{"id":245,"date":"2026-11-01T18:22:42","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:22:42","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:22:42","slug":"ru","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Mehr\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" 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height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Sprache<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Netzwerk\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Netzwerk\"><span>Netzwerk<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bereiche<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akademie<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Jedes Wissensgebiet, Kurse in allen kurdischen Variet\u00e4ten und Praxisgemeinschaften.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Kulturerbe<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Geschichte vom Zagros bis heute, Erinnerung, Glaubensgemeinschaften, K\u00fcnste, Literatur und K\u00fcche.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Sprache<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmandschi, Sorani, Zazaki, S\u00fcdkurdisch und Gorani, in jeder Schrift.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Forschung<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurdologie: die Beobachtungsstelle, Leselisten und neue Forschung.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Chancen<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Lebensgrundlagen, F\u00e4higkeiten, Stellen, Mentoring und Br\u00fccken zwischen Diaspora und Region.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Teilhabe<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Politische Bildung, Rechtskenntnis, Hilfe bei Staatenlosigkeit und Dialog.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Entwicklung<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Sozialprogramme, Lebensgrundlagen und Katastrophenvorsorge f\u00fcr kurdische Gemeinschaften.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Nachrichten und Termine<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurdische und regionale Nachrichten, jedes Medium gekennzeichnet, und der Kalender kurdischer Tage.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\">Startseite<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/country-programmes\/\">L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/areas\/\">Arbeitsbereiche<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/calendar\/\">Kalender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/the-community\/\">Kurdische Gemeinschaften<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"L\u00e4nderprogramme\"><span>L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/country-programmes\/\">Alle 35 L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Diese Website\"><span>Diese Website<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Sprache<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/#register\">Sprachen<\/a><\/li><li><a 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dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a 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Ma\u00dfgeblich ist die englische Seite.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Brotkrumennavigation\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/\">Sprache<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Russisch<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path 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d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Sprache<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Russisch<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Die ehemalige UdSSR, als Zweitsprache kurdischer Gemeinschaften<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/join\/\">Diese Sprache unterst\u00fctzen<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/writing\/\">Schrift<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><p class=\"pf-specimen\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/p><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n<nav class=\"pf-lx-tabs\" aria-label=\"Russisch: Seiten\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/\" aria-current=\"page\">\u00dcberblick<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/writing\/\">Schrift<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/linguistics\/\">Linguistik<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\">Lernen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/resources\/\">Ressourcen und Bewahrung<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Auf dieser Seite\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Auf dieser Seite<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Die Sprache<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Namen und Perspektiven<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Wo sie gesprochen wird und von wie vielen<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Status<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Variet\u00e4ten und Dialekte<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Seiten dieser Sprache<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Wie Sie helfen k\u00f6nnen<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>Quellen<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s9\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">09<\/span><span>Forschung und Quellen<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Die Sprache<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Codes<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">ISO 639-3: rus \u00b7 Glottocode: russ1263 \u00b7 page code: ru<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Familie<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Indo-European \u203a Classical Indo-European \u203a Balto-Slavic \u203a Slavic \u203a East Slavic<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Schrift<\/dt><dd>Cyrl, von links nach rechts<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Oberfl\u00e4che<\/dt><dd><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--ok\">Hauptseite, muttersprachliche Pr\u00fcfung ausstehend<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Plattformphase<\/dt><dd>Nach Bedarf<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Technische Unterst\u00fctzung<\/dt><dd>Gut unterst\u00fctzt<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Angezeigt mit<\/dt><dd>IBM Plex Sans<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Anmerkungen<\/dt><dd>Ehemalige UdSSR<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Quellen<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Gepr\u00fcft<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Zu pr\u00fcfen<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Namen und Perspektiven<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Wo Namen, Einordnung oder Identit\u00e4t umstritten sind, wird jede Sicht mit ihren Quellen gezeigt. Die Plattform ergreift keine Partei.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-lx-endo\" role=\"list\"><li><span lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">russkiy<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-lx-views\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-view__t\">Unter Kurdinnen und Kurden<\/h3><p>Kurdische Gemeinschaften der ehemaligen Sowjetunion nutzen neben Kurmandschi oft Russisch als zweite Sprache.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Quellen<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Haig and \u00d6pengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). (2014)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Zu pr\u00fcfen<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Wo sie gesprochen wird und von wie vielen<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>Die ehemalige UdSSR, als Zweitsprache kurdischer Gemeinschaften<\/p><div class=\"pf-lx-unknown\"><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__v\">Unbekannt<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__t\">Sprechende: F\u00fcr diese Plattform wurde noch keine Sprecherzahl gepr\u00fcft. Sie bleibt unbekannt, bis eine Zahl aus einer Volksz\u00e4hlung oder Erhebung mit Messgr\u00f6\u00dfe, Jahr und Quelle gepr\u00fcft ist.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Status<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Der UNESCO-Weltatlas der Sprachen ist die Quelle der Vereinten Nationen. Sein Status steht zuerst und bleibt zu pr\u00fcfen, bis der Atlas gelesen werden kann. Daneben fasst der Agglomerated Endangerment Status in Glottolog den Catalogue of Endangered Languages, den UNESCO-Atlas und Ethnologue zusammen. Ethnologue erscheint nur als Sekund\u00e4rquelle.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Eintrag<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Grundlage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Quelle<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">UNESCO-Weltatlas der Sprachen<\/th><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Zu pr\u00fcfen<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Zu pr\u00fcfen<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span translate=\"no\">Russian<\/span><\/th><td><span class=\"pf-lx-aes pf-lx-aes--ok\">Nicht gef\u00e4hrdet<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">1 (National)<\/span><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Sekund\u00e4rquelle<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-via\">\u00fcber Glottolog<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Variet\u00e4ten und Dialekte<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Dialektgruppen, wie Glottolog sie verzeichnet. Die Namen bleiben wie ver\u00f6ffentlicht.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-lx-dia\"><div class=\"pf-lx-dia__g\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-dia__t\" translate=\"no\">Russian<\/h3><p class=\"pf-lx-dia__m\">14 Dialekte erfasst<\/p><ul class=\"pf-lx-dia__list\" role=\"list\" translate=\"no\"><li>Central Russian<\/li><li>Kodiak Creole Russian<\/li><li>Ninilchik<\/li><li>North Russian<\/li><li>South Russian<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Quellen<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Gepr\u00fcft<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Seiten dieser Sprache<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--2\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/writing\/\">Schrift<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Schriften, Alphabettafel, Umschrift, Ziffern, Tastaturen und Schriftarten.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/linguistics\/\">Linguistik<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Laute in IPA, Aussprache, Grammatik und Grundw\u00f6rter im Vergleich mit Nachbarsprachen.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\">Lernen<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Ein Weg von den ersten Schritten bis zur Sprachbeherrschung, mit Kursen, Pr\u00fcfungen und Programmen f\u00fcr Herkunftssprachen.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/resources\/\">Ressourcen und Bewahrung<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">W\u00f6rterb\u00fccher, Korpora, Bibliotheken und Medien; Gef\u00e4hrdung und Dokumentation; wie Sie mitwirken k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Wie Sie helfen k\u00f6nnen<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>Muttersprachliche Pr\u00fcfende: Lesen Sie die Seiten auf Russisch und markieren Sie sie als gepr\u00fcft.<\/li><li>Lehrkr\u00e4fte sowie Autorinnen und Autoren: Helfen Sie, den ersten Russischkurs zu schreiben.<\/li><li>Quellen: Weisen Sie das Forschungsteam auf offen lizenzierte W\u00f6rterb\u00fccher, Korpora und Aufnahmen hin. Jede Quelle kommt zur Pr\u00fcfung in das Quellenregister.<\/li><li>Schriften und Tastaturen: Melden Sie jeden Buchstaben, der nicht richtig angezeigt oder getippt wird.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>Quellen<\/h2>\n  \n  <ol class=\"pf-lx-bib\" role=\"list\"><li id=\"src-glottolog\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Gepr\u00fcft<\/span> <span translate=\"no\">CC BY 4.0<\/span> Klassifikation, Dialektgruppen und Agglomerated Endangerment Status (AES), gelesen am 2026-10-23.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-haig-opengin2014\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Haig and \u00d6pengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2014<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Zu pr\u00fcfen<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-unesco-wal\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Zu pr\u00fcfen<\/span> Bei der Pr\u00fcfung am 2026-10-23 nicht erreichbar. Sein Status f\u00fcr jede Sprache ist zu pr\u00fcfen.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-ethnologue\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Sekund\u00e4rquelle<\/span> Nur so zitiert, wie Glottolog es angibt (dessen AES-Quelle). Ethnologue selbst wurde nicht gelesen.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Diese Seite zitieren<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Russian<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cRussian.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_languages_ru,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Russian},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_ru.bib\">Herunterladen <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_lan\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Russian\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kopieren<\/span><span hidden>Kopiert<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_ru.ris\">Herunterladen <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Lizenz <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s9\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">09<\/span>Forschung und Quellen<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Neuere und relevante Arbeiten zum Thema dieser Seite, aus zugelassenen offenen wissenschaftlichen Quellen. Nur Metadaten und Links. Titel bleiben wie ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Noch nicht gepr\u00fcft.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52837\/2579-2970-2023.12.2-46\" rel=\"noopener\">The Musavat Azerbaijan Policy Towards Kurds: Parallels With Post-Soviet Azerbaijan\u2019s Ethnic Policy<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Artyom Tonoyan, Liana Petrosyan \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Contemporary Eurasia<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/6181\" rel=\"noopener\">Ethnic Mobilization in Post-Soviet Georgia: The Case of the Yezidi-Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">David Szakonyi \u00b7 2007 \u00b7 Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v5i2.442\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurds in the USSR, 1917-1956<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jonathan Otto Pohl \u00b7 2017 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mepo.12682\" rel=\"noopener\">Russia and the Kurds: A Soft\u2010Power Tool for the Kremlin?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Anna Borshchevskaya \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Middle East Policy<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12775\/18255\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurds in the Former Soviet States from the Historical and Cultural Perspectives<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Khanna Omarkhali \u00b7 2013 \u00b7 Journal of political studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/jks.3.0.519242\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurds and the Kurdish Language in Soviet Azerbaijan according to the All-Union Census of December 17, 1926<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Daniel M\u00dcLLER \u00b7 2000 \u00b7 Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14904\" rel=\"noopener\">Pre-migration traumatic experiences, post-migration perceived discrimination and substance use among Russian and Kurdish migrants-a population-based study.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salama ES, Castaneda AE, Lilja E et al. \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 Addiction<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33630\/ausbf.1010312\" rel=\"noopener\">Russia\u2019s Kurdish Policy from the Tsardom to the Soviet Union<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Orhan Gafarl\u0131, K\u00fcr\u015fad G\u00fc\u00e7 \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 Ankara \u00dcniversitesi SBF Dergisi<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1363461520906028\" rel=\"noopener\">Substance use, affective symptoms, and suicidal ideation among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish migrants in Finland.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salama E, Castaneda AE, Suvisaari J et al. \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Transcult Psychiatry<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Open Access<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Quellen, Lizenzen und Abrufdaten: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bauen Sie mit uns\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bauen Sie mit uns<\/h2><p>Werden Sie Mitglied oder sagen Sie uns, was Ihre Stadt braucht. Sie entscheiden, was Sie teilen.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Beitreten<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Ihr Profil<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Kontakt<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Netzwerk\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span>KCO<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-netfoot__name\">Kurdische Kooperationsorganisation<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">KCO<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/\">Startseite<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/the-community\/\">Kurdische Gemeinschaften<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/federation\/\">F\u00f6deration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/country-programmes\/\">L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/calendar\/\">Kalender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/search\/\">Suche<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Bereiche<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/\">Akademie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/de\/\">Kulturerbe<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/\">Sprache<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/de\/\">Forschung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/de\/\">Chancen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/de\/\">Teilhabe<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/de\/\">Entwicklung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/\">Nachrichten und Termine<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/areas\/\">Arbeitsbereiche<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">L\u00e4nderprogramme<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>Afrika<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c4gypten<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asien-Pazifik<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Australien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Japan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Neuseeland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Kaukasus<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Armenien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Aserbaidschan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Georgien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Zentralasien<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kasachstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kirgisistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turkmenistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Belgien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">D\u00e4nemark<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/de\/\">Deutschland<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Finnland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Frankreich<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Griechenland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Italien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Niederlande<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Norwegen<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/de\/\">\u00d6sterreich<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Schweden<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/de\/\">Schweiz<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Vereinigtes K\u00f6nigreich<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Zypern<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa und Zentralasien<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Russland<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Naher Osten<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Irak<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Iran<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Israel<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jordanien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Libanon<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Syrien<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">T\u00fcrkei<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Vereinigte Arabische Emirate<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Nordamerika<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kanada<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Vereinigte Staaten<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Mitmachen<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/membership\/\">Mitgliedschaft<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/join\/\">Beitreten<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/get-involved\/\">Mitmachen<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fde%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Anmelden<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/start\/\">Hier beginnen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kontakt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Rechtliches und Sicherheit<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/de\/protected-participation\/\">Gesch\u00fctzte Teilnahme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Charta<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00dcber dieses Netzwerk: was wir sind und was nicht<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/corrections\/\">Korrekturen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/de\/verification\/\">Pr\u00fcfung<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Sprachen<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/languages\/ru\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Fassung der Charta<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">Die Kurdische Kooperationsorganisation ist ein unabh\u00e4ngiges Peer-to-Peer-Netzwerk f\u00fcr Bildung und Entwicklung kurdischer Gemeinschaften. Sie ist keine Universit\u00e4t und beansprucht keine hoheitliche Befugnis. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00dcber dieses Netzwerk: was wir sind und was nicht<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOSprache Netzwerk Bereiche 01Akademie Jedes Wissensgebiet, Kurse in allen kurdischen Variet\u00e4ten und Praxisgemeinschaften. 02Kulturerbe Geschichte vom Zagros bis heute, Erinnerung, Glaubensgemeinschaften, K\u00fcnste, Literatur und K\u00fcche. 03Sprache Kurmandschi, Sorani, Zazaki, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ru\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Russian&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":81,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-245","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/245\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}