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"900\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-september-revolution\" aria-label=\"1961: \u015eore\u015fa \u00celon\u00ea li Iraq\u00ea; ko\u00e7beriya ked\u00ea ber bi Almanyay\u00ea ve\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"910\" x2=\"910\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"910\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1961: \u015eore\u015fa \u00celon\u00ea li Iraq\u00ea; ko\u00e7beriya ked\u00ea ber bi Almanyay\u00ea ve<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-hasakah-census\" aria-label=\"1962: Serjim\u00eariya Hesek\u00ea li S\u00fbriyey\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"914.8\" x2=\"914.8\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"914.8\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1962: Serjim\u00eariya Hesek\u00ea li S\u00fbriyey\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-autonomy-1970\" aria-label=\"1970: Peymana xweseriy\u00ea ya Iraq \u00fb Kurdan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"953.3\" x2=\"953.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"953.3\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1970: Peymana xweseriy\u00ea ya Iraq \u00fb Kurdan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-coup-1980\" aria-label=\"1980: Derbeya le\u015fker\u00ee li Tirkiyey\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1001.5\" x2=\"1001.5\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1001.5\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1980: Derbeya le\u015fker\u00ee li Tirkiyey\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-anfal\" aria-label=\"1988: Kampanyaya Enfal\u00ea \u00fb Helebce\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1040\" x2=\"1040\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1040\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1988: Kampanyaya Enfal\u00ea \u00fb Helebce<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"902\" y=\"130\">\u015eer\u00ea Sar<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"902\" y=\"144\">1961<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-chrono__era pf-tone-1\"><rect class=\"pf-chrono__band\" x=\"1050\" y=\"104\" width=\"148\" height=\"8\" rx=\"2\"><\/rect><a href=\"#ev-uprising-1991\" aria-label=\"1991: Serhildan \u00fb ko\u00e7a mezin\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1060\" x2=\"1060\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1060\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1991: Serhildan \u00fb ko\u00e7a mezin<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-mykonos\" aria-label=\"1992: Ku\u015ftin\u00ean Mykonos\u00ea, Berl\u00een\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1063.7\" x2=\"1063.7\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1063.7\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>1992: Ku\u015ftin\u00ean Mykonos\u00ea, Berl\u00een<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-iraq-constitution\" aria-label=\"2005: Dest\u00fbra Iraq\u00ea Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea nas dike\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1112\" x2=\"1112\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1112\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2005: Dest\u00fbra Iraq\u00ea Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea nas dike<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-yazidi-genocide\" aria-label=\"2014: Jenos\u00eeda \u00caz\u00eediyan li \u015eengal\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1145.4\" x2=\"1145.4\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1145.4\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2014: Jenos\u00eeda \u00caz\u00eediyan li \u015eengal\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-referendum-2017\" aria-label=\"2017: Referand\u00fbma serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea ya Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1156.6\" x2=\"1156.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1156.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2017: Referand\u00fbma serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea ya Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-jina-amini\" aria-label=\"2022: Jina Em\u00een\u00ee \u00fb Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1175.1\" x2=\"1175.1\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1175.1\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2022: Jina Em\u00een\u00ee \u00fb Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-assad-falls\" aria-label=\"2024: Hilwe\u015f\u00eena hik\u00fbmeta Esed\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1182.6\" x2=\"1182.6\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1182.6\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2024: Hilwe\u015f\u00eena hik\u00fbmeta Esed<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-pkk-dissolution\" aria-label=\"2025: PKK hilwe\u015fandina xwe radigih\u00eene\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1186.3\" x2=\"1186.3\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"64\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1186.3\" cy=\"64\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2025: PKK hilwe\u015fandina xwe radigih\u00eene<\/title><\/circle><\/a><a href=\"#ev-syria-decree-2026\" aria-label=\"2026: Biryarnameya S\u00fbriyey\u00ea li ser maf\u00ean Kurdan\"><line class=\"pf-chrono__stem\" x1=\"1190\" x2=\"1190\" y1=\"104\" y2=\"50\"><\/line><circle class=\"pf-chrono__dot pf-chrono__dot--pending\" cx=\"1190\" cy=\"50\" r=\"4.5\"><title>2026: Biryarnameya S\u00fbriyey\u00ea li ser maf\u00ean Kurdan<\/title><\/circle><\/a><text class=\"pf-chrono__name\" x=\"1052\" y=\"130\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea<\/text><text class=\"pf-chrono__year\" x=\"1052\" y=\"144\">1991<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/figure>\n<section class=\"pf-scn\" data-pf-scn=\"history\" aria-label=\"Tomareke d\u00eerok\u00ea \u00e7awa t\u00ea nirxandin\">\n<header class=\"pf-scn__head\"><div><p class=\"pf-scn__eb\">P\u00eavajo<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-scn__title\">Tomareke d\u00eerok\u00ea \u00e7awa t\u00ea nirxandin<\/h3><p class=\"pf-scn__lede\">Her tomar bi \u00e7avkan\u00ee ye \u00fb t\u00ea nirxandin. D\u00eerok\u00ean nakok her aliy\u00ee bi \u00e7avkaniyan n\u00ee\u015fan didin.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-scn__status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span class=\"pf-scn__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span data-scn-status>5 gav<\/span><\/p><\/header>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__bar\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"play\">Bir\u00eave bibin<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"prev\" aria-label=\"Gava ber\u00ea\">\u2039<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"next\" aria-label=\"Gava din\">\u203a<\/button><input class=\"pf-scn__scrub\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"5\" value=\"0\" step=\"1\" aria-label=\"Gav\"><span class=\"pf-scn__count\" data-scn-count>0 \/ 5<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Ji n\u00fb ve saz bikin\">Ji n\u00fb ve saz bikin<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__body\"><div class=\"pf-scn__stage\"><svg class=\"pf-scn__svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 604 442\" width=\"604\" height=\"442\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Tomareke d\u00eerok\u00ea \u00e7awa t\u00ea nirxandin: 5 gav\"><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"20\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"32\" y=\"30\">Niv\u00eeskar<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"212\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"224\" y=\"30\">Desteya zanist\u00ee<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"404\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"426\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"416\" y=\"30\">R\u00eaza dem\u00ea<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M110 106 L110 122\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"2\"><path d=\"M198 151 C206 151 206 225 214 225\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge pf-scn__edge--return\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M390 225 C408 225 408 151 198 151\"><\/path><text x=\"412\" y=\"188\">\u00e7avkaniy\u00ean z\u00eadetir<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"3\"><path d=\"M302 254 L302 270\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"4\"><path d=\"M390 299 C398 299 398 373 406 373\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--start\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"48\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 70)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"68\">01 \u00b7 Destp\u00eak<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"88\">Tomar hatiye amadekirin<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--record\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"122\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 144)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"142\">02 \u00b7 Tomar<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"162\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee hatine p\u00eavekirin<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--gate\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"196\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 218)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"216\">03 \u00b7 Deriy\u00ea kontrol\u00ea<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"236\">Nirxandina zanist\u00ee<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--decision\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"270\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 292)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"290\">04 \u00b7 Biryar<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"310\">Nakok e?<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--end\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"406\" y=\"344\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(426 366)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"442\" y=\"364\">05 \u00b7 Encam<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"442\" y=\"384\">Hatiye we\u015fandin<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"pf-scn__side\"><p class=\"pf-scn__side-h\">Tomara xebitandin\u00ea<\/p><ol class=\"pf-scn__steps\"><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">01 \u00b7 Niv\u00eeskar<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Tomar hatiye amadekirin<\/h4><p>Sal, sernav \u00fb kurteyeke kurt. D\u00eerok\u00ean texm\u00een\u00ee hatine n\u00ee\u015fankirin.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">02 \u00b7 Niv\u00eeskar<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee hatine p\u00eavekirin<\/h4><p>Her \u00eedia \u00e7avkaniya xwe p\u00ea re ye.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">03 \u00b7 Desteya zanist\u00ee<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Nirxandina zanist\u00ee<\/h4><p>Deste \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb gotinan kontrol dike.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">04 \u00b7 Desteya zanist\u00ee<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Nakok e?<\/h4><p>Li cih\u00ea ku d\u00eeroknas li hev nakin, her al\u00ee bi \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean xwe t\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fandan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">05 \u00b7 R\u00eaza dem\u00ea<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">Hatiye we\u015fandin<\/h4><p>Tomar n\u00ee\u015fana &quot;j\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye&quot; winda dike.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-scn__src\">Nota nirxandin\u00ea li ser r\u00eaza dem\u00ea.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<ol class=\"pf-timeline\"><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-gobekli-tepe\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 9500 BZ<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">G\u00f6bekli Tepe<\/h3><p>Dorp\u00ea\u00e7\u00ean mezin li n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee Rihay\u00ea: m\u00eerasa mirov\u00ee ya k\u00fbr a ax\u00ean ku Kurd \u00eero l\u00ea dij\u00een.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">D\u00eeroka k\u00fbr \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jarmo\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 7000 BZ<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jarmo<\/h3><p>Yek ji gund\u00ean \u00e7andiniy\u00ea y\u00ean her\u00ee kevn, li quntar\u00ean Zagros\u00ea.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">D\u00eeroka k\u00fbr \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-carduchoi\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">401 BZ<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Xenofon rast\u00ee Kard\u00fbxan t\u00ea<\/h3><p>Anabasis gel\u00ea \u00e7iyay\u00ee y\u00ea Kard\u00fbxan \u015firove dike, ku gelek caran bi Korduen\u00ea ve t\u00ea gir\u00eadan.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Serdema kevnar \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasanwayhids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">959<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Xanedana Hesenweyh\u00ee<\/h3><p>Xanedaneke Kurd li Zagros\u00ea li dora D\u00eenewer \u00fb Kirma\u015fan\u00ea.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Xanedan\u00ean serdema nav\u00een \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-marwanids\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">990<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Xanedana Merwan\u00ee<\/h3><p>Xanedaneke Kurd a Diyarbak\u0131r (Amed) \u00fb Farq\u00een\u00ea (Silvan), pi\u015ftgir\u00ean zan\u00een\u00ea.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Xanedan\u00ean serdema nav\u00een \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-saladin-jerusalem\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1187<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Selahed\u00een Quds\u00ea digire<\/h3><p>Selahed\u00een\u00ea Ey\u00fbb\u00ee, ji malbateke Kurd a Dw\u00een\u00ea, damezr\u00eener\u00ea xanedana Ey\u00fbb\u00ee.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Xanedan\u00ean serdema nav\u00een \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-chaldiran\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1514<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">\u015eer\u00ea \u00c7aldiran\u00ea<\/h3><p>Serkeftina Osman\u00ee li ser Sefewiyan dest bi parvekirina welat\u00ea Kurdan di navbera du \u00eemparatoriyan de dike.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirina Osman\u00ee \u00fb Sefew\u00ee \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sharafnama\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1597<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">\u015eerefname<\/h3><p>\u015eerefxan\u00ea Bedl\u00ees\u00ee d\u00eeroka yekem a Kurdan bi Faris\u00ee diniv\u00eese.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirina Osman\u00ee \u00fb Sefew\u00ee \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-zuhab\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1639<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Peymana Zehaw\u00ea<\/h3><p>S\u00eenor\u00ea Osman\u00ee-Sefew\u00ee li ser axa Kurdan diyar dike.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirina Osman\u00ee \u00fb Sefew\u00ee \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mem-u-zin\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1692<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Mem \u00fb Z\u00een a Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee<\/h3><p>Destana netew\u00ee ya Kurd\u00ee, ku gelek caran wek\u00ee bangeke yekitiya Kurd\u00ee t\u00ea xwendin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirina Osman\u00ee \u00fb Sefew\u00ee \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-bohtan\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1847<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dawiya m\u00eerni\u015f\u00eeniya Botan\u00ea<\/h3><p>Navend\u00eekirina Osman\u00ee Bedirxan Beg t\u00eak dibe; m\u00eerni\u015f\u00een t\u00eane hilwe\u015fandin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Navend\u00eekirina Osman\u00ee \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-kurdistan-newspaper\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1898<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Rojnameya Kurd\u00ee ya yekem<\/h3><p>Kurdistan di 22\u00ea N\u00eesana 1898an de li Qah\u00eerey\u00ea t\u00ea we\u015fandin; ew roj niha Roja Rojnamegeriya Kurd\u00ee ye.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Navend\u00eekirina Osman\u00ee \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-genocides-1915\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1915<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jenos\u00eeda Ermeniyan \u00fb Seyfo<\/h3><p>D\u00eeroknasan belge dikin ku hin e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Kurdan di ku\u015ftinan de cih girtin \u00fb Kurd\u00ean din qurban\u00ee ve\u015fartin; kesayetiy\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean Kurd pa\u015f\u00ea ev qeb\u00fbl kirin \u00fb l\u00eabor\u00een xwestin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Navend\u00eekirina Osman\u00ee \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sevres\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1920<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Peymana S\u00e8vres\u00ea<\/h3><p>Xal\u00ean 62 heta 64 xweseriya Kurdan p\u00ea\u015fb\u00een\u00ee dikin; qet nehatin pejirandin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirin \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-mahmud\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1922<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Keyaniya \u015e\u00eax Mehm\u00fbd<\/h3><p>Pad\u00ee\u015fahiya Kurdistan\u00ea li Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea t\u00ea ragihandin \u00fb ji aliy\u00ea h\u00eaz\u00ean Br\u00eetan\u00ee ve t\u00ea tepeserkirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirin \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-lausanne\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1923<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Peymana Lozan\u00ea<\/h3><p>Komara Tirkiyey\u00ea b\u00ea tedb\u00eer\u00ean Kurd\u00ee t\u00ea nas\u00een; welat\u00ean Kurdan di navbera \u00e7ar dewletan de hatine parvekirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirin \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-sheikh-said\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1925<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Serhildana \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed<\/h3><p>Serhildana li Tirkiyey\u00ea, ku p\u00ea re tepeserkirina le\u015fker\u00ee, sirg\u00fbnkirin \u00fb siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkarkirina nasnameya Kurd\u00ee hatin, wek\u00ee d\u00eeroknas belge dikin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirin \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hawar\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1932<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Kovara Hawar \u00fb alfabeya Lat\u00een\u00ee ya Kurmanc\u00ee<\/h3><p>Celadet \u00fb Kamuran Bedirxan li \u015eam\u00ea Hawar\u00ea diwe\u015f\u00eenin; 15\u00ea Gulan\u00ea niha Roja Ziman\u00ea Kurd\u00ee ye.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirin \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-dersim\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1937<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Komkujiy\u00ean Dersim\u00ea \u00fb sirg\u00fbnkirin\u00ean Sovyet\u00ea<\/h3><p>Operasyon\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee li Dersim\u00ea (1937 heta 1938) bi hezaran siv\u00eel dikujin \u00fb gelek\u00ean din di\u015f\u00eenin sirg\u00fbn\u00ea, wek\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea d\u00eeroknasan ve hatiye belgekirin; hejmara miriyan nakok\u00ee ye. Di 1937an de Kurd\u00ean Qafqasyaya Ba\u015f\u00fbr ber bi Asyaya Nav\u00een ve t\u00eane sirg\u00fbnkirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirin \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mahabad\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1946<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Komara Mehabad\u00ea<\/h3><p>Di 22\u00ea \u00c7ileya 1946an de di bin Qaz\u00ee Mihemed de hat ragihandin; di nav sal\u00ea de hilwe\u015fiya, \u00fb ew di 1947an de hat darvekirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Dabe\u015fkirin \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-september-revolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1961<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">\u015eore\u015fa \u00celon\u00ea li Iraq\u00ea; ko\u00e7beriya ked\u00ea ber bi Almanyay\u00ea ve<\/h3><p>Serhildana Mistefa Barzan\u00ee dest p\u00ea dike; peymana xebatkaran a Tirkiye \u00fb Almanyaya Rojava ko\u00e7beriya ked\u00ea dide destp\u00eakirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">\u015eer\u00ea Sar \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-hasakah-census\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1962<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Serjim\u00eariya Hesek\u00ea li S\u00fbriyey\u00ea<\/h3><p>N\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 120.000 Kurd ji welat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea b\u00eapar dibin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">\u015eer\u00ea Sar \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-autonomy-1970\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1970<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Peymana xweseriy\u00ea ya Iraq \u00fb Kurdan<\/h3><p>Di 11\u00ea Adara 1970an de hat \u00eemzekirin; pi\u015ft\u00ee Peymana Cezay\u00eer\u00ea ya 1975an hilwe\u015fiya.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">\u015eer\u00ea Sar \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-coup-1980\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1980<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Derbeya le\u015fker\u00ee li Tirkiyey\u00ea<\/h3><p>Girtin\u00ean girsey\u00ee, \u00ee\u015fkenceya belgekir\u00ee di Girt\u00eegeha Diyarbekir\u00ea de, \u00fb p\u00ealeke sirg\u00fbn\u00ean siyas\u00ee ber bi Ewropay\u00ea ve.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">\u015eer\u00ea Sar \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-anfal\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1988<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Kampanyaya Enfal\u00ea \u00fb Helebce<\/h3><p>\u00car\u00ee\u015fa \u00e7ek\u00ean k\u00eemyew\u00ee ya li ser Helebcey\u00ea di 16\u00ea Adara 1988an de, di nav kampanyaya Enfal\u00ea (1986 heta 1989) ya li dij\u00ee siv\u00eel\u00ean Kurd; Dadgeha Bilind a Iraq\u00ea di 2007an de Enfal wek\u00ee jenos\u00eed \u015firove kir.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">\u015eer\u00ea Sar \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-uprising-1991\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1991<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Serhildan \u00fb ko\u00e7a mezin<\/h3><p>N\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 1,5 milyon kes direvin \u00ceran \u00fb Tirkiyey\u00ea; her\u00eama ewle dibe sedema xwebir\u00eavebirin\u00ea li Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-mykonos\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">1992<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Ku\u015ftin\u00ean Mykonos\u00ea, Berl\u00een<\/h3><p>\u00c7ar kesayetiy\u00ean muxalefeta Kurd\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea li xwaringeha Mykonos a Berl\u00een\u00ea t\u00ean ku\u015ftin; biryara dadgeheke Berl\u00een\u00ea ya sala 1997an ev ferman da r\u00eaberiya \u00ceran\u00ea.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-iraq-constitution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2005<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Dest\u00fbra Iraq\u00ea Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea nas dike<\/h3><p>Kurd\u00ee dibe zimanek\u00ee ferm\u00ee y\u00ea Iraq\u00ea.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-yazidi-genocide\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2014<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jenos\u00eeda \u00caz\u00eediyan li \u015eengal\u00ea<\/h3><p>\u00car\u00ee\u015fa ISIL li ser \u015eengal\u00ea (Sinjar) di 3 Tebax 2014 de: ku\u015ftin\u00ean girsey\u00ee, revandin \u00fb koledar\u00ee; Kom\u00eesyona L\u00eapirs\u00een\u00ea ya Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ya li ser S\u00fbriyey\u00ea ew wek\u00ee jenos\u00eed\u00ea d\u00eet (2016).<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-referendum-2017\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2017<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Referand\u00fbma serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea ya Her\u00eama Kurdistan\u00ea<\/h3><p>Di 25\u00ea \u00celona 2017an de p\u00eak hat; h\u00eaz\u00ean federal \u00ean Iraq\u00ea di 16\u00ea \u00c7iriya P\u00ea\u015f\u00een de Kerk\u00fbk\u00ea kontrol dikin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-jina-amini\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2022<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Jina Em\u00een\u00ee \u00fb Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee<\/h3><p>Pi\u015ft\u00ee mirina Jina (Mahsa) Am\u00een\u00ee, jineke ciwan a Kurd ji Seqiz\u00ea, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku ji aliy\u00ea pol\u00ees\u00ea exlaq\u00ea y\u00ea \u00ceran\u00ea ve hat girtin, di seranser\u00ea wel\u00eat de bi dir\u00fb\u015fma Kurd\u00ee Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee xwep\u00ea\u015fandan dest p\u00ea kirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-assad-falls\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2024<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Hilwe\u015f\u00eena hik\u00fbmeta Esed<\/h3><p>8\u00ea Kan\u00fbna P\u00ea\u015f\u00een a 2024an; qonaxeke n\u00fb ji bo Kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyey\u00ea.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-pkk-dissolution\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2025<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">PKK hilwe\u015fandina xwe radigih\u00eene<\/h3><p>Roja 12 Gulan 2025an hat ragihandin, pi\u015ft\u00ee banga Abdullah \u00d6calan a 27 Sibat 2025an. Div\u00ea li gor\u00ee \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean seretay\u00ee were pi\u015ftrastkirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-timeline__item\" id=\"ev-syria-decree-2026\">\n  <p class=\"pf-timeline__year\">2026<\/p>\n  <div><h3 class=\"pf-timeline__title\">Biryarnameya S\u00fbriyey\u00ea li ser maf\u00ean Kurdan<\/h3><p>Di \u00c7ileya 2026an de hat ragihandin: welat\u00eeb\u00fbn ji Kurd\u00ean b\u00eadewlet re hat vegerandin \u00fb Kurd\u00ee wek\u00ee zimanek\u00ee netewey\u00ee hat naskirin; div\u00ea were pi\u015ftrastkirin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-timeline__era\">Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1991\u00ea \u00b7 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">J\u00eagirtin di amadekirin\u00ea de ye<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<\/li><\/ol><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>J\u00eagirtina v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Timeline<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cTimeline.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_heritage_timeline,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Timeline},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.bib\">Daxe <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_heritage_tim\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Timeline\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/timeline\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_timeline.ris\">Daxe <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">L\u00eesans <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"material\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Ber\u00ee ku h\u00fbn dest p\u00ea bikin<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">R\u00eaxistina Hevkariya Kurd\u00ee federasyoneke civakan e ku ji hev f\u00ear dibin. Ne zan\u00eengeh e, \u00eediaya rayedariya gi\u015ft\u00ee nake \u00fb xizmeta tu hik\u00fbmet, part\u00ee an saziya baweriy\u00ea nake.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">\u00c7avkaniy\u00ean dervey\u00ee l\u00eesans\u00ean xwe dipar\u00eazin. L\u00eestekirin an gir\u00eadanek ne pi\u015ftgir\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Ev r\u00fbpel \u00e7awa bi del\u00eelan re tevdigere<\/h3><p>Her hejmar p\u00eevan, sal, \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb et\u00eeketa xwe bi xwe re dibe. Ya nenas wek\u00ee nenas t\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fandan.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><\/dt><dd>Et\u00eeketek: ti\u015ft bi tomara xwe ya seretay\u00ee re li hev t\u00ea, wek tabloya ferm\u00ee an tomara Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">\u00c7avkaniya duyem\u00een<\/span><\/dt><dd>Et\u00eeketek: hejmar ji raporeke p\u00eabawer a li ser \u00e7avkaniy\u00ea t\u00ea, ne ji \u00e7avkaniy\u00ea bi xwe.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Div\u00ea were pi\u015ftrastkirin<\/span><\/dt><dd>Et\u00eeketek: ti\u015ft wek\u00ee ku hatiye d\u00eetin hatiye l\u00eestekirin \u00fb h\u00een div\u00ea li gor\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya xwe were kontrolkirin.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Tomar\u00ean zanist\u00ee y\u00ean vekir\u00ee li ser v\u00ea mijar\u00ea, ji \u00eendeks\u00ean pejirand\u00ee. Ji bo referans\u00ea hatine l\u00eestekirin, h\u00een nehatine nirxandin.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz (2026). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a>. International Journal of Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\">10.21600\/ijoks.1870377<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a>. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV). DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\">10.11576\/ijcv-5688<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a>. Kurdiname. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\">10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a> (2021). Cambridge University Press eBooks. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\">10.1017\/9781108623711<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a>. Kurdish Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\">10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">J\u00eagirtina v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/corrections\/\">\u015ea\u015fiyek\u00ea rapor bikin<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<section class=\"pf-section\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\">L\u00eakol\u00een \u00fb \u00e7avkan\u00ee<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Xebat\u00ean n\u00fb \u00fb t\u00eakildar li ser mijara v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea, ji \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean zanist\u00ee y\u00ean vekir\u00ee y\u00ean pejirand\u00ee. Ten\u00ea metadane \u00fb gir\u00eadan. Sernav wek ku hatine we\u015fandin dim\u00eenin. H\u00een nehatiye nirxandin.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1870377\" rel=\"noopener\">History and National Consciousness: A Critical Analysis of Kurdish Nationalist Historical Narratives<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Cihat Yilmaz \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 International Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11576\/ijcv-5688\" rel=\"noopener\">Path Dependence from Proxy Agent to De Facto State: A History of \u2018Strategic Exploitation\u2019 of the Kurds as a Context of the Iraqi Kurdistan Security Policy<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Piotr Sosnowski \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-ND-2.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1081809\" rel=\"noopener\">POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zyad M. NUR\u0130 \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Kurdiname<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108623711\" rel=\"noopener\">The Cambridge History of the Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 Cambridge University Press eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pirt\u00fbk<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v7i2.461\" rel=\"noopener\">British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Gerald Martin Maclean \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjpas.35.3.22\" rel=\"noopener\">The Effect of Sex Differences and Family History as a Genetic Factors related to Autism Spectrum Disorder among Group of children in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region- Iraq.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Srwa S. Saleem, Nihad A. Ameen \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48350\/154965\" rel=\"noopener\">A Struggle within a Struggle: The History of the Kurdish Women\u2019s Liberation Movement.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Isabel Martina K\u00e4ser \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 University of Bern<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u015eax<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">restricted<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25330\/2141\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurdish spring, history in the making: where are the women?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salome Hirvaskoski \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 My University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Y\u00ean din<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004706552_004\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Linguistic History of Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Thomas J\u00fcgel \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies Archive<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u015eax<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sena.12437\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Women\u2019s Experience in Iraq: History, Politics and Literature<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Lolav M. Hassan Alhamid \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-137-56324-8_2\" rel=\"noopener\">Sunni, Shia, and Kurd: A Brief History of Islamism in Kurdistan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ali Ezzatyar \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u015eax<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23918\/vesal2021v18\" rel=\"noopener\">Teaching the History of Kurdistan through Visual Art<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 VESAL2021 Proceedings Book<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee, l\u00eesans \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ean ki\u015fandin\u00ea: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bi me re ava bikin\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bi me re ava bikin<\/h2><p>Bibin endam, an j\u00ee ji me re bib\u00eajin bajar\u00ea we \u00e7i hewce dike. H\u00fbn bi xwe hildibij\u00earin ku h\u00fbn \u00e7i parve dikin.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Tevl\u00ee bibin<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Prof\u00eela te<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">T\u00eakil\u00ee<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Tor\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect 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Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Guhertoya peymannamey\u00ea<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">R\u00eaxistina Hevkariya Kurd\u00ee toreke serbixwe ya perwerde \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea ya hevtayan e, ku ji civak\u00ean Kurd p\u00eak t\u00ea. Ew ne zan\u00eengeh e \u00fb \u00eediaya ti desthilatdariya gi\u015ft\u00ee nake. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea tor\u00ea de: em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOM\u00eeras Tor Be\u015f 01Akadem\u00ee Her qada zan\u00een\u00ea, kurs bi hem\u00fb zaravay\u00ean Kurd\u00ee, \u00fb civak\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ea. 02M\u00eeras D\u00eerok ji Zagros\u00ea heta \u00eero, b\u00eer, bawer\u00ee, huner, w\u00eaje \u00fb xwarin. 03Ziman Kurmanc\u00ee, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/timeline\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Timeline&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":52,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-210","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/210\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}