{"id":743,"date":"2026-11-01T15:43:43","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/anfal\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T15:43:43","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T15:43:43","slug":"anfal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/anfal\/","title":{"rendered":"Anfal remembrance"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/heritage\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"calendar\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"M\u00e1s\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\" data-area=\"heritage\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Red\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Red\"><span>Red<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c1reas<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Todos los campos del saber, cursos en todas las variedades del kurdo y comunidades de pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">La historia desde los Zagros hasta hoy, la memoria, las religiones, las artes, la literatura y la gastronom\u00eda.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Lengua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, kurdo meridional y gorani, en todas sus escrituras.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Investigaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Estudios kurdos: el observatorio, listas de lectura e investigaci\u00f3n nueva.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Oportunidades<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Medios de vida, competencias, empleo, mentor\u00eda y puentes entre la di\u00e1spora y la regi\u00f3n.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Vida c\u00edvica<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educaci\u00f3n c\u00edvica, conocimiento de los derechos, ayuda a personas ap\u00e1tridas y di\u00e1logo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Desarrollo<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programas sociales, medios de vida y preparaci\u00f3n ante desastres para las comunidades kurdas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Noticias y eventos<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Noticias kurdas y regionales con cada medio etiquetado, y el calendario de d\u00edas kurdos.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\">Inicio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\">Programas nacionales<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/areas\/\">\u00c1reas de trabajo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/calendar\/\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/the-community\/\">Comunidades kurdas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programas nacionales\"><span>Programas nacionales<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programas nacionales<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\">Los 35 programas nacionales<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Este sitio\"><span>Este sitio<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\">Patrimonio<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/timeline\/\">Cronolog\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/faiths\/\">Religiones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/arts\/\">Artes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/literature\/\">Literatura<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/food\/\">Gastronom\u00eda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/directory\/\">Directorio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/take-part\/\">Participe<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Acerca de\"><span>Acerca de<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Acerca de<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Acerca de<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/federation\/\">Federaci\u00f3n<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">C\u00f3mo funciona la federaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/the-community\/\">Comunidades kurdas<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta red: qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Carta<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Participe<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/membership\/\">Membres\u00eda<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Membres\u00eda y participaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/join\/\">Afiliarse<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/get-involved\/\">Participe<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Formas de participar<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Aviso legal y seguridad<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/protected-participation\/\">Participaci\u00f3n protegida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/corrections\/\">Correcciones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" 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data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Cuenta\" data-tip=\"Cuenta\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Cuenta<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fes%2Fstart%2F\">Iniciar sesi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=es\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Afiliarse<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Su perfil<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/start\/\">Panel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">Ajustes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Sus sesiones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Cerrar sesi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Lenguas\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Lenguas<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ES<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ckb\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fa\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/tr\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/az\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/it\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ja\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ru\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/hi\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ko\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/calendar\/anfal\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Sistema\" data-tip=\"Sistema\" data-l-light=\"Claro\" data-l-dark=\"Oscuro\" data-l-system=\"Sistema\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 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class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>Men\u00fa<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Esta p\u00e1gina es una traducci\u00f3n. Est\u00e1 siendo revisada por hablantes nativos. La p\u00e1gina en ingl\u00e9s es la referencia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Ruta de navegaci\u00f3n\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\">Patrimonio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Conmemoraci\u00f3n de Anfal<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><img class=\"pf-still pf-still--light\" src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/renders\/kco-heritage-light.webp\" alt=\"Background image of the page\" aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1050\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><img class=\"pf-still pf-still--dark\" src=\"\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/renders\/kco-heritage-dark.webp\" alt=\"Background image of the page\" aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1050\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Conmemoraci\u00f3n \u00b7 \u0626\u06d5\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Conmemoraci\u00f3n de Anfal<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Recuerdo de la campa\u00f1a de Anfal, que se conmemora en la Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header><div class=\"pf-strip\"><p class=\"pf-datebox\" aria-label=\"martes, 14 de abril de 2026\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-14\"><span class=\"pf-datebox__m\">abr.<\/span><span class=\"pf-datebox__d\">14<\/span><span class=\"pf-datebox__w\">2026<\/span><\/time><\/p><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Tipo<\/dt><dd>Conmemoraci\u00f3n<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Calendario<\/dt><dd>Gregoriano<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>En 2026<\/dt><dd>martes, 14 de abril de 2026<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n<aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>Cita en preparaci\u00f3n. Un revisor experto contrasta esta entrada con sus fuentes.<\/p><\/aside>\n<details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"material\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Antes de empezar<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">La Organizaci\u00f3n de Cooperaci\u00f3n Kurda es una federaci\u00f3n de comunidades que aprenden unas de otras. No es una universidad, no reclama autoridad p\u00fablica y no sirve a ning\u00fan gobierno, partido ni entidad religiosa.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Las fuentes externas conservan sus propias licencias. Figurar en una lista o un enlace no implica respaldo.<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">C\u00f3mo trata esta p\u00e1gina la evidencia<\/h3><p>Cada cifra indica su medida, a\u00f1o, fuente y etiqueta. Lo desconocido se muestra como desconocido.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: el elemento coincide con su registro primario, como la tabla oficial o la entrada de Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Fuente secundaria<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: la cifra procede de un informe fiable sobre la fuente, no de la fuente misma.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Por verificar<\/span><\/dt><dd>Una etiqueta: el elemento figura tal como se encontr\u00f3 y a\u00fan debe cotejarse con su fuente.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Fuentes<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Registros acad\u00e9micos abiertos sobre este tema, de \u00edndices aprobados. Se enumeran como referencia y a\u00fan no se han revisado.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Seerwan Mohammed Mustafa, Ary kadir Mohammed (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3\" rel=\"noopener\">This research explores the role of music in expressing the suffering of the Kurdish people due to the genocide they have faced throughout history, particularly during the Anfal operations of the 1980s, which led to the destruction of hundreds of Kurdish villages and the extermination of the Kurdish <\/a>. Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3\">10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Ahmed DR (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231210107\" rel=\"noopener\">From Holocaust to Anfal: The impact of genocide and cross-generational trauma on the mental health of Kurds.<\/a>. Int J Soc Psychiatry. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231210107\">10.1177\/00207640231210107<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Choman Hardi (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-2\" rel=\"noopener\">The Anfal Campaign<\/a>. Routledge eBooks. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-2\">10.4324\/9781315584188-2<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">William B. Quandt (1996). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20047630\" rel=\"noopener\">Iraq&#8217;s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds<\/a>. Foreign Affairs. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20047630\">10.2307\/20047630<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31\" rel=\"noopener\">Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan<\/a> (2021). Proceedings of &quot; Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention&quot; Conference. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31\">10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/corrections\/\">Notifique un error<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"En esta p\u00e1gina\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">En esta p\u00e1gina<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Fechas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>C\u00f3mo se fija la fecha<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>D\u00f3nde se conmemora<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>En la Academia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Encuentros de este d\u00eda<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Fuentes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Otros d\u00edas de conmemoraci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>Investigaci\u00f3n y fuentes<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Fechas<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Calculado para 2026 a 2030.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Gregoriano<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Solar h\u00e9gira<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Lunar h\u00e9gira<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Nota<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-14\">martes, 14 de abril de 2026<\/time><\/th><td>25 de farvard\u00edn de 1405 AP<\/td><td>26 de Shawwal de 1447 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2027-04-14\">mi\u00e9rcoles, 14 de abril de 2027<\/time><\/th><td>25 de farvard\u00edn de 1406 AP<\/td><td>7 de dhu\u02bbl-qa\u02bbda de 1448 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2028-04-14\">viernes, 14 de abril de 2028<\/time><\/th><td>26 de farvard\u00edn de 1407 AP<\/td><td>19 de dhu\u02bbl-qa\u02bbda de 1449 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2029-04-14\">s\u00e1bado, 14 de abril de 2029<\/time><\/th><td>26 de farvard\u00edn de 1408 AP<\/td><td>30 de dhu\u02bbl-qa\u02bbda de 1450 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><time datetime=\"2030-04-14\">domingo, 14 de abril de 2030<\/time><\/th><td>25 de farvard\u00edn de 1409 AP<\/td><td>11 de dhu\u02bbl-hiyya de 1451 AH<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><div class=\"pf-calics\" data-pf-mod=\"calics\" data-name=\"Anfal remembrance\" data-url=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/\" data-uid=\"anfal@kurds.global\" data-dates=\"[[&quot;2026-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2027-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2028-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2029-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;2030-04-14&quot;,&quot;&quot;]]\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" hidden>A\u00f1adir a su calendario<\/button><p class=\"pf-calics__note\">El archivo contiene las fechas de 2026 a 2030. Se genera en su dispositivo; no se env\u00eda nada.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>C\u00f3mo se fija la fecha<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>14 de abril de cada a\u00f1o, en el calendario gregoriano.<\/p><p class=\"pf-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/about\/\">C\u00f3mo funciona el calendario<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>D\u00f3nde se conmemora<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>La Regi\u00f3n del Kurdist\u00e1n de Irak<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>En la Academia<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Facultades<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/faculties\/kurdish-studies\/\">Facultad de Estudios Kurdos<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/faculties\/law-governance\/\">Facultad de Derecho, Gobernanza y Asuntos P\u00fablicos<\/a><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Disciplinas<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/genocide-memory-studies\/\">Estudios de la memoria y del genocidio<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/disciplines\/transitional-justice\/\">Justicia transicional<\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--2\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"memory-genocide\" data-faculty=\"kurdish-studies\" data-level=\"F S\" data-wave=\"1\" data-status=\"outlined\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudios de la memoria y del genocidio \u00b7 Fundamentos, Acad\u00e9mico<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/catalogue\/anfal-and-halabja\/\">Anfal y Halabja<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">La campa\u00f1a de Anfal y el ataque qu\u00edmico contra Halabja: qu\u00e9 ocurri\u00f3, c\u00f3mo se documenta y c\u00f3mo se recuerda.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Ola 1 \u00b7 12 h <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Esquema redactado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Encuentros de este d\u00eda<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-empty\">Todav\u00eda no se ha anunciado ning\u00fan encuentro para este d\u00eda. Las Secciones publican aqu\u00ed los suyos una vez confirmados.<\/p><div class=\"pf-listing\" data-pf-listing=\"events\" data-pf-scope=\"\" data-pf-limit=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"pf-listing-events-network\"><h3 class=\"pf-listing__title\" id=\"pf-listing-events-network\">Eventos compartidos<\/h3><div class=\"pf-listing__empty\"><p class=\"pf-listing__state\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Compartir se abrir\u00e1 pronto<\/span><\/p><p>Eventos compartidos por miembros, cada uno enlazado con el anuncio de su propio organizador.<\/p><\/div><\/div><!--\/pf-listing-->\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Fuentes<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cal-src\" role=\"list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/2210-7975_hrd-4502-0035\" rel=\"noopener\" translate=\"no\">Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Middle East Watch, 1993)<\/a> <span class=\"pf-cal-src__pub\" translate=\"no\">Human Rights Watch, in Human Rights Documents Online (Brill)<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Fuente secundaria<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Otros d\u00edas de conmemoraci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">jueves, 22 de enero de 2026 \u00b7 D\u00eda comunitario<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/mahabad-proclamation\/\">Rep\u00fablica de Mahabad<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Proclamaci\u00f3n de la Rep\u00fablica de Mahabad, 1946.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">\u06a9\u06c6\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06d5\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">lunes, 26 de enero de 2026 \u00b7 D\u00eda de la comunidad<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/kobani-liberation\/\">Fin del asedio de Koban\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Fin del asedio de Koban\u00ee, 2015.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">Rizgariya Koban\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">lunes, 16 de marzo de 2026 \u00b7 D\u00eda de la comunidad<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/halabja\/\">Conmemoraci\u00f3n de Halabja<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Ataque con armas qu\u00edmicas contra Halabja, 16 de marzo de 1988.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">\u0647\u06d5\u06b5\u06d5\u0628\u062c\u06d5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">lunes, 3 de agosto de 2026 \u00b7 D\u00eda de la comunidad<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/yazidi-genocide\/\">Conmemoraci\u00f3n del genocidio yazid\u00ed<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Ataque del ISIL contra Shingal (Sinjar), 3 de agosto de 2014; la Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas lo calific\u00f3 de genocidio (2016).<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">Fermana \u015eengal\u00ea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"community\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">La fecha var\u00eda \u00b7 D\u00eda comunitario<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/dersim\/\">Conmemoraci\u00f3n de Dersim<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Asesinatos y deportaciones en Dersim, 1937 a 1938, seg\u00fan documentan los historiadores.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-native\" dir=\"auto\">Dersim<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Anfal remembrance<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/anfal\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cAnfal Remembrance.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/calendar\/anfal\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Anfal remembrance},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.bib\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.bib\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_heritage_cal\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Anfal remembrance\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/calendar\/anfal\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.ris\" download=\"kco2026_heritage_calendar_anfal.ris\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licencia <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>Investigaci\u00f3n y fuentes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabajos recientes y pertinentes sobre el tema de esta p\u00e1gina, de fuentes acad\u00e9micas abiertas aprobadas. Solo metadatos y enlaces. Los t\u00edtulos se mantienen tal como se publicaron. A\u00fan sin revisar.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21271\/zjhs.29.5.3\" rel=\"noopener\">This research explores the role of music in expressing the suffering of the Kurdish people due to the genocide they have faced throughout history, particularly during the Anfal operations of the 1980s, which led to the destruction of hundreds of Kurdish villages and the extermination of the Kurdish <\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Seerwan Mohammed Mustafa, Ary kadir Mohammed \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640231210107\" rel=\"noopener\">From Holocaust to Anfal: The impact of genocide and cross-generational trauma on the mental health of Kurds.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ahmed DR \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Int J Soc Psychiatry<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-2\" rel=\"noopener\">The Anfal Campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Choman Hardi \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 Routledge eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20047630\" rel=\"noopener\">Iraq&#8217;s Crime of Genocide: The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">William B. Quandt \u00b7 1996 \u00b7 Foreign Affairs<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21928\/uhdicpgp\/31\" rel=\"noopener\">Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2021 \u00b7 Proceedings of &quot; Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention&quot; Conference<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0041291\" rel=\"noopener\">Photo of Anfal Genocide Survivor<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jones, Adam, 1963- \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Otro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14623528.2012.684764\" rel=\"noopener\">Gendered Experiences of Genocide: Anfal Survivors in Kurdistan-Iraq<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Choman Hardi \u00b7 2011 \u00b7 Journal of Genocide Research<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Otro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0041290\" rel=\"noopener\">Aska Hame-Ameen : Anfal Genocide Survivor : Rizgary, Kurdistan, Iraq<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jones, Adam, 1963- \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Otro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1748427\" rel=\"noopener\">The Concept of Genocide and the Anfal Campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Mark Klamberg \u00b7 2012 \u00b7 SSRN Electronic Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781503646360-006\" rel=\"noopener\">2 The Iraqi Secret Police Documents and the Anfal Campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Joost Hiltermann \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Ba\u2018thist Iraq Through Archives<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315584188-8\" rel=\"noopener\">Learning from Women Survivors of Anfal<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2016 \u00b7 Gendered Experiences of Genocide<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Secci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01436597.2026.2688893\" rel=\"noopener\">Selective silence: the United Nations and the Anfal campaign<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jiyan Taher Ahmed, \u015eevki K\u0131ralp \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Third World Quarterly<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fuentes, licencias y fechas de consulta: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Constr\u00fayalo con nosotros\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Constr\u00fayalo con nosotros<\/h2><p>H\u00e1gase miembro o cu\u00e9ntenos qu\u00e9 necesita su ciudad. 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class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>\u00c1frica<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Egipto<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asia-Pac\u00edfico<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Australia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jap\u00f3n<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Nueva Zelanda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>C\u00e1ucaso<\/dt><dd><a 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