{"id":143,"date":"2026-11-01T18:19:18","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:19:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:19:18","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:19:18","slug":"tools","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Language tools"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Z\u00eadetir\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Ziman<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Tor\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Tor\"><span>Tor<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Be\u015f<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akadem\u00ee<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Her qada zan\u00een\u00ea, kurs bi hem\u00fb zaravay\u00ean Kurd\u00ee, \u00fb civak\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ea.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>M\u00eeras<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">D\u00eerok ji Zagros\u00ea heta \u00eero, b\u00eer, bawer\u00ee, huner, w\u00eaje \u00fb xwarin.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Ziman<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanc\u00ee, Soran\u00ee, Zazak\u00ee, Kurdiya Ba\u015f\u00fbr \u00fb Goran\u00ee, bi hem\u00fb alfabeyan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>L\u00eakol\u00een<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurdoloj\u00ee: \u00e7avd\u00earxane, l\u00eestey\u00ean xwendin\u00ea \u00fb l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean n\u00fb.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Derfet<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Debar, j\u00eahat\u00eeb\u00fbn, kar, r\u00eaber\u00ee \u00fb pir\u00ean di navbera diyasporay\u00ea \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ea de.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Welat\u00eeb\u00fbn<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Perwerdeya welat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea, zan\u00eena mafan, al\u00eekar\u00ee ji bo b\u00eadewletiy\u00ea \u00fb diyalog.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>P\u00ea\u015fketin<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Bernamey\u00ean civak\u00ee, debar \u00fb amadeb\u00fbna li hember karesatan ji bo civak\u00ean Kurd.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>N\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb b\u00fbyer<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">N\u00fb\u00e7ey\u00ean Kurd\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee ku her dezgeh t\u00ea de et\u00eeketkir\u00ee ye, \u00fb salnameya roj\u00ean Kurd\u00ee.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\">Destp\u00eak<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/areas\/\">Be\u015f\u00ean xebat\u00ea<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/calendar\/\">Salname<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/the-community\/\">Civak\u00ean Kurd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Bernamey\u00ean welatan\"><span>Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\">Hem\u00fb 35 bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Ev malper\"><span>Ev malper<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/\">Ziman<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/#register\">Ziman<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/\">Alfabe<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Am\u00fbr<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/learn\/\">F\u00earb\u00fbn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/resources\/\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/preservation\/\">Parastin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/sources\/\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Derbar\u00ea me\"><span>Derbar\u00ea me<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Derbar\u00ea me<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Derbar\u00ea me<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/federation\/\">Federasyon<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Federasyon \u00e7awa dixebite<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/the-community\/\">Civak\u00ean Kurd<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea tor\u00ea de: em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Peymanname<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/membership\/\">Endamt\u00ee<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Endamt\u00ee \u00fb be\u015fdarb\u00fbn<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\">Tevl\u00ee bibin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/get-involved\/\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">R\u00eay\u00ean be\u015fdarb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Yasay\u00ee \u00fb ewleh\u00ee<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/protected-participation\/\">Be\u015fdariya parast\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/corrections\/\">Rastkirin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00eakil\u00ee<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"L\u00eager\u00een  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">L\u00eager\u00een<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">L\u00eager\u00een<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"Di v\u00ea malper\u00ea de bigerin\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">L\u00eager\u00een<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Hesab\" data-tip=\"Hesab\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Hesab<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fkmr%2Fstart%2F\">T\u00eakeve<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=kmr\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Endam bibin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Prof\u00eela te<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/start\/\">Panel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">M\u00eeheng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Dani\u015f\u00een\u00ean we<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Derkeve<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Ziman\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Ziman<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">KMR<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Pergal\" data-tip=\"Pergal\" data-l-light=\"Ron\u00ee\" data-l-dark=\"Tar\u00ee\" data-l-system=\"Pergal\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path 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aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><span>Akadem\u00ee<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><span>Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/calendar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><span>Salname<\/span><\/a><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>Men\u00fb<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Ev r\u00fbpel werger e. Ji aliy\u00ea ax\u00eaver\u00ean ziman\u00ea zikmak\u00ee ve t\u00ea kontrolkirin; r\u00fbpela bi \u00cengil\u00eez\u00ee referans e.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"\u015eopa r\u00fbpel\u00ea\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/\">Ziman<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Am\u00fbr<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Ziman<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Am\u00fbr\u00ean zim\u00ean<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Tabloya niv\u00eesan, guh\u00earbar\u00ea hejmaran \u00fb werniv\u00ees\u00een li gor\u00ee standard\u00ean vekir\u00ee. Ew di geroka we de dixebitin \u00fb ti\u015ft\u00ea h\u00fbn diniv\u00eesin nay\u00ea \u015fandin ti der\u00ea.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"chart\"><\/span><nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Di v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea de\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Di v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea de<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Tabloya alfabey\u00ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Veguher\u00eener\u00ea jimaran<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Transliterasyon<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Tabloy\u00ean bil\u00eavkirin\u00ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Am\u00fbr \u00e7awa dixebitin<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>L\u00eakol\u00een \u00fb \u00e7avkan\u00ee<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Tabloya alfabey\u00ea<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Alfabeya Faris\u00ee. Her alfabeyeke din tabloya xwe li ser r\u00fbpela xwe heye.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-chart\" id=\"pf-lx-chart-persian-16\" data-pf-mod=\"scriptchart\" data-lx=\"{&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;join&quot;:true,&quot;letters&quot;:[[&quot;\u0627&quot;,&quot;U+0627&quot;,&quot;arabic letter alef&quot;,&quot;\u0101 \/ not written&quot;,&quot;\u0252\u02d0, \u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u0628&quot;,&quot;U+0628&quot;,&quot;arabic letter beh&quot;,&quot;b&quot;,&quot;b&quot;],[&quot;\u067e&quot;,&quot;U+067E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter peh&quot;,&quot;p&quot;,&quot;p&quot;],[&quot;\u062a&quot;,&quot;U+062A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter teh&quot;,&quot;t&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u062b&quot;,&quot;U+062B&quot;,&quot;arabic letter theh&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u062c&quot;,&quot;U+062C&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeem&quot;,&quot;j&quot;,&quot;d\u0361\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0686&quot;,&quot;U+0686&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tcheh&quot;,&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;t\u0361\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u062d&quot;,&quot;U+062D&quot;,&quot;arabic letter hah&quot;,&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u062e&quot;,&quot;U+062E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter khah&quot;,&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;x&quot;],[&quot;\u062f&quot;,&quot;U+062F&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dal&quot;,&quot;d&quot;,&quot;d&quot;],[&quot;\u0630&quot;,&quot;U+0630&quot;,&quot;arabic letter thal&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0631&quot;,&quot;U+0631&quot;,&quot;arabic letter reh&quot;,&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u027e&quot;],[&quot;\u0632&quot;,&quot;U+0632&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zain&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0698&quot;,&quot;U+0698&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeh&quot;,&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0633&quot;,&quot;U+0633&quot;,&quot;arabic letter seen&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0634&quot;,&quot;U+0634&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sheen&quot;,&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u0635&quot;,&quot;U+0635&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sad&quot;,&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0636&quot;,&quot;U+0636&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dad&quot;,&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0637&quot;,&quot;U+0637&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tah&quot;,&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u0638&quot;,&quot;U+0638&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zah&quot;,&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0639&quot;,&quot;U+0639&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ain&quot;,&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u063a&quot;,&quot;U+063A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ghain&quot;,&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0263, \u0262&quot;],[&quot;\u0641&quot;,&quot;U+0641&quot;,&quot;arabic letter feh&quot;,&quot;f&quot;,&quot;f&quot;],[&quot;\u0642&quot;,&quot;U+0642&quot;,&quot;arabic letter qaf&quot;,&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u0262, \u0263&quot;],[&quot;\u06a9&quot;,&quot;U+06A9&quot;,&quot;arabic letter keheh&quot;,&quot;k&quot;,&quot;k&quot;],[&quot;\u06af&quot;,&quot;U+06AF&quot;,&quot;arabic letter gaf&quot;,&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0261&quot;],[&quot;\u0644&quot;,&quot;U+0644&quot;,&quot;arabic letter lam&quot;,&quot;l&quot;,&quot;l&quot;],[&quot;\u0645&quot;,&quot;U+0645&quot;,&quot;arabic letter meem&quot;,&quot;m&quot;,&quot;m&quot;],[&quot;\u0646&quot;,&quot;U+0646&quot;,&quot;arabic letter noon&quot;,&quot;n&quot;,&quot;n&quot;],[&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;U+0648&quot;,&quot;arabic letter waw&quot;,&quot;v \/ \u016b \/ aw&quot;,&quot;v, u\u02d0, ow&quot;],[&quot;\u0647&quot;,&quot;U+0647&quot;,&quot;arabic letter heh&quot;,&quot;h&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;U+06CC&quot;,&quot;arabic letter farsi yeh&quot;,&quot;y \/ \u012b \/ ay&quot;,&quot;j, i\u02d0, ej&quot;]]}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__bar\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>T\u00eepek\u00ea bib\u00eenin<\/span><input type=\"search\" class=\"pf-lx-chart__q\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><\/label><p class=\"pf-lx-chart__count\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><\/div>\n<ol class=\"pf-lx-chart__grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"rtl\"><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"0\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"1\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0628<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"2\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u067e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"3\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"4\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062b<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"5\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062c<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"6\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0686<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"7\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"8\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"9\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062f<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"10\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0630<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"11\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0631<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"12\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"13\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0698<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"14\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0633<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"15\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0634<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"16\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0635<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"17\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0636<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"18\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0637<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"19\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0638<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"20\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0639<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"21\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u063a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"22\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"23\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0642<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"24\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"25\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06af<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"26\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"27\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"28\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"29\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"30\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"31\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06cc<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__detail\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"name\" hidden>Nav\u00ea Unicode<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"cp\" hidden>Xala kod\u00ea<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"rom\" hidden>Roman\u00eezekirin<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ipa\" hidden>Deng (IPA)<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"forms\" hidden>\u015e\u00eawe<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"iso\" hidden>Ten\u00ea<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ini\" hidden>Desp\u00eak\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"med\" hidden>Nav\u00een<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"fin\" hidden>Daw\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"upper\" hidden>Paytext<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copy\" hidden>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copied\" hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"n\" hidden>{n} t\u00eep<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"pick\" hidden>T\u00eepek\u00ea hilbij\u00earin da ku form, xala kod\u00ea \u00fb deng\u00ea w\u00ea bib\u00eenin.<\/span>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Wek\u00ee tablo n\u00ee\u015fan bide<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">T\u00eep<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Xala kod\u00ea<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Nav\u00ea Unicode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Roman\u00eezekirin<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Deng (IPA)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0627<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0, \u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0628<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter beh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+067E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter peh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter teh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062B<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter theh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d\u0361\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0686<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tcheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t\u0361\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062D<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter khah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062F<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0630<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter thal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0631<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter reh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u027e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0632<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0698<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0633<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter seen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0634<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sheen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0635<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0636<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0637<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0638<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0639<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+063A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ghain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0263, \u0262<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0641<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter feh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0642<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter qaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0262, \u0263<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06A9<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter keheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06AF<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter gaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0261<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0644<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter lam<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0645<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter meem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0646<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter noon<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0648<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0648<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter waw<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">v, u\u02d0, ow<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0647<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter heh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06cc<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06CC<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter farsi yeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">j, i\u02d0, ej<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0622<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef with madda above<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0621<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hamza<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">ZWNJ<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+200C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">zero width non-joiner<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\"><\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-script\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0626 \u0627 \u0628<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/sorani-arabic\/#chart\">Alfabeya Kurd\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee-bingeh<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"sdh\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0626 \u0627 \u0628<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/southern-kurdish-arabic\/#chart\">Kurdiya Ba\u015f\u00fbr bi alfabeya Ereb\u00ee-bingeh<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">a b c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/kurmanji-latin\/#chart\">Alfabeya Kurd\u00ee ya Lat\u00een\u00ee (Hawar)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0430 \u0431 \u0449<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/#chart\">Alfabeya Kurd\u00ee ya Kir\u00eel\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0430 \u0431 \u0432<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/russian-cyrillic\/#chart\">Alfabeya Kir\u00eel\u00ee ya R\u00fbs\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"numerals\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Veguher\u00eener\u00ea jimaran<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Hejmarek\u00ea bi yek ji van reqeman biniv\u00eesin.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-num\" id=\"pf-lx-num-latn-arabext-arab\" data-pf-mod=\"numerals\" data-lx=\"{&quot;systems&quot;:[[&quot;latn&quot;,&quot;Western digits&quot;,&quot;0123456789&quot;,0],[&quot;arabext&quot;,&quot;Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits&quot;,&quot;\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2\u06f3\u06f4\u06f5\u06f6\u06f7\u06f8\u06f9&quot;,0],[&quot;arab&quot;,&quot;Arabic-Indic digits&quot;,&quot;\u0660\u0661\u0662\u0663\u0664\u0665\u0666\u0667\u0668\u0669&quot;,0]]}\">\n<p class=\"pf-lx-num__in\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Jimar<\/span><input type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"2026\" autocomplete=\"off\" dir=\"ltr\"><\/label><\/p>\n<dl class=\"pf-lx-num__out\"><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Reqem\u00ean rojavay\u00ee <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">latn<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"latn\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Reqem\u00ean Ereb\u00ee-Hind\u00ee y\u00ean dir\u00eajkir\u00ee (fars\u00ee) <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">arabext<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"arabext\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Hejmar\u00ean Ereb\u00ee-Hind\u00ee <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">arab<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"arab\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"range\" hidden>Jimar\u00ean t\u00eepan 1 heta {max} digirin.<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"bad\" hidden>Hejmareke temam bi yek ji van reqeman biniv\u00eesin.<\/span>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Reqem\u00ean ji pergal\u00ean jimartin\u00ea y\u00ean Unicode CLDR. Reqem\u00ean fars\u00ee di \u015fekl\u00ean 4, 5 \u00fb 6 de ji reqem\u00ean ereb\u00ee cuda ne.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Wek\u00ee tablo n\u00ee\u015fan bide<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reqem<\/th><th scope=\"col\">0<\/th><th scope=\"col\">1<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2<\/th><th scope=\"col\">3<\/th><th scope=\"col\">4<\/th><th scope=\"col\">5<\/th><th scope=\"col\">6<\/th><th scope=\"col\">7<\/th><th scope=\"col\">8<\/th><th scope=\"col\">9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Reqem\u00ean rojavay\u00ee<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Reqem\u00ean Ereb\u00ee-Hind\u00ee y\u00ean dir\u00eajkir\u00ee (fars\u00ee)<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Hejmar\u00ean Ereb\u00ee-Hind\u00ee<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0660<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0661<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0662<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0663<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0664<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0665<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0666<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0667<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0668<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0669<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"translit\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Transliterasyon<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Standard \u00fb celebek\u00ea hilbij\u00earin. Her standard tabloyek roman\u00eezasyona ALA-LC ya \u00e7apkir\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-tr\" id=\"pf-lx-tr-fa-alalc-ku-alalc-latn-cyrl-ku-alalc-latn-arab-ku-alalc-arab-latn\" data-pf-mod=\"translit\" data-lx=\"{&quot;fa-alalc&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Persian to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Latn&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-persian&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;\u0628&quot;:&quot;b&quot;,&quot;\u067e&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;\u062a&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u062b&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u062c&quot;:&quot;j&quot;,&quot;\u0686&quot;:&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;\u062d&quot;:&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;\u062e&quot;:&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;\u062f&quot;:&quot;d&quot;,&quot;\u0630&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0631&quot;:&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u0632&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0698&quot;:&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0633&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u0634&quot;:&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0635&quot;:&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;\u0636&quot;:&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;\u0637&quot;:&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;\u0638&quot;:&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;\u0639&quot;:&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u063a&quot;:&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0641&quot;:&quot;f&quot;,&quot;\u0642&quot;:&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u06a9&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u0643&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u06af&quot;:&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0644&quot;:&quot;l&quot;,&quot;\u0645&quot;:&quot;m&quot;,&quot;\u0646&quot;:&quot;n&quot;,&quot;\u0647&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u0629&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u0622&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;\u0621&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u0623&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0624&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0626&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u200c&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;vowels&quot;:{&quot;alef&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;alefInitial&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;vav&quot;:[&quot;v&quot;,&quot;\u016b&quot;],&quot;yeh&quot;:[&quot;y&quot;,&quot;\u012b&quot;]},&quot;chars&quot;:&quot;\u06cc \u064a \u0648 \u0627&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Letter by letter. Short vowels are not written in Persian, so a full romanisation needs them supplied from a dictionary. \u0648 and \u06cc are read as consonants at the start of a word or beside a vowel letter, otherwise as long vowels.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-latn-cyrl&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Latin to Cyrillic, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;kmr&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Cyrl&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;ltr&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;a&quot;:&quot;\u0430&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;\u0431&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;\u0449&quot;,&quot;\u00e7&quot;:&quot;\u0447&quot;,&quot;d&quot;:&quot;\u0434&quot;,&quot;e&quot;:&quot;\u04d9&quot;,&quot;\u00ea&quot;:&quot;\u0435&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:&quot;\u0444&quot;,&quot;g&quot;:&quot;\u0433&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;\u04bb&quot;,&quot;i&quot;:&quot;\u044c&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;:&quot;\u0438&quot;,&quot;j&quot;:&quot;\u0436&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;\u043a&quot;,&quot;l&quot;:&quot;\u043b&quot;,&quot;m&quot;:&quot;\u043c&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;\u043d&quot;,&quot;o&quot;:&quot;\u043e&quot;,&quot;p&quot;:&quot;\u043f&quot;,&quot;q&quot;:&quot;\u051b&quot;,&quot;r&quot;:&quot;\u0440&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;\u0441&quot;,&quot;\u015f&quot;:&quot;\u0448&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;\u0442&quot;,&quot;u&quot;:&quot;\u04e7&quot;,&quot;\u00fb&quot;:&quot;\u0443&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;\u0432&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;\u051d&quot;,&quot;x&quot;:&quot;\u0445&quot;,&quot;y&quot;:&quot;\u0439&quot;,&quot;z&quot;:&quot;\u0437&quot;,&quot;\u1e27&quot;:&quot;\u04bb\u2019&quot;,&quot;\u1e8d&quot;:&quot;\u0433\u2019&quot;},&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Letter by letter, from the Hawar Latin letters to Kurdish Cyrillic.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;Ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-latn-arab&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Latin to the Arabic-based alphabet, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;kmr&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Arab&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;ltr&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;a&quot;:&quot;\u0627&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;\u0628&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;\u062c&quot;,&quot;\u00e7&quot;:&quot;\u0686&quot;,&quot;d&quot;:&quot;\u062f&quot;,&quot;e&quot;:&quot;\u06d5&quot;,&quot;\u00ea&quot;:&quot;\u06ce&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:&quot;\u0641&quot;,&quot;g&quot;:&quot;\u06af&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;\u0647&quot;,&quot;\u1e27&quot;:&quot;\u062d&quot;,&quot;i&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;:&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;j&quot;:&quot;\u0698&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;\u06a9&quot;,&quot;l&quot;:&quot;\u0644&quot;,&quot;\u0142&quot;:&quot;\u06b5&quot;,&quot;m&quot;:&quot;\u0645&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;\u0646&quot;,&quot;o&quot;:&quot;\u06c6&quot;,&quot;p&quot;:&quot;\u067e&quot;,&quot;q&quot;:&quot;\u0642&quot;,&quot;r&quot;:&quot;\u0631&quot;,&quot;r\u0304&quot;:&quot;\u0695&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;\u0633&quot;,&quot;\u015f&quot;:&quot;\u0634&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;\u062a&quot;,&quot;u&quot;:&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;\u00fb&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0648&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;\u06a4&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;x&quot;:&quot;\u062e&quot;,&quot;\u1e8d&quot;:&quot;\u063a&quot;,&quot;y&quot;:&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;z&quot;:&quot;\u0632&quot;,&quot;\u2018&quot;:&quot;\u0639&quot;},&quot;seat&quot;:&quot;\u0626&quot;,&quot;vowelsLatin&quot;:&quot;ae\u00eai\u00eeou\u00fb&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;A word that starts with a vowel, and a vowel after a vowel, take the seat \u0626. Short i is not written.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;Ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-arab-latn&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;ckb&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Latn&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;\u0627&quot;:&quot;a&quot;,&quot;\u0628&quot;:&quot;b&quot;,&quot;\u067e&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;\u062a&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u062c&quot;:&quot;c&quot;,&quot;\u0686&quot;:&quot;\u00e7&quot;,&quot;\u062d&quot;:&quot;\u1e27&quot;,&quot;\u062e&quot;:&quot;x&quot;,&quot;\u062f&quot;:&quot;d&quot;,&quot;\u0631&quot;:&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u0695&quot;:&quot;r\u0304&quot;,&quot;\u0632&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0698&quot;:&quot;j&quot;,&quot;\u0633&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u0634&quot;:&quot;\u015f&quot;,&quot;\u0639&quot;:&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u063a&quot;:&quot;\u1e8d&quot;,&quot;\u0641&quot;:&quot;f&quot;,&quot;\u06a4&quot;:&quot;v&quot;,&quot;\u0642&quot;:&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u06a9&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u0643&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u06af&quot;:&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0644&quot;:&quot;l&quot;,&quot;\u06b5&quot;:&quot;\u0142&quot;,&quot;\u0645&quot;:&quot;m&quot;,&quot;\u0646&quot;:&quot;n&quot;,&quot;\u0647&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u06be&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u06d5&quot;:&quot;e&quot;,&quot;\u06c6&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;\u06ce&quot;:&quot;\u00ea&quot;,&quot;\u0626&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;digraphs&quot;:{&quot;\u0648\u0648&quot;:&quot;\u00fb&quot;},&quot;vowels&quot;:{&quot;vav&quot;:[&quot;w&quot;,&quot;u&quot;],&quot;yeh&quot;:[&quot;y&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;]},&quot;chars&quot;:&quot;\u0648 \u06cc \u064a&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;\u0648 and \u06cc are read as consonants beside a vowel and as vowels between consonants. Short i is not written, so it does not appear.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc&quot;}}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__form\" hidden>\n<label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Standard<\/span><select class=\"pf-lx-tr__std\"><option value=\"fa-alalc\">Faris\u00ee bo Lat\u00een\u00ee, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-latn-cyrl\">Lat\u00een\u00eeya Kurd\u00ee bo Kir\u00eel\u00ee, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-latn-arab\">Lat\u00een\u00eeya Kurd\u00ee bo alfabeya Ereb\u00ee-bingeh, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-arab-latn\">Alfabeya Kurd\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee-bingeh bo Lat\u00een\u00ee, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><\/select><\/label>\n<label class=\"pf-lx-field pf-lx-field--wide\"><span>Niv\u00ees<\/span><textarea class=\"pf-lx-tr__in\" rows=\"2\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" spellcheck=\"false\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/textarea><\/label>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-tr__std-name\">Faris\u00ee bo Lat\u00een\u00ee, ALA-LC (2012)<\/p>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__pair\"><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__src\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__out\" aria-live=\"polite\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">zb\u0101n f\u0101rs\u012b<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note pf-lx-tr__note\">T\u00eep bi t\u00eep. Dengd\u00ear\u00ean kurt di Faris\u00ee de nay\u00ean niv\u00eesandin, ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea roman\u00eezasyoneke tam hewce dike ku ew ji ferheng\u00ea b\u00eane peydakirin. \u0648 \u00fb \u06cc di destp\u00eaka peyv\u00ea de an li k\u00ealeka t\u00eepeke dengd\u00ear wek\u00ee dengdar t\u00ean xwendin, wek\u00ee din wek\u00ee dengd\u00ear\u00ean dir\u00eaj.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku h\u00fbn diniv\u00eesin ji gerok\u00ea we dernakeve. Al\u00eekariyeke h\u00eenkirin\u00ea: ber\u00ee ku h\u00fbn bi kar b\u00eenin her niv\u00ees\u00ea li gor\u00ee standard\u00ea kontrol bikin.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Faris\u00ee bo Lat\u00een\u00ee, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">T\u00eep<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Dibe<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0643<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0629<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0623<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0624<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/persian.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Persian, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Lat\u00een\u00eeya Kurd\u00ee bo Kir\u00eel\u00ee, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">T\u00eep<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Dibe<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0430<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0431<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0449<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00e7<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0447<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0434<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04d9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ea<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0435<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0444<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">g<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0433<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">h<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04bb<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">i<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u044c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ee<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0438<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">j<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0436<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">k<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">l<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">m<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">n<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">o<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">p<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">q<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u051b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0440<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">s<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0441<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u015f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0448<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">t<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0442<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">u<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04e7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00fb<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0443<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">v<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0432<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">w<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u051d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">x<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0445<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">y<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0439<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">z<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0437<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e27<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04bb\u2019<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0433\u2019<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Lat\u00een\u00eeya Kurd\u00ee bo alfabeya Ereb\u00ee-bingeh, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">T\u00eep<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Dibe<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0627<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0628<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00e7<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0686<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06d5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ea<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06ce<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0641<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">g<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06af<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">h<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0647<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e27<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">i<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ee<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">j<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0698<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">k<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06a9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">l<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0644<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0142<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06b5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">m<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0645<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">n<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0646<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">o<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06c6<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">p<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u067e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">q<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0642<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0631<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r\u0304<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0695<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">s<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0633<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u015f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0634<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">t<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">u<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00fb<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">v<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06a4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">w<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">x<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u063a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">y<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">z<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0632<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u2018<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0639<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Alfabeya Kurd\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee-bingeh bo Lat\u00een\u00ee, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">T\u00eep<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Dibe<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00e7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e27<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0695<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r\u0304<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u015f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a4<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">v<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0643<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06b5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0142<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06be<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06d5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06c6<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">o<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06ce<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00ea<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><\/p><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Tabloy\u00ean bil\u00eavkirin\u00ea<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">T\u00eep\u00ean her ziman\u00ee bi deng\u00ean wan, li r\u00fbpela w\u00ee ya Zimannasiy\u00ea.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-lang\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Latn\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/kmr-latn\/linguistics\/\">Kurmanc\u00ee (Kurdiya Bakur)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\">Soran\u00ee (Kurdiya Navend\u00ee)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">Zazak\u00ee<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/zza\/linguistics\/\">Zazak\u00ee (Kirmanck\u00ee, Dimilk\u00ee)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"sdh\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/sdh\/linguistics\/\">Kurdiya Ba\u015f\u00fbr (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"hac\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/hac\/linguistics\/\">Goran\u00ee \/ Hewram\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"lki\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/lki\/linguistics\/\">Lek\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/ru\/linguistics\/\">R\u00fbs\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Am\u00fbr \u00e7awa dixebitin<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>Her am\u00fbr be\u015fek ji v\u00ea malper\u00ea ye. Tu kar\u00fbbar, cureniv\u00ees an skr\u00eeptek ji derve nay\u00ea barkirin.<\/li><li>B\u00eay\u00ee JavaScript her am\u00fbr tabloya xwe ya tevah\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/li><li>T\u00eep ji Unicode CLDR t\u00ean, nav \u00fb xal\u00ean kod\u00ea ji Unicode Character Database, \u00fb transliterasyon ji tabloy\u00ean ALA-LC.<\/li><li>Al\u00eekariyek h\u00eenkirin\u00ea: ber\u00ee we\u015fandin\u00ea her niv\u00eesek\u00ea li gor\u00ee standard\u00ea kontrol bikin.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cldr.unicode.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode18.0.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/roman.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>J\u00eagirtina v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Language tools<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cLanguage Tools.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_tools,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Language tools},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_tools.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_tools.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_tools.bib\">Daxe <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_too\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Language tools\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_tools.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_tools.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_tools.ris\">Daxe <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">L\u00eesans <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>L\u00eakol\u00een \u00fb \u00e7avkan\u00ee<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Xebat\u00ean n\u00fb \u00fb t\u00eakildar li ser mijara v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea, ji \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean zanist\u00ee y\u00ean vekir\u00ee y\u00ean pejirand\u00ee. Ten\u00ea metadane \u00fb gir\u00eadan. Sernav wek ku hatine we\u015fandin dim\u00eenin. H\u00een nehatiye nirxandin.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7828189\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish and Persian: Dialects or Separate Languages?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Mohammed Khalid Mahmood,, Ali Qadir Hama Rash,, Mohammed Amin Qadir Hama Rash, et al. \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30845\/ijll.v10n3p1\" rel=\"noopener\">Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 International Journal of Language &amp; Linguistics<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/jokl.2024.63267\" rel=\"noopener\">A Comparative Study of the Function of Modal Verbs in Persian and Kurdish Languages (case study: two contemporary Persian and Kurdish novels)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zaniar Naghshbandi, Fardin Hosseinpanahi \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.06747\" rel=\"noopener\">The First Parallel Corpora for Kurdish Sign Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zina Kamal, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">P\u00ea\u015f\u00e7ap<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v10i1.561\" rel=\"noopener\">Struggling against language shift: Kurdish language education in Turkey<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Anu Leinonen \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17265461\" rel=\"noopener\">Proto-Kurdish: Historical Development and Linguistic Distinctiveness within the Northwestern Iranian Languages<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Marwan Hamay \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2026.113129\" rel=\"noopener\">Dasinya: A dataset and preprocessing pipeline for the Badini Kurdish dialect.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saeed VA, Jacksi K \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Data Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.11.1.5\" rel=\"noopener\">The Theories of standardization of language and Kurdish language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Omar Ahmed Azeez \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.01983\" rel=\"noopener\">Language and Speech Technology for Central Kurdish Varieties<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi, Daban Q. Jaff, Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam et al. \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">P\u00ea\u015f\u00e7ap<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14500\/aro.10167\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Dialects and Neighbor Languages Automatic Recognition<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Abdulbasit K. Al-Talabani, Zrar K. Abdul, Azad A. Ameen \u00b7 2017 \u00b7 ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9409057\/v1\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimizing Fake News Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models Using Sentence-Level FastText Vectors in Kurdish and English<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Karim\u00b9 AM, A.Hassn B \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Research Square<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">P\u00ea\u015f\u00e7ap<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.06041\" rel=\"noopener\">Towards Machine Translation for the Kurdish Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi, Mariam Masoud \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">P\u00ea\u015f\u00e7ap<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee, l\u00eesans \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ean ki\u015fandin\u00ea: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bi me re ava bikin\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bi me re ava bikin<\/h2><p>Bibin endam, an j\u00ee ji me re bib\u00eajin bajar\u00ea we \u00e7i hewce dike. H\u00fbn bi xwe hildibij\u00earin ku h\u00fbn \u00e7i parve dikin.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Tevl\u00ee bibin<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Prof\u00eela te<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">T\u00eakil\u00ee<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Tor\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Dan\u00eemarka<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">F\u00eenlenda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Fransa<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Holanda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00cetalya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" 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data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sw\u00eesre<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Y\u00fbnanistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ewropa \u00fb Asyaya Nav\u00een<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">R\u00fbsya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Rojhilata Nav\u00een<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00ceran<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00ceraq<span 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data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Urdun<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amer\u00eekaya Bakur<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Dewlet\u00ean Amer\u00eekay\u00ea y\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kanada<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/membership\/\">Endamt\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\">Tevl\u00ee bibin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/get-involved\/\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fkmr%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00eakeve<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/start\/\">Ji vir dest p\u00ea bikin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00eakil\u00ee<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Yasay\u00ee \u00fb ewleh\u00ee<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/protected-participation\/\">Be\u015fdariya parast\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Peymanname<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea tor\u00ea de: em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/corrections\/\">Rastkirin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/verification\/\">Pi\u015ftrastkirin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Ziman<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Guhertoya peymannamey\u00ea<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">R\u00eaxistina Hevkariya Kurd\u00ee toreke serbixwe ya perwerde \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea ya hevtayan e, ku ji civak\u00ean Kurd p\u00eak t\u00ea. 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