{"id":203,"date":"2026-11-01T18:21:18","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:21:18","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:21:18","slug":"kurdish-cyrillic","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/","title":{"rendered":"Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\" data-pf-nu=\"arab\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0661<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0662<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0663<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0664<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0665<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0666<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0667<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ar\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u0660\u0668<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/country-programmes\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/areas\/\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/calendar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/the-community\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/country-programmes\/\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0663\u0665)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\"><span>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/#register\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/\" aria-current=\"page\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/tools\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/learn\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/resources\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/preservation\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/sources\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646\"><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/federation\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/the-community\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/membership\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/join\/\">\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/get-involved\/\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/protected-participation\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ar\/corrections\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"\u0628\u062d\u062b  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Far%2Fstart%2F\">\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=ar\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/start\/\">\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0643<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">AR<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">\u0661\u0668<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\" aria-current=\"true\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\" data-l-light=\"\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\" data-l-dark=\"\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\" data-l-system=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__dark\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3a6 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 1 1-9-9Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__system\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <line x1=\"8\" x2=\"16\" y1=\"21\" y2=\"21\" \/> <line x1=\"12\" x2=\"12\" y1=\"17\" y2=\"21\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-nv__toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"pf-nv__bars\" d=\"M4 7h16M4 12h16M4 17h16\"\/><path class=\"pf-nv__x\" d=\"M6 6l12 12M18 6L6 18\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-nv__toggle-l\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"pf-rail\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\"><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"3\" x2=\"21\" y1=\"22\" y2=\"22\" \/> <line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"14\" x2=\"14\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/\" aria-current=\"page\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-shape\" viewBox=\"-8.5 -8.5 17 17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"0.5,-7.5 0.5,-6.5 1.5,-6.5 1.5,-5.5 2.5,-5.5 2.5,-4.5 3.5,-4.5 3.5,-3.5 4.5,-3.5 4.5,-2.5 5.5,-2.5 5.5,-1.5 6.5,-1.5 6.5,-0.5 7.5,-0.5 7.5,0.5 6.5,0.5 6.5,1.5 5.5,1.5 5.5,2.5 4.5,2.5 4.5,3.5 3.5,3.5 3.5,4.5 2.5,4.5 2.5,5.5 1.5,5.5 1.5,6.5 0.5,6.5 0.5,7.5 -0.5,7.5 -0.5,6.5 -1.5,6.5 -1.5,5.5 -2.5,5.5 -2.5,4.5 -3.5,4.5 -3.5,3.5 -4.5,3.5 -4.5,2.5 -5.5,2.5 -5.5,1.5 -6.5,1.5 -6.5,0.5 -7.5,0.5 -7.5,-0.5 -6.5,-0.5 -6.5,-1.5 -5.5,-1.5 -5.5,-2.5 -4.5,-2.5 -4.5,-3.5 -3.5,-3.5 -3.5,-4.5 -2.5,-4.5 -2.5,-5.5 -1.5,-5.5 -1.5,-6.5 -0.5,-6.5 -0.5,-7.5\" vector-effect=\"non-scaling-stroke\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m5 8 6 6\" \/> <path d=\"m4 14 6-6 2-3\" \/> <path d=\"M2 5h12\" \/> <path d=\"M7 2h1\" \/> <path d=\"m22 22-5-10-5 10\" \/> <path d=\"M14 18h6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 16v5\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14v7\" \/> <path d=\"M20 10v11\" \/> <path d=\"m22 3-8.646 8.646a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0L9.354 8.354a.5.5 0 0 0-.707 0L2 15\" \/> <path d=\"M4 18v3\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14v7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 12h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 6V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M22 13a18.15 18.15 0 0 1-20 0\" \/> <rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"6\" rx=\"2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m16 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"m2 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"M7 21h10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 3v18\" \/> <path d=\"M3 7h2c2 0 5-1 7-2 2 1 5 2 7 2h2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m11 17 2 2a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"m14 14 2.5 2.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3l-3.88-3.88a3 3 0 0 0-4.24 0l-.88.88a1 1 0 1 1-3-3l2.81-2.81a5.79 5.79 0 0 1 7.06-.87l.47.28a2 2 0 0 0 1.42.25L21 4\" \/> <path d=\"m21 3 1 11h-2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 3 2 14l6.5 6.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"M3 4h8\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 22h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Zm0 0a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-9c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h2\" \/> <path d=\"M18 14h-8\" \/> <path d=\"M15 18h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M10 6h8v4h-8V6Z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g pf-rail__g--end\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/calendar\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/country-programmes\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 12h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M15 8h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M19 17V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4\" \/> <path d=\"M8 21h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H11a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1a2 2 0 1 1-4 0V5a2 2 0 1 0-4 0v2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/protected-participation\/\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\" data-tip=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\" \/> <path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-tabbar\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/country-programmes\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/calendar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/span><\/a><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/tools\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header><div class=\"pf-strip\"><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641<\/dt><dd>\u0663\u0661<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>ISO \u0661\u0665\u0669\u0662\u0664<\/dt><dd>Cyrl<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/dt><dd>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/dt><dd>\u0663<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"chart\"><\/span><nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">\u0660\u0661<\/span><span>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">\u0660\u0662<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">\u0660\u0663<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">\u0660\u0664<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">\u0660\u0665<\/span><span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">\u0660\u0661<\/span>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 ALA-LC\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0662.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-chart\" id=\"pf-lx-chart-kurdish-cyrillic-14\" data-pf-mod=\"scriptchart\" data-lx=\"{&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;kmr-Cyrl&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;ltr&quot;,&quot;join&quot;:false,&quot;letters&quot;:[[&quot;\u0430&quot;,&quot;U+0430&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter a&quot;,&quot;a&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0431&quot;,&quot;U+0431&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter be&quot;,&quot;b&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0449&quot;,&quot;U+0449&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter shcha&quot;,&quot;c&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0447&quot;,&quot;U+0447&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter che&quot;,&quot;\u00e7&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0434&quot;,&quot;U+0434&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter de&quot;,&quot;d&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u04d9&quot;,&quot;U+04D9&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter schwa&quot;,&quot;e&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0435&quot;,&quot;U+0435&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter ie&quot;,&quot;\u00ea&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0444&quot;,&quot;U+0444&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter ef&quot;,&quot;f&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0433&quot;,&quot;U+0433&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter ghe&quot;,&quot;g&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u04bb&quot;,&quot;U+04BB&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter shha&quot;,&quot;h&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u044c&quot;,&quot;U+044C&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter soft sign&quot;,&quot;i&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0438&quot;,&quot;U+0438&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter i&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0436&quot;,&quot;U+0436&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter zhe&quot;,&quot;j&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u043a&quot;,&quot;U+043A&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter ka&quot;,&quot;k&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u043b&quot;,&quot;U+043B&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter el&quot;,&quot;l&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u043c&quot;,&quot;U+043C&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter em&quot;,&quot;m&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u043d&quot;,&quot;U+043D&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter en&quot;,&quot;n&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u043e&quot;,&quot;U+043E&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter o&quot;,&quot;o&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u043f&quot;,&quot;U+043F&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter pe&quot;,&quot;p&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u051b&quot;,&quot;U+051B&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter qa&quot;,&quot;q&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0440&quot;,&quot;U+0440&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter er&quot;,&quot;r&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0441&quot;,&quot;U+0441&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter es&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0448&quot;,&quot;U+0448&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter sha&quot;,&quot;\u015f&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0442&quot;,&quot;U+0442&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter te&quot;,&quot;t&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u04e7&quot;,&quot;U+04E7&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter o with diaeresis&quot;,&quot;u&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0443&quot;,&quot;U+0443&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter u&quot;,&quot;\u00fb&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0432&quot;,&quot;U+0432&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter ve&quot;,&quot;v&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u051d&quot;,&quot;U+051D&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter we&quot;,&quot;w&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0445&quot;,&quot;U+0445&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter ha&quot;,&quot;x&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0439&quot;,&quot;U+0439&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter short i&quot;,&quot;y&quot;,&quot;&quot;],[&quot;\u0437&quot;,&quot;U+0437&quot;,&quot;cyrillic small letter ze&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;&quot;]]}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__bar\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641<\/span><input type=\"search\" class=\"pf-lx-chart__q\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><\/label><p class=\"pf-lx-chart__count\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><\/div>\n<ol class=\"pf-lx-chart__grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"ltr\"><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"0\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0430<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">a<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"1\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0431<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"2\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0449<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">c<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"3\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0447<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u00e7<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"4\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0434<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"5\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u04d9<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">e<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"6\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0435<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u00ea<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"7\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0444<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"8\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0433<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"9\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u04bb<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"10\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u044c<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">i<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"11\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0438<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u00ee<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"12\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0436<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"13\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u043a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"14\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u043b<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"15\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u043c<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"16\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u043d<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"17\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u043e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">o<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"18\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u043f<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"19\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u051b<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"20\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0440<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"21\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0441<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"22\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0448<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u015f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"23\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0442<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"24\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u04e7<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">u<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"25\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0443<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u00fb<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"26\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0432<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">v<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"27\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u051d<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">w<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"28\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0445<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"29\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0439<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">y<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"30\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0437<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__detail\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"name\" hidden>\u0627\u0633\u0645 Unicode<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"cp\" hidden>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"rom\" hidden>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ipa\" hidden>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 (IPA)<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"forms\" hidden>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"iso\" hidden>\u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0643<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ini\" hidden>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"med\" hidden>\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"fin\" hidden>\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"upper\" hidden>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copy\" hidden>\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copied\" hidden>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"n\" hidden>{n} \u062d\u0631\u0641<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"pick\" hidden>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647.<\/span>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0633\u0645 Unicode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 (IPA)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0430<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0430<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter a<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">a<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0431<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0431<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter be<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0449<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0449<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter shcha<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">c<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0447<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0447<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter che<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00e7<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0434<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0434<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter de<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u04d9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+04D9<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter schwa<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">e<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0435<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0435<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter ie<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00ea<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0444<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0444<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter ef<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0433<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0433<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter ghe<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u04bb<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+04BB<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter shha<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u044c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+044C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter soft sign<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">i<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0438<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0438<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter i<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00ee<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0436<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0436<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter zhe<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u043a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+043A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter ka<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u043b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+043B<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter el<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u043c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+043C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter em<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u043d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+043D<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter en<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u043e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+043E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter o<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">o<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u043f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+043F<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter pe<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u051b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+051B<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter qa<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0440<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0440<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter er<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0441<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0441<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter es<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0448<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0448<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter sha<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u015f<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0442<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0442<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter te<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u04e7<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+04E7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter o with diaeresis<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">u<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0443<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0443<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter u<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00fb<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0432<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0432<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter ve<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">v<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u051d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+051D<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter we<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">w<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0445<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0445<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter ha<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0439<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0439<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter short i<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">y<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0437<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0437<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">cyrillic small letter ze<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div><ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/li><li>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u043a\u2019 \u0648 \u0442\u2019.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode18.0.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"numerals\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">\u0660\u0662<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n  \n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-num\" id=\"pf-lx-num-latn\" data-pf-mod=\"numerals\" data-lx=\"{&quot;systems&quot;:[[&quot;latn&quot;,&quot;Western digits&quot;,&quot;0123456789&quot;,0]]}\">\n<p class=\"pf-lx-num__in\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/span><input type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"2026\" autocomplete=\"off\" dir=\"ltr\"><\/label><\/p>\n<dl class=\"pf-lx-num__out\"><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">latn<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"latn\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"range\" hidden>\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0661 \u0625\u0644\u0649 {max}.<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"bad\" hidden>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645.<\/span>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a Unicode CLDR.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0660<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0661<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0662<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0663<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0664<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0665<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0666<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0667<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0668<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u0669<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">\u0660\u0663<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>ISO \u0661\u0665\u0669\u0662\u0664<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Cyrl<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\u0643\u062a\u0644 Unicode<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Cyrillic (U+0400 to U+04FF), Cyrillic Supplement (U+0500 to U+052F)<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a Unicode CLDR<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">none<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Western digits (latn)<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/dt><dd>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/iso15924\/\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode18.0.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cldr.unicode.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">\u0660\u0664<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-lang\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Latn\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u04e7\u0440\u043c\u0430\u044a\u043d\u0449\u0438<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/kmr-cyrl\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Arab\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/kmr-arab\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><span hidden>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cKurdish Cyrillic Alphabet.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><span hidden>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_scripts_kurdish_cyrillic,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Kurdish {Cyrillic} alphabet},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><span hidden>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_kurdish_cyrillic.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_kurdish_cyrillic.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_scripts_kurdish_cyrillic.bib\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_scr\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><span hidden>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_kurdish_cyrillic.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_kurdish_cyrillic.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_scripts_kurdish_cyrillic.ris\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">\u0660\u0665<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2110.12374\" rel=\"noopener\">Transliterating Kurdish texts in Latin into Persian-Arabic script<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a19090795\" rel=\"noopener\">Synthetic Data-Driven Transformer OCR for Kurdish Sorani via Dynamic Line Generation and Script-Aware Normalization<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hawraz A. Ahmad \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Algorithms<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2025.111648\" rel=\"noopener\">KSTRV1: A scene text recognition dataset for central Kurdish in (Arabic-Based) script<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sardar Omar Salih, Karwan Jacksi \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Data in Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11209752\" rel=\"noopener\">Exploiting Script Similarities to Compensate for the Large Amount of Data in Training Tesseract LSTM: Towards Kurdish OCR<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saman Idrees, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 Applied Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2024.sigmorphon-1.6\" rel=\"noopener\">The Effect of Model Capacity and Script Diversity on Subword Tokenization for Sorani Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ali Salehi, Cassandra L. Jacobs \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Proceedings of the 21st SIGMORPHON workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26750\/8yqzyj70\" rel=\"noopener\">Comparison Study of Kurdish Language Alphabet to the Kurdistan Newspaper and the Current Form of Kurdish Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Unknown Author \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Journal of Raparin University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.10.2.5\" rel=\"noopener\">Solving the Issues of Kurdish Orthography according to Linguistics the issues of the syllable level as an example<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2025 \u00b7 Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202608.1477.v1\" rel=\"noopener\">Measuring Unadapted ASR on Garrusi Kurdish: Common-Reference Scoring Across Orthographic Representations<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Asadpour H \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Preprints.org<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25007\/ajnu.v9n1a584\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish- Arabic Text in Computer with Non-Standards, Challenges and Recommendations<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sardar O. Salih \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 Academic Journal of Nawroz University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25130\/lang.8.2.7\" rel=\"noopener\">Computational linguistics and its role in the Kurdish language Orthography and voice as a model<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Gulstan Muhammad Raheem, Dara Hamid Muhammad \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2004.14134\" rel=\"noopener\">Using Punkt for Sentence Segmentation in non-Latin Scripts: Experiments on Kurdish (Sorani) Texts<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Roshna Omer Abdulrahman, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25007\/ajnu.v7n3a206\" rel=\"noopener\">Extend an Algorithm of Auto-converting Kurdish Written Scripts in Websites: from Latin Characters to Kurdish\/Arabic Characters and Vice Versa<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sardar Salih \u00b7 2018 \u00b7 Academic Journal of Nawroz University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0650\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0650\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/h2><p>\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0643. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span>KCO<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-netfoot__name\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">KCO<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/the-community\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/federation\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/country-programmes\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/calendar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/search\/\">\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/areas\/\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/ar\/\">\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0631\u0643<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/ar\/\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/ar\/\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/membership\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/join\/\">\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/get-involved\/\">\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Far%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/start\/\">\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ar\/protected-participation\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ar\/corrections\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ar\/verification\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\" aria-current=\"true\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0661.\u0660.\u0660.\u0661<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCO\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0660\u0661\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0660\u0662\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e. \u0660\u0663\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":64,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-203","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}