{"id":122,"date":"2026-11-01T18:18:36","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:18:36","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:18:36","slug":"tools","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Language tools"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Lainnya\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Bahasa<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Jaringan\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Jaringan\"><span>Jaringan<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bidang<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akademi<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Setiap bidang pengetahuan, kursus dalam semua ragam bahasa Kurdi, dan komunitas praktik.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Warisan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Sejarah dari Zagros hingga kini, ingatan, agama dan kepercayaan, seni, sastra, dan kuliner.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Bahasa<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, Sorani, Zazaki, Kurdi Selatan, dan Gorani, dalam setiap aksara.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Riset<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Studi Kurdi: observatorium, daftar bacaan, dan riset baru.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Peluang<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Mata pencaharian, keterampilan, pekerjaan, pendampingan, dan jembatan dari diaspora ke kawasan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Kewargaan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Pendidikan kewargaan, literasi hak, bantuan bagi orang tanpa kewarganegaraan, dan dialog.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Pembangunan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Program sosial, mata pencaharian, dan kesiapsiagaan bencana bagi komunitas Kurdi.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Berita dan Acara<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Berita Kurdi dan kawasan dengan label pada setiap media, dan kalender hari-hari Kurdi.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\">Beranda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\">Program negara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/areas\/\">Bidang kerja<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/calendar\/\">Kalender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/the-community\/\">Komunitas Kurdi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Program negara\"><span>Program negara<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Program negara<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\">Semua 35 program negara<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Situs ini\"><span>Situs ini<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\">Bahasa<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/#register\">Bahasa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/\">Aksara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Alat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/learn\/\">Belajar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/resources\/\">Sumber daya<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/preservation\/\">Pelestarian<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/sources\/\">Sumber<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Tentang\"><span>Tentang<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Tentang<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Tentang<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/federation\/\">Federasi<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Cara kerja federasi<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/the-community\/\">Komunitas Kurdi<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Tentang jaringan ini: apa kami dan apa yang bukan kami<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Piagam<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Ikut serta<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/membership\/\">Keanggotaan<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Keanggotaan dan partisipasi<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/join\/\">Bergabung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/get-involved\/\">Ikut serta<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Cara ikut serta<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Hukum dan keselamatan<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/protected-participation\/\">Partisipasi terlindungi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/corrections\/\">Koreksi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kontak<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"Cari  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Cari<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">Cari<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"Cari di situs ini\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">Cari<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Akun\" data-tip=\"Akun\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Akun<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fid%2Fstart%2F\">Masuk<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=id\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Bergabung<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Profil Anda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/start\/\">Dasbor<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">Pengaturan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Sesi Anda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Keluar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Bahasa\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Bahasa<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ID<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Sistem\" data-tip=\"Sistem\" data-l-light=\"Terang\" data-l-dark=\"Gelap\" data-l-system=\"Sistem\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__dark\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3a6 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 1 1-9-9Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__system\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <line x1=\"8\" x2=\"16\" y1=\"21\" y2=\"21\" \/> <line x1=\"12\" x2=\"12\" y1=\"17\" y2=\"21\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-nv__toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"pf-nv__bars\" d=\"M4 7h16M4 12h16M4 17h16\"\/><path class=\"pf-nv__x\" d=\"M6 6l12 12M18 6L6 18\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-nv__toggle-l\">Menu<\/span><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"pf-rail\" aria-label=\"Bidang\"><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Beranda\" data-tip=\"Beranda\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Akademi\" data-tip=\"Akademi\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Warisan\" data-tip=\"Warisan\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"3\" x2=\"21\" y1=\"22\" y2=\"22\" \/> <line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"14\" x2=\"14\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\" aria-current=\"page\" aria-label=\"Bahasa\" data-tip=\"Bahasa\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-shape\" viewBox=\"-8.5 -8.5 17 17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"0.5,-7.5 0.5,-6.5 1.5,-6.5 1.5,-5.5 2.5,-5.5 2.5,-4.5 3.5,-4.5 3.5,-3.5 4.5,-3.5 4.5,-2.5 5.5,-2.5 5.5,-1.5 6.5,-1.5 6.5,-0.5 7.5,-0.5 7.5,0.5 6.5,0.5 6.5,1.5 5.5,1.5 5.5,2.5 4.5,2.5 4.5,3.5 3.5,3.5 3.5,4.5 2.5,4.5 2.5,5.5 1.5,5.5 1.5,6.5 0.5,6.5 0.5,7.5 -0.5,7.5 -0.5,6.5 -1.5,6.5 -1.5,5.5 -2.5,5.5 -2.5,4.5 -3.5,4.5 -3.5,3.5 -4.5,3.5 -4.5,2.5 -5.5,2.5 -5.5,1.5 -6.5,1.5 -6.5,0.5 -7.5,0.5 -7.5,-0.5 -6.5,-0.5 -6.5,-1.5 -5.5,-1.5 -5.5,-2.5 -4.5,-2.5 -4.5,-3.5 -3.5,-3.5 -3.5,-4.5 -2.5,-4.5 -2.5,-5.5 -1.5,-5.5 -1.5,-6.5 -0.5,-6.5 -0.5,-7.5\" vector-effect=\"non-scaling-stroke\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m5 8 6 6\" \/> <path d=\"m4 14 6-6 2-3\" \/> <path d=\"M2 5h12\" \/> <path d=\"M7 2h1\" \/> <path d=\"m22 22-5-10-5 10\" \/> <path d=\"M14 18h6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Riset\" data-tip=\"Riset\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 16v5\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14v7\" \/> <path d=\"M20 10v11\" \/> <path d=\"m22 3-8.646 8.646a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0L9.354 8.354a.5.5 0 0 0-.707 0L2 15\" \/> <path d=\"M4 18v3\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14v7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Peluang\" data-tip=\"Peluang\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 12h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 6V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M22 13a18.15 18.15 0 0 1-20 0\" \/> <rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"6\" rx=\"2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Kewargaan\" data-tip=\"Kewargaan\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m16 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"m2 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"M7 21h10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 3v18\" \/> <path d=\"M3 7h2c2 0 5-1 7-2 2 1 5 2 7 2h2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Pembangunan\" data-tip=\"Pembangunan\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m11 17 2 2a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"m14 14 2.5 2.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3l-3.88-3.88a3 3 0 0 0-4.24 0l-.88.88a1 1 0 1 1-3-3l2.81-2.81a5.79 5.79 0 0 1 7.06-.87l.47.28a2 2 0 0 0 1.42.25L21 4\" \/> <path d=\"m21 3 1 11h-2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 3 2 14l6.5 6.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"M3 4h8\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/\" aria-label=\"Berita dan Acara\" data-tip=\"Berita dan Acara\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 22h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Zm0 0a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-9c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h2\" \/> <path d=\"M18 14h-8\" \/> <path d=\"M15 18h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M10 6h8v4h-8V6Z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g pf-rail__g--end\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/calendar\/\" aria-label=\"Kalender\" data-tip=\"Kalender\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\" aria-label=\"Program negara\" data-tip=\"Program negara\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Piagam\" data-tip=\"Piagam\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 12h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M15 8h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M19 17V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4\" \/> <path d=\"M8 21h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H11a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1a2 2 0 1 1-4 0V5a2 2 0 1 0-4 0v2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/protected-participation\/\" aria-label=\"Partisipasi terlindungi\" data-tip=\"Partisipasi terlindungi\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\" \/> <path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-tabbar\" aria-label=\"Bidang\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><span>Beranda<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><span>Akademi<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><span>Program negara<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/calendar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><span>Kalender<\/span><\/a><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>Menu<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Halaman ini adalah terjemahan. Penutur asli sedang meninjaunya; halaman bahasa Inggris menjadi acuan.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Remah roti\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\">Bahasa<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Alat<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Bahasa<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Alat bahasa<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Bagan aksara, pengonversi numeral, dan transliterasi berdasarkan standar terbuka. Semuanya berjalan di peramban Anda, dan tidak ada yang Anda ketik dikirim ke mana pun.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"chart\"><\/span><nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Di halaman ini\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Di halaman ini<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Bagan aksara<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Pengonversi angka<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Transliterasi<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Tabel pelafalan<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Cara kerja alat<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Riset dan sumber<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Bagan aksara<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Alfabet Persia. Setiap alfabet lain memiliki bagannya di halamannya sendiri.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-chart\" id=\"pf-lx-chart-persian-16\" data-pf-mod=\"scriptchart\" data-lx=\"{&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;join&quot;:true,&quot;letters&quot;:[[&quot;\u0627&quot;,&quot;U+0627&quot;,&quot;arabic letter alef&quot;,&quot;\u0101 \/ not written&quot;,&quot;\u0252\u02d0, \u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u0628&quot;,&quot;U+0628&quot;,&quot;arabic letter beh&quot;,&quot;b&quot;,&quot;b&quot;],[&quot;\u067e&quot;,&quot;U+067E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter peh&quot;,&quot;p&quot;,&quot;p&quot;],[&quot;\u062a&quot;,&quot;U+062A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter teh&quot;,&quot;t&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u062b&quot;,&quot;U+062B&quot;,&quot;arabic letter theh&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u062c&quot;,&quot;U+062C&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeem&quot;,&quot;j&quot;,&quot;d\u0361\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0686&quot;,&quot;U+0686&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tcheh&quot;,&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;t\u0361\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u062d&quot;,&quot;U+062D&quot;,&quot;arabic letter hah&quot;,&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u062e&quot;,&quot;U+062E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter khah&quot;,&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;x&quot;],[&quot;\u062f&quot;,&quot;U+062F&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dal&quot;,&quot;d&quot;,&quot;d&quot;],[&quot;\u0630&quot;,&quot;U+0630&quot;,&quot;arabic letter thal&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0631&quot;,&quot;U+0631&quot;,&quot;arabic letter reh&quot;,&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u027e&quot;],[&quot;\u0632&quot;,&quot;U+0632&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zain&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0698&quot;,&quot;U+0698&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeh&quot;,&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0633&quot;,&quot;U+0633&quot;,&quot;arabic letter seen&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0634&quot;,&quot;U+0634&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sheen&quot;,&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u0635&quot;,&quot;U+0635&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sad&quot;,&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0636&quot;,&quot;U+0636&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dad&quot;,&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0637&quot;,&quot;U+0637&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tah&quot;,&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u0638&quot;,&quot;U+0638&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zah&quot;,&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0639&quot;,&quot;U+0639&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ain&quot;,&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u063a&quot;,&quot;U+063A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ghain&quot;,&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0263, \u0262&quot;],[&quot;\u0641&quot;,&quot;U+0641&quot;,&quot;arabic letter feh&quot;,&quot;f&quot;,&quot;f&quot;],[&quot;\u0642&quot;,&quot;U+0642&quot;,&quot;arabic letter qaf&quot;,&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u0262, \u0263&quot;],[&quot;\u06a9&quot;,&quot;U+06A9&quot;,&quot;arabic letter keheh&quot;,&quot;k&quot;,&quot;k&quot;],[&quot;\u06af&quot;,&quot;U+06AF&quot;,&quot;arabic letter gaf&quot;,&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0261&quot;],[&quot;\u0644&quot;,&quot;U+0644&quot;,&quot;arabic letter lam&quot;,&quot;l&quot;,&quot;l&quot;],[&quot;\u0645&quot;,&quot;U+0645&quot;,&quot;arabic letter meem&quot;,&quot;m&quot;,&quot;m&quot;],[&quot;\u0646&quot;,&quot;U+0646&quot;,&quot;arabic letter noon&quot;,&quot;n&quot;,&quot;n&quot;],[&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;U+0648&quot;,&quot;arabic letter waw&quot;,&quot;v \/ \u016b \/ aw&quot;,&quot;v, u\u02d0, ow&quot;],[&quot;\u0647&quot;,&quot;U+0647&quot;,&quot;arabic letter heh&quot;,&quot;h&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;U+06CC&quot;,&quot;arabic letter farsi yeh&quot;,&quot;y \/ \u012b \/ ay&quot;,&quot;j, i\u02d0, ej&quot;]]}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__bar\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Temukan sebuah huruf<\/span><input type=\"search\" class=\"pf-lx-chart__q\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><\/label><p class=\"pf-lx-chart__count\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><\/div>\n<ol class=\"pf-lx-chart__grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"rtl\"><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"0\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"1\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0628<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"2\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u067e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"3\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"4\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062b<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"5\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062c<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"6\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0686<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"7\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"8\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"9\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062f<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"10\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0630<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"11\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0631<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"12\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"13\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0698<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"14\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0633<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"15\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0634<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"16\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0635<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"17\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0636<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"18\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0637<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"19\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0638<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"20\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0639<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"21\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u063a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"22\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"23\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0642<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"24\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"25\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06af<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"26\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"27\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"28\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"29\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"30\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"31\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06cc<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__detail\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"name\" hidden>Nama Unicode<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"cp\" hidden>Titik kode<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"rom\" hidden>Romanisasi<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ipa\" hidden>Bunyi (IPA)<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"forms\" hidden>Bentuk<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"iso\" hidden>Sendiri<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ini\" hidden>Awal<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"med\" hidden>Tengah kata<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"fin\" hidden>Akhir<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"upper\" hidden>Ibu kota<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copy\" hidden>Salin<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copied\" hidden>Tersalin<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"n\" hidden>{n} huruf<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"pick\" hidden>Pilih huruf untuk melihat bentuk, titik kode, dan bunyinya.<\/span>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Tampilkan sebagai tabel<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Huruf<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Titik kode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Nama Unicode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Romanisasi<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Bunyi (IPA)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0627<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0, \u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0628<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter beh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+067E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter peh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter teh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062B<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter theh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d\u0361\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0686<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tcheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t\u0361\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062D<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter khah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062F<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0630<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter thal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0631<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter reh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u027e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0632<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0698<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0633<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter seen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0634<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sheen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0635<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0636<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0637<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0638<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0639<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+063A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ghain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0263, \u0262<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0641<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter feh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0642<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter qaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0262, \u0263<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06A9<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter keheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06AF<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter gaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0261<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0644<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter lam<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0645<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter meem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0646<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter noon<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0648<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0648<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter waw<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">v, u\u02d0, ow<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0647<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter heh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06cc<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06CC<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter farsi yeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">j, i\u02d0, ej<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0622<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef with madda above<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0621<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hamza<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">ZWNJ<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+200C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">zero width non-joiner<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\"><\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-script\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0626 \u0627 \u0628<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/sorani-arabic\/#chart\">Alfabet Kurdi berbasis Arab<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"sdh\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0626 \u0627 \u0628<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/southern-kurdish-arabic\/#chart\">Kurdi Selatan dalam alfabet berbasis Arab<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">a b c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/kurmanji-latin\/#chart\">Alfabet Latin Kurdi (Hawar)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0430 \u0431 \u0449<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/#chart\">Alfabet Sirilik Kurdi<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0430 \u0431 \u0432<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/russian-cyrillic\/#chart\">Alfabet Sirilik Rusia<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"numerals\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Pengonversi angka<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Ketik angka dengan salah satu jenis digit ini.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-num\" id=\"pf-lx-num-latn-arabext-arab\" data-pf-mod=\"numerals\" data-lx=\"{&quot;systems&quot;:[[&quot;latn&quot;,&quot;Western digits&quot;,&quot;0123456789&quot;,0],[&quot;arabext&quot;,&quot;Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits&quot;,&quot;\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2\u06f3\u06f4\u06f5\u06f6\u06f7\u06f8\u06f9&quot;,0],[&quot;arab&quot;,&quot;Arabic-Indic digits&quot;,&quot;\u0660\u0661\u0662\u0663\u0664\u0665\u0666\u0667\u0668\u0669&quot;,0]]}\">\n<p class=\"pf-lx-num__in\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Angka<\/span><input type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"2026\" autocomplete=\"off\" dir=\"ltr\"><\/label><\/p>\n<dl class=\"pf-lx-num__out\"><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Digit Barat <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">latn<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"latn\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Angka Arab-India Diperluas (Persia) <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">arabext<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"arabext\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Digit Arab-Hindi <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">arab<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"arab\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"range\" hidden>Angka huruf mencakup 1 sampai {max}.<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"bad\" hidden>Ketik bilangan bulat dengan salah satu jenis digit ini.<\/span>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Angka dari sistem penomoran Unicode CLDR. Angka Persia berbeda dari angka Arab pada bentuk 4, 5, dan 6.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Tampilkan sebagai tabel<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Angka<\/th><th scope=\"col\">0<\/th><th scope=\"col\">1<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2<\/th><th scope=\"col\">3<\/th><th scope=\"col\">4<\/th><th scope=\"col\">5<\/th><th scope=\"col\">6<\/th><th scope=\"col\">7<\/th><th scope=\"col\">8<\/th><th scope=\"col\">9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Digit Barat<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Angka Arab-India Diperluas (Persia)<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Digit Arab-Hindi<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0660<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0661<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0662<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0663<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0664<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0665<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0666<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0667<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0668<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0669<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"translit\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Transliterasi<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Pilih standar dan jenis. Setiap standar adalah tabel romanisasi ALA-LC yang telah diterbitkan.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-tr\" id=\"pf-lx-tr-fa-alalc-ku-alalc-latn-cyrl-ku-alalc-latn-arab-ku-alalc-arab-latn\" data-pf-mod=\"translit\" data-lx=\"{&quot;fa-alalc&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Persian to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Latn&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-persian&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;\u0628&quot;:&quot;b&quot;,&quot;\u067e&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;\u062a&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u062b&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u062c&quot;:&quot;j&quot;,&quot;\u0686&quot;:&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;\u062d&quot;:&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;\u062e&quot;:&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;\u062f&quot;:&quot;d&quot;,&quot;\u0630&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0631&quot;:&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u0632&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0698&quot;:&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0633&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u0634&quot;:&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0635&quot;:&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;\u0636&quot;:&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;\u0637&quot;:&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;\u0638&quot;:&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;\u0639&quot;:&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u063a&quot;:&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0641&quot;:&quot;f&quot;,&quot;\u0642&quot;:&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u06a9&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u0643&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u06af&quot;:&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0644&quot;:&quot;l&quot;,&quot;\u0645&quot;:&quot;m&quot;,&quot;\u0646&quot;:&quot;n&quot;,&quot;\u0647&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u0629&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u0622&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;\u0621&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u0623&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0624&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0626&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u200c&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;vowels&quot;:{&quot;alef&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;alefInitial&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;vav&quot;:[&quot;v&quot;,&quot;\u016b&quot;],&quot;yeh&quot;:[&quot;y&quot;,&quot;\u012b&quot;]},&quot;chars&quot;:&quot;\u06cc \u064a \u0648 \u0627&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Letter by letter. Short vowels are not written in Persian, so a full romanisation needs them supplied from a dictionary. \u0648 and \u06cc are read as consonants at the start of a word or beside a vowel letter, otherwise as long vowels.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-latn-cyrl&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Latin to Cyrillic, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;kmr&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Cyrl&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;ltr&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;a&quot;:&quot;\u0430&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;\u0431&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;\u0449&quot;,&quot;\u00e7&quot;:&quot;\u0447&quot;,&quot;d&quot;:&quot;\u0434&quot;,&quot;e&quot;:&quot;\u04d9&quot;,&quot;\u00ea&quot;:&quot;\u0435&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:&quot;\u0444&quot;,&quot;g&quot;:&quot;\u0433&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;\u04bb&quot;,&quot;i&quot;:&quot;\u044c&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;:&quot;\u0438&quot;,&quot;j&quot;:&quot;\u0436&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;\u043a&quot;,&quot;l&quot;:&quot;\u043b&quot;,&quot;m&quot;:&quot;\u043c&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;\u043d&quot;,&quot;o&quot;:&quot;\u043e&quot;,&quot;p&quot;:&quot;\u043f&quot;,&quot;q&quot;:&quot;\u051b&quot;,&quot;r&quot;:&quot;\u0440&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;\u0441&quot;,&quot;\u015f&quot;:&quot;\u0448&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;\u0442&quot;,&quot;u&quot;:&quot;\u04e7&quot;,&quot;\u00fb&quot;:&quot;\u0443&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;\u0432&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;\u051d&quot;,&quot;x&quot;:&quot;\u0445&quot;,&quot;y&quot;:&quot;\u0439&quot;,&quot;z&quot;:&quot;\u0437&quot;,&quot;\u1e27&quot;:&quot;\u04bb\u2019&quot;,&quot;\u1e8d&quot;:&quot;\u0433\u2019&quot;},&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Letter by letter, from the Hawar Latin letters to Kurdish Cyrillic.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;Ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-latn-arab&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Latin to the Arabic-based alphabet, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;kmr&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Arab&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;ltr&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;a&quot;:&quot;\u0627&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;\u0628&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;\u062c&quot;,&quot;\u00e7&quot;:&quot;\u0686&quot;,&quot;d&quot;:&quot;\u062f&quot;,&quot;e&quot;:&quot;\u06d5&quot;,&quot;\u00ea&quot;:&quot;\u06ce&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:&quot;\u0641&quot;,&quot;g&quot;:&quot;\u06af&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;\u0647&quot;,&quot;\u1e27&quot;:&quot;\u062d&quot;,&quot;i&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;:&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;j&quot;:&quot;\u0698&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;\u06a9&quot;,&quot;l&quot;:&quot;\u0644&quot;,&quot;\u0142&quot;:&quot;\u06b5&quot;,&quot;m&quot;:&quot;\u0645&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;\u0646&quot;,&quot;o&quot;:&quot;\u06c6&quot;,&quot;p&quot;:&quot;\u067e&quot;,&quot;q&quot;:&quot;\u0642&quot;,&quot;r&quot;:&quot;\u0631&quot;,&quot;r\u0304&quot;:&quot;\u0695&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;\u0633&quot;,&quot;\u015f&quot;:&quot;\u0634&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;\u062a&quot;,&quot;u&quot;:&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;\u00fb&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0648&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;\u06a4&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;x&quot;:&quot;\u062e&quot;,&quot;\u1e8d&quot;:&quot;\u063a&quot;,&quot;y&quot;:&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;z&quot;:&quot;\u0632&quot;,&quot;\u2018&quot;:&quot;\u0639&quot;},&quot;seat&quot;:&quot;\u0626&quot;,&quot;vowelsLatin&quot;:&quot;ae\u00eai\u00eeou\u00fb&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;A word that starts with a vowel, and a vowel after a vowel, take the seat \u0626. Short i is not written.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;Ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-arab-latn&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;ckb&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Latn&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;\u0627&quot;:&quot;a&quot;,&quot;\u0628&quot;:&quot;b&quot;,&quot;\u067e&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;\u062a&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u062c&quot;:&quot;c&quot;,&quot;\u0686&quot;:&quot;\u00e7&quot;,&quot;\u062d&quot;:&quot;\u1e27&quot;,&quot;\u062e&quot;:&quot;x&quot;,&quot;\u062f&quot;:&quot;d&quot;,&quot;\u0631&quot;:&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u0695&quot;:&quot;r\u0304&quot;,&quot;\u0632&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0698&quot;:&quot;j&quot;,&quot;\u0633&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u0634&quot;:&quot;\u015f&quot;,&quot;\u0639&quot;:&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u063a&quot;:&quot;\u1e8d&quot;,&quot;\u0641&quot;:&quot;f&quot;,&quot;\u06a4&quot;:&quot;v&quot;,&quot;\u0642&quot;:&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u06a9&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u0643&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u06af&quot;:&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0644&quot;:&quot;l&quot;,&quot;\u06b5&quot;:&quot;\u0142&quot;,&quot;\u0645&quot;:&quot;m&quot;,&quot;\u0646&quot;:&quot;n&quot;,&quot;\u0647&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u06be&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u06d5&quot;:&quot;e&quot;,&quot;\u06c6&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;\u06ce&quot;:&quot;\u00ea&quot;,&quot;\u0626&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;digraphs&quot;:{&quot;\u0648\u0648&quot;:&quot;\u00fb&quot;},&quot;vowels&quot;:{&quot;vav&quot;:[&quot;w&quot;,&quot;u&quot;],&quot;yeh&quot;:[&quot;y&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;]},&quot;chars&quot;:&quot;\u0648 \u06cc \u064a&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;\u0648 and \u06cc are read as consonants beside a vowel and as vowels between consonants. Short i is not written, so it does not appear.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc&quot;}}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__form\" hidden>\n<label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Baku<\/span><select class=\"pf-lx-tr__std\"><option value=\"fa-alalc\">Persia ke Latin, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-latn-cyrl\">Latin Kurdi ke Sirilik, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-latn-arab\">Latin Kurdi ke alfabet berbasis Arab, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-arab-latn\">Alfabet Kurdi berbasis Arab ke Latin, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><\/select><\/label>\n<label class=\"pf-lx-field pf-lx-field--wide\"><span>Teks<\/span><textarea class=\"pf-lx-tr__in\" rows=\"2\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" spellcheck=\"false\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/textarea><\/label>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-tr__std-name\">Persia ke Latin, ALA-LC (2012)<\/p>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__pair\"><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__src\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__out\" aria-live=\"polite\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">zb\u0101n f\u0101rs\u012b<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note pf-lx-tr__note\">Huruf demi huruf. Vokal pendek tidak ditulis dalam bahasa Persia, sehingga romanisasi lengkap memerlukan vokal itu dari kamus. \u0648 dan \u06cc dibaca sebagai konsonan di awal kata atau di samping huruf vokal, selain itu sebagai vokal panjang.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Tidak ada yang Anda ketik meninggalkan peramban Anda. Alat bantu belajar: periksa setiap teks terhadap standarnya sebelum Anda memakainya.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Persia ke Latin, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Huruf<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Menjadi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0643<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0629<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0623<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0624<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/persian.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Persian, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Latin Kurdi ke Sirilik, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Huruf<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Menjadi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0430<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0431<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0449<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00e7<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0447<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0434<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04d9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ea<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0435<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0444<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">g<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0433<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">h<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04bb<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">i<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u044c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ee<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0438<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">j<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0436<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">k<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">l<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">m<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">n<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">o<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">p<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">q<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u051b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0440<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">s<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0441<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u015f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0448<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">t<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0442<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">u<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04e7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00fb<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0443<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">v<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0432<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">w<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u051d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">x<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0445<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">y<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0439<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">z<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0437<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e27<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04bb\u2019<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0433\u2019<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Latin Kurdi ke alfabet berbasis Arab, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Huruf<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Menjadi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0627<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0628<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00e7<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0686<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06d5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ea<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06ce<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0641<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">g<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06af<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">h<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0647<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e27<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">i<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ee<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">j<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0698<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">k<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06a9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">l<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0644<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0142<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06b5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">m<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0645<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">n<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0646<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">o<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06c6<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">p<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u067e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">q<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0642<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0631<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r\u0304<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0695<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">s<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0633<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u015f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0634<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">t<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">u<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00fb<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">v<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06a4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">w<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">x<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u063a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">y<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">z<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0632<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u2018<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0639<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Alfabet Kurdi berbasis Arab ke Latin, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Huruf<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Menjadi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00e7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e27<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0695<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r\u0304<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u015f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a4<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">v<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0643<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06b5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0142<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06be<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06d5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06c6<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">o<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06ce<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00ea<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Tabel pelafalan<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Huruf setiap bahasa beserta bunyinya, di halaman Linguistiknya.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-lang\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Latn\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/kmr-latn\/linguistics\/\">Kurmanji (Kurdi Utara)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\">Sorani (Kurdi Tengah)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">Zazak\u00ee<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/zza\/linguistics\/\">Zazaki (Kirmanck\u00ee, Dimilk\u00ee)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"sdh\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/sdh\/linguistics\/\">Kurdi Selatan (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"hac\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/hac\/linguistics\/\">Gorani \/ Hawrami<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"lki\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/lki\/linguistics\/\">Laki<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/ru\/linguistics\/\">Bahasa Rusia<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Cara kerja alat<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>Setiap alat adalah bagian dari situs ini. Tidak ada layanan, fon, atau skrip luar yang dimuat.<\/li><li>Tanpa JavaScript, setiap alat menampilkan tabel lengkapnya.<\/li><li>Huruf berasal dari Unicode CLDR, nama dan titik kode dari Unicode Character Database, dan transliterasi dari tabel ALA-LC.<\/li><li>Alat bantu mengajar: periksa teks apa pun terhadap standar sebelum Anda menerbitkannya.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cldr.unicode.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode18.0.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/roman.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Kutip halaman ini<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Language tools<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cLanguage Tools.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_tools,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Language tools},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_tools.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_tools.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_tools.bib\">Unduh <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_too\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Language tools\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_tools.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_tools.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_tools.ris\">Unduh <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Lisensi <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Riset dan sumber<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Karya terbaru dan relevan tentang topik halaman ini, dari sumber ilmiah terbuka yang disetujui. Hanya metadata dan tautan. Judul tetap seperti diterbitkan. Belum ditinjau.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7828189\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish and Persian: Dialects or Separate Languages?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Mohammed Khalid Mahmood,, Ali Qadir Hama Rash,, Mohammed Amin Qadir Hama Rash, et al. \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30845\/ijll.v10n3p1\" rel=\"noopener\">Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 International Journal of Language &amp; Linguistics<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/jokl.2024.63267\" rel=\"noopener\">A Comparative Study of the Function of Modal Verbs in Persian and Kurdish Languages (case study: two contemporary Persian and Kurdish novels)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zaniar Naghshbandi, Fardin Hosseinpanahi \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.06747\" rel=\"noopener\">The First Parallel Corpora for Kurdish Sign Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zina Kamal, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v10i1.561\" rel=\"noopener\">Struggling against language shift: Kurdish language education in Turkey<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Anu Leinonen \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17265461\" rel=\"noopener\">Proto-Kurdish: Historical Development and Linguistic Distinctiveness within the Northwestern Iranian Languages<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Marwan Hamay \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2026.113129\" rel=\"noopener\">Dasinya: A dataset and preprocessing pipeline for the Badini Kurdish dialect.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saeed VA, Jacksi K \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Data Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.11.1.5\" rel=\"noopener\">The Theories of standardization of language and Kurdish language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Omar Ahmed Azeez \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.01983\" rel=\"noopener\">Language and Speech Technology for Central Kurdish Varieties<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi, Daban Q. Jaff, Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam et al. \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14500\/aro.10167\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Dialects and Neighbor Languages Automatic Recognition<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Abdulbasit K. Al-Talabani, Zrar K. Abdul, Azad A. Ameen \u00b7 2017 \u00b7 ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9409057\/v1\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimizing Fake News Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models Using Sentence-Level FastText Vectors in Kurdish and English<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Karim\u00b9 AM, A.Hassn B \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Research Square<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.06041\" rel=\"noopener\">Towards Machine Translation for the Kurdish Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi, Mariam Masoud \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Sumber, lisensi, dan tanggal pengambilan: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bangun bersama kami\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bangun bersama kami<\/h2><p>Bergabunglah sebagai anggota, atau beri tahu kami apa yang dibutuhkan kota Anda. Anda memilih apa yang Anda bagikan.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Bergabung<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Profil Anda<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Kontak<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Jaringan\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span>KCO<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-netfoot__name\">Organisasi Kerja Sama Kurdi<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">KCO<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\">Beranda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/the-community\/\">Komunitas Kurdi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/federation\/\">Federasi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\">Program negara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/calendar\/\">Kalender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/search\/\">Cari<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Bidang<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/\">Akademi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/\">Warisan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\">Bahasa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/id\/\">Riset<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/id\/\">Peluang<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/id\/\">Kewargaan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/id\/\">Pembangunan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/\">Berita dan Acara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/areas\/\">Bidang kerja<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Program negara<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>Afrika<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Mesir<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asia-Pasifik<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Australia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jepang<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Selandia Baru<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Kaukasus<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Armenia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Azerbaijan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Georgia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asia Tengah<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kazakhstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kirgizstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turkmenistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Eropa<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Austria<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Belanda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Belgia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Denmark<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Finlandia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Inggris Raya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Italia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jerman<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Norwegia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Prancis<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Siprus<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Swedia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Swiss<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Yunani<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Eropa dan Asia Tengah<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Rusia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Timur Tengah<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Irak<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Iran<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Israel<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Lebanon<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Suriah<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turki<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Uni Emirat Arab<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Yordania<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amerika Utara<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Amerika Serikat<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kanada<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Ikut serta<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/membership\/\">Keanggotaan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/join\/\">Bergabung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/get-involved\/\">Ikut serta<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fid%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Masuk<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/start\/\">Mulai di sini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kontak<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Hukum dan keselamatan<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/protected-participation\/\">Partisipasi terlindungi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Piagam<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Tentang jaringan ini: apa kami dan apa yang bukan kami<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/corrections\/\">Koreksi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/verification\/\">Verifikasi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Bahasa<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Versi piagam<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">Organisasi Kerja Sama Kurdi adalah jaringan pendidikan dan pembangunan antarsesama (peer-to-peer) yang independen dari komunitas Kurdi. Organisasi ini bukan universitas dan tidak mengklaim kewenangan publik apa pun. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Tentang jaringan ini: apa kami dan apa yang bukan kami<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOBahasa Jaringan Bidang 01Akademi Setiap bidang pengetahuan, kursus dalam semua ragam bahasa Kurdi, dan komunitas praktik. 02Warisan Sejarah dari Zagros hingga kini, ingatan, agama dan kepercayaan, seni, sastra, dan &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Language tools&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":44,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-122","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}