{"id":325,"date":"2026-11-01T18:25:22","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:25:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/persian\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:25:22","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:25:22","slug":"persian","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/persian\/","title":{"rendered":"Persian alphabet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Lainnya\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" 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x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Bahasa<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Jaringan\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Jaringan\"><span>Jaringan<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bidang<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akademi<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Setiap bidang pengetahuan, kursus dalam semua ragam bahasa Kurdi, dan komunitas praktik.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Warisan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Sejarah dari Zagros hingga kini, ingatan, agama dan kepercayaan, seni, sastra, dan kuliner.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Bahasa<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, Sorani, Zazaki, Kurdi Selatan, dan Gorani, dalam setiap aksara.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Riset<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Studi Kurdi: observatorium, daftar bacaan, dan riset baru.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Peluang<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Mata pencaharian, keterampilan, pekerjaan, pendampingan, dan jembatan dari diaspora ke kawasan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Kewargaan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Pendidikan kewargaan, literasi hak, bantuan bagi orang tanpa kewarganegaraan, dan dialog.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Pembangunan<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Program sosial, mata pencaharian, dan kesiapsiagaan bencana bagi komunitas Kurdi.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Berita dan Acara<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Berita Kurdi dan kawasan dengan label pada setiap media, dan kalender hari-hari Kurdi.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\">Beranda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\">Program negara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/areas\/\">Bidang kerja<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/calendar\/\">Kalender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/the-community\/\">Komunitas Kurdi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Program negara\"><span>Program negara<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Program negara<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/country-programmes\/\">Semua 35 program negara<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Situs ini\"><span>Situs ini<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\">Bahasa<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/#register\">Bahasa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Aksara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\">Alat<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/learn\/\">Belajar<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/resources\/\">Sumber daya<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/preservation\/\">Pelestarian<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/sources\/\">Sumber<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Tentang\"><span>Tentang<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Tentang<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Tentang<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/federation\/\">Federasi<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Cara kerja federasi<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/the-community\/\">Komunitas Kurdi<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Tentang jaringan ini: apa kami dan apa yang bukan kami<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Piagam<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Ikut serta<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/membership\/\">Keanggotaan<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Keanggotaan dan partisipasi<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/join\/\">Bergabung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/get-involved\/\">Ikut serta<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Cara ikut serta<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Hukum dan keselamatan<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/protected-participation\/\">Partisipasi terlindungi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/corrections\/\">Koreksi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kontak<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"Cari  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Cari<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">Cari<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"Cari di situs ini\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">Cari<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Akun\" data-tip=\"Akun\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Akun<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fid%2Fstart%2F\">Masuk<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=id\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Bergabung<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Profil Anda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/start\/\">Dasbor<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">Pengaturan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Sesi Anda<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Keluar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Bahasa\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Bahasa<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ID<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Sistem\" data-tip=\"Sistem\" data-l-light=\"Terang\" data-l-dark=\"Gelap\" data-l-system=\"Sistem\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__dark\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3a6 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 1 1-9-9Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span 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\/><\/svg><span>Menu<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Halaman ini adalah terjemahan. Penutur asli sedang meninjaunya; halaman bahasa Inggris menjadi acuan.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Remah roti\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\">Bahasa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/\">Aksara dan fon<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Alfabet Persia<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Aksara<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Alfabet Persia<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">32 huruf. Vokal pendek tidak ditulis dalam teks biasa.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\">Alat<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header><div class=\"pf-strip\"><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Huruf<\/dt><dd>32<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>ISO 15924<\/dt><dd>Arab<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Arah<\/dt><dd>Kanan ke kiri<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Bahasa di sini<\/dt><dd>1<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"chart\"><\/span><nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Di halaman ini\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Di halaman ini<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Bagan alfabet<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Transliterasi<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Angka<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Tanda baca<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Standar<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Bahasa yang ditulis dengannya<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Riset dan sumber<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Bagan alfabet<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Huruf: karakter contoh Unicode CLDR untuk fa.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-chart\" id=\"pf-lx-chart-persian-10\" data-pf-mod=\"scriptchart\" data-lx=\"{&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;join&quot;:true,&quot;letters&quot;:[[&quot;\u0627&quot;,&quot;U+0627&quot;,&quot;arabic letter alef&quot;,&quot;\u0101 \/ not written&quot;,&quot;\u0252\u02d0, \u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u0628&quot;,&quot;U+0628&quot;,&quot;arabic letter beh&quot;,&quot;b&quot;,&quot;b&quot;],[&quot;\u067e&quot;,&quot;U+067E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter peh&quot;,&quot;p&quot;,&quot;p&quot;],[&quot;\u062a&quot;,&quot;U+062A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter teh&quot;,&quot;t&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u062b&quot;,&quot;U+062B&quot;,&quot;arabic letter theh&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u062c&quot;,&quot;U+062C&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeem&quot;,&quot;j&quot;,&quot;d\u0361\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0686&quot;,&quot;U+0686&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tcheh&quot;,&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;t\u0361\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u062d&quot;,&quot;U+062D&quot;,&quot;arabic letter hah&quot;,&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u062e&quot;,&quot;U+062E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter khah&quot;,&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;x&quot;],[&quot;\u062f&quot;,&quot;U+062F&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dal&quot;,&quot;d&quot;,&quot;d&quot;],[&quot;\u0630&quot;,&quot;U+0630&quot;,&quot;arabic letter thal&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0631&quot;,&quot;U+0631&quot;,&quot;arabic letter reh&quot;,&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u027e&quot;],[&quot;\u0632&quot;,&quot;U+0632&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zain&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0698&quot;,&quot;U+0698&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeh&quot;,&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0633&quot;,&quot;U+0633&quot;,&quot;arabic letter seen&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0634&quot;,&quot;U+0634&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sheen&quot;,&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u0635&quot;,&quot;U+0635&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sad&quot;,&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0636&quot;,&quot;U+0636&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dad&quot;,&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0637&quot;,&quot;U+0637&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tah&quot;,&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u0638&quot;,&quot;U+0638&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zah&quot;,&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0639&quot;,&quot;U+0639&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ain&quot;,&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u063a&quot;,&quot;U+063A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ghain&quot;,&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0263, \u0262&quot;],[&quot;\u0641&quot;,&quot;U+0641&quot;,&quot;arabic letter feh&quot;,&quot;f&quot;,&quot;f&quot;],[&quot;\u0642&quot;,&quot;U+0642&quot;,&quot;arabic letter qaf&quot;,&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u0262, \u0263&quot;],[&quot;\u06a9&quot;,&quot;U+06A9&quot;,&quot;arabic letter keheh&quot;,&quot;k&quot;,&quot;k&quot;],[&quot;\u06af&quot;,&quot;U+06AF&quot;,&quot;arabic letter gaf&quot;,&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0261&quot;],[&quot;\u0644&quot;,&quot;U+0644&quot;,&quot;arabic letter lam&quot;,&quot;l&quot;,&quot;l&quot;],[&quot;\u0645&quot;,&quot;U+0645&quot;,&quot;arabic letter meem&quot;,&quot;m&quot;,&quot;m&quot;],[&quot;\u0646&quot;,&quot;U+0646&quot;,&quot;arabic letter noon&quot;,&quot;n&quot;,&quot;n&quot;],[&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;U+0648&quot;,&quot;arabic letter waw&quot;,&quot;v \/ \u016b \/ aw&quot;,&quot;v, u\u02d0, ow&quot;],[&quot;\u0647&quot;,&quot;U+0647&quot;,&quot;arabic letter heh&quot;,&quot;h&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;U+06CC&quot;,&quot;arabic letter farsi yeh&quot;,&quot;y \/ \u012b \/ ay&quot;,&quot;j, i\u02d0, ej&quot;]]}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__bar\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Temukan sebuah huruf<\/span><input type=\"search\" class=\"pf-lx-chart__q\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><\/label><p class=\"pf-lx-chart__count\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><\/div>\n<ol class=\"pf-lx-chart__grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"rtl\"><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"0\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"1\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0628<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"2\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u067e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"3\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"4\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062b<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"5\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062c<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"6\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0686<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"7\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"8\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"9\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062f<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"10\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0630<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"11\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0631<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"12\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"13\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0698<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"14\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0633<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"15\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0634<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"16\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0635<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"17\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0636<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"18\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0637<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"19\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0638<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"20\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0639<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"21\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u063a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"22\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"23\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0642<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"24\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"25\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06af<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"26\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"27\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"28\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"29\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"30\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"31\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06cc<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__detail\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"name\" hidden>Nama Unicode<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"cp\" hidden>Titik kode<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"rom\" hidden>Romanisasi<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ipa\" hidden>Bunyi (IPA)<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"forms\" hidden>Bentuk<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"iso\" hidden>Sendiri<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ini\" hidden>Awal<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"med\" hidden>Tengah kata<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"fin\" hidden>Akhir<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"upper\" hidden>Ibu kota<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copy\" hidden>Salin<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copied\" hidden>Tersalin<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"n\" hidden>{n} huruf<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"pick\" hidden>Pilih huruf untuk melihat bentuk, titik kode, dan bunyinya.<\/span>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Tampilkan sebagai tabel<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Huruf<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Titik kode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Nama Unicode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Romanisasi<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Bunyi (IPA)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0627<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0, \u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0628<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter beh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+067E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter peh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter teh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062B<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter theh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d\u0361\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0686<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tcheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t\u0361\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062D<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter khah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062F<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0630<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter thal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0631<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter reh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u027e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0632<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0698<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0633<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter seen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0634<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sheen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0635<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0636<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0637<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0638<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0639<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+063A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ghain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0263, \u0262<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0641<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter feh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0642<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter qaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0262, \u0263<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06A9<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter keheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06AF<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter gaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0261<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0644<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter lam<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0645<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter meem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0646<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter noon<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0648<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0648<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter waw<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">v, u\u02d0, ow<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0647<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter heh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06cc<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06CC<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter farsi yeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">j, i\u02d0, ej<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0622<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef with madda above<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0621<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hamza<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">ZWNJ<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+200C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">zero width non-joiner<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\"><\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div><ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>32 huruf. Vokal pendek tidak ditulis dalam teks biasa.<\/li><li>Bahasa Persia memakai bentuk angkanya sendiri (sistem penomoran CLDR arabext), yang berbeda dari angka Arab untuk 4, 5, dan 6.<\/li><li>Nasta&#8217;liq adalah gaya kaligrafi tradisional; Naskh adalah gaya cetak yang lazim.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cldr.unicode.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode18.0.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"translit\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Transliterasi<\/h2>\n  \n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-tr\" id=\"pf-lx-tr-fa-alalc\" data-pf-mod=\"translit\" data-lx=\"{&quot;fa-alalc&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Persian to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Latn&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-persian&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;\u0628&quot;:&quot;b&quot;,&quot;\u067e&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;\u062a&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u062b&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u062c&quot;:&quot;j&quot;,&quot;\u0686&quot;:&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;\u062d&quot;:&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;\u062e&quot;:&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;\u062f&quot;:&quot;d&quot;,&quot;\u0630&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0631&quot;:&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u0632&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0698&quot;:&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0633&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u0634&quot;:&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0635&quot;:&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;\u0636&quot;:&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;\u0637&quot;:&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;\u0638&quot;:&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;\u0639&quot;:&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u063a&quot;:&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0641&quot;:&quot;f&quot;,&quot;\u0642&quot;:&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u06a9&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u0643&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u06af&quot;:&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0644&quot;:&quot;l&quot;,&quot;\u0645&quot;:&quot;m&quot;,&quot;\u0646&quot;:&quot;n&quot;,&quot;\u0647&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u0629&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u0622&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;\u0621&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u0623&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0624&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0626&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u200c&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;vowels&quot;:{&quot;alef&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;alefInitial&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;vav&quot;:[&quot;v&quot;,&quot;\u016b&quot;],&quot;yeh&quot;:[&quot;y&quot;,&quot;\u012b&quot;]},&quot;chars&quot;:&quot;\u06cc \u064a \u0648 \u0627&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Letter by letter. Short vowels are not written in Persian, so a full romanisation needs them supplied from a dictionary. \u0648 and \u06cc are read as consonants at the start of a word or beside a vowel letter, otherwise as long vowels.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc&quot;}}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__form\" hidden>\n\n<label class=\"pf-lx-field pf-lx-field--wide\"><span>Teks<\/span><textarea class=\"pf-lx-tr__in\" rows=\"2\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" spellcheck=\"false\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/textarea><\/label>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-tr__std-name\">Persia ke Latin, ALA-LC (2012)<\/p>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__pair\"><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__src\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__out\" aria-live=\"polite\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">zb\u0101n f\u0101rs\u012b<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note pf-lx-tr__note\">Huruf demi huruf. Vokal pendek tidak ditulis dalam bahasa Persia, sehingga romanisasi lengkap memerlukan vokal itu dari kamus. \u0648 dan \u06cc dibaca sebagai konsonan di awal kata atau di samping huruf vokal, selain itu sebagai vokal panjang.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Tidak ada yang Anda ketik meninggalkan peramban Anda. Alat bantu belajar: periksa setiap teks terhadap standarnya sebelum Anda memakainya.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Persia ke Latin, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Huruf<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Menjadi<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0643<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0629<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0623<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0624<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/persian.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Persian, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"numerals\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Angka<\/h2>\n  \n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-num\" id=\"pf-lx-num-latn-arabext\" data-pf-mod=\"numerals\" data-lx=\"{&quot;systems&quot;:[[&quot;latn&quot;,&quot;Western digits&quot;,&quot;0123456789&quot;,0],[&quot;arabext&quot;,&quot;Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits&quot;,&quot;\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2\u06f3\u06f4\u06f5\u06f6\u06f7\u06f8\u06f9&quot;,0]]}\">\n<p class=\"pf-lx-num__in\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Angka<\/span><input type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"2026\" autocomplete=\"off\" dir=\"ltr\"><\/label><\/p>\n<dl class=\"pf-lx-num__out\"><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Digit Barat <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">latn<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"latn\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Angka Arab-India Diperluas (Persia) <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">arabext<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"arabext\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"range\" hidden>Angka huruf mencakup 1 sampai {max}.<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"bad\" hidden>Ketik bilangan bulat dengan salah satu jenis digit ini.<\/span>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Angka dari sistem penomoran Unicode CLDR. Angka Persia berbeda dari angka Arab pada bentuk 4, 5, dan 6.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Tampilkan sebagai tabel<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Angka<\/th><th scope=\"col\">0<\/th><th scope=\"col\">1<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2<\/th><th scope=\"col\">3<\/th><th scope=\"col\">4<\/th><th scope=\"col\">5<\/th><th scope=\"col\">6<\/th><th scope=\"col\">7<\/th><th scope=\"col\">8<\/th><th scope=\"col\">9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Digit Barat<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Angka Arab-India Diperluas (Persia)<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Tanda baca<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-lx-punct\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u060c \u061b \u061f \u00ab \u00bb \u066b \u066c<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Standar<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>ISO 15924<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Arab<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Blok Unicode<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Arabic (U+0600 to U+06FF), Arabic Supplement (U+0750 to U+077F), Arabic Presentation Forms-A and -B<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Lokal Unicode CLDR<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">fa<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Angka<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits (arabext)<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Bergabung<\/dt><dd>Huruf bersambung dengan huruf di sebelahnya dan berubah bentuk menurut posisinya.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Sumber<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/iso15924\/\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode18.0.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cldr.unicode.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Terverifikasi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Bahasa yang ditulis dengannya<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-lang\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"lki\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/lki\/\">Laki<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Lorestan, Ilam, dan Kermanshah; klasifikasinya diperdebatkan<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Kutip halaman ini<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Persian alphabet<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/persian\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/persian\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cPersian Alphabet.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/persian\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/persian\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_scripts_persian,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Persian alphabet},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/persian\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/persian\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_persian.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_persian.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_scripts_persian.bib\">Unduh <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_scr\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Persian alphabet\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/persian\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Salin<\/span><span hidden>Tersalin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_persian.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_scripts_persian.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_scripts_persian.ris\">Unduh <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Lisensi <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Riset dan sumber<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Karya terbaru dan relevan tentang topik halaman ini, dari sumber ilmiah terbuka yang disetujui. Hanya metadata dan tautan. Judul tetap seperti diterbitkan. Belum ditinjau.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2110.12374\" rel=\"noopener\">Transliterating Kurdish texts in Latin into Persian-Arabic script<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a19090795\" rel=\"noopener\">Synthetic Data-Driven Transformer OCR for Kurdish Sorani via Dynamic Line Generation and Script-Aware Normalization<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hawraz A. Ahmad \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Algorithms<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2025.111648\" rel=\"noopener\">KSTRV1: A scene text recognition dataset for central Kurdish in (Arabic-Based) script<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sardar Omar Salih, Karwan Jacksi \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Data in Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11209752\" rel=\"noopener\">Exploiting Script Similarities to Compensate for the Large Amount of Data in Training Tesseract LSTM: Towards Kurdish OCR<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saman Idrees, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 Applied Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2024.sigmorphon-1.6\" rel=\"noopener\">The Effect of Model Capacity and Script Diversity on Subword Tokenization for Sorani Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ali Salehi, Cassandra L. Jacobs \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Proceedings of the 21st SIGMORPHON workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26750\/8yqzyj70\" rel=\"noopener\">Comparison Study of Kurdish Language Alphabet to the Kurdistan Newspaper and the Current Form of Kurdish Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Unknown Author \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Journal of Raparin University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.10.2.5\" rel=\"noopener\">Solving the Issues of Kurdish Orthography according to Linguistics the issues of the syllable level as an example<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2025 \u00b7 Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202608.1477.v1\" rel=\"noopener\">Measuring Unadapted ASR on Garrusi Kurdish: Common-Reference Scoring Across Orthographic Representations<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Asadpour H \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Preprints.org<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25007\/ajnu.v9n1a584\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish- Arabic Text in Computer with Non-Standards, Challenges and Recommendations<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sardar O. Salih \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 Academic Journal of Nawroz University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25130\/lang.8.2.7\" rel=\"noopener\">Computational linguistics and its role in the Kurdish language Orthography and voice as a model<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Gulstan Muhammad Raheem, Dara Hamid Muhammad \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2004.14134\" rel=\"noopener\">Using Punkt for Sentence Segmentation in non-Latin Scripts: Experiments on Kurdish (Sorani) Texts<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Roshna Omer Abdulrahman, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Pracetak<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25007\/ajnu.v7n3a206\" rel=\"noopener\">Extend an Algorithm of Auto-converting Kurdish Written Scripts in Websites: from Latin Characters to Kurdish\/Arabic Characters and Vice Versa<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sardar Salih \u00b7 2018 \u00b7 Academic Journal of Nawroz University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artikel<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Akses terbuka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Sumber, lisensi, dan tanggal pengambilan: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bangun bersama kami\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bangun bersama kami<\/h2><p>Bergabunglah sebagai anggota, atau beri tahu kami apa yang dibutuhkan kota Anda. Anda memilih apa yang Anda bagikan.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Bergabung<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Profil Anda<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Kontak<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Jaringan\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/search\/\">Cari<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Bidang<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/\">Akademi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/id\/\">Warisan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/\">Bahasa<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/id\/\">Riset<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/id\/\">Peluang<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/id\/\">Kewargaan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/id\/\">Pembangunan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/\">Berita dan Acara<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/areas\/\">Bidang kerja<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Program negara<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>Afrika<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Mesir<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asia-Pasifik<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Australia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jepang<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Selandia Baru<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Kaukasus<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Armenia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Azerbaijan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Georgia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asia Tengah<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kazakhstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kirgizstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turkmenistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Eropa<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Austria<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Belanda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Belgia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Denmark<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Finlandia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Inggris Raya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Italia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jerman<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Norwegia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Prancis<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Siprus<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Swedia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Swiss<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Yunani<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Eropa dan Asia Tengah<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Rusia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Timur Tengah<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Irak<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Iran<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Israel<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Lebanon<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Suriah<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turki<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Uni Emirat Arab<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Yordania<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amerika Utara<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Amerika Serikat<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kanada<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Ikut serta<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/membership\/\">Keanggotaan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/join\/\">Bergabung<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/get-involved\/\">Ikut serta<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fid%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Masuk<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/start\/\">Mulai di sini<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Kontak<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Hukum dan keselamatan<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/id\/protected-participation\/\">Partisipasi terlindungi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Piagam<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Tentang jaringan ini: apa kami dan apa yang bukan kami<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/corrections\/\">Koreksi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/id\/verification\/\">Verifikasi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Bahasa<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/scripts\/persian\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Versi piagam<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">Organisasi Kerja Sama Kurdi adalah jaringan pendidikan dan pembangunan antarsesama (peer-to-peer) yang independen dari komunitas Kurdi. Organisasi ini bukan universitas dan tidak mengklaim kewenangan publik apa pun. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Tentang jaringan ini: apa kami dan apa yang bukan kami<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOBahasa Jaringan Bidang 01Akademi Setiap bidang pengetahuan, kursus dalam semua ragam bahasa Kurdi, dan komunitas praktik. 02Warisan Sejarah dari Zagros hingga kini, ingatan, agama dan kepercayaan, seni, sastra, dan &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/scripts\/persian\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Persian alphabet&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":120,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-325","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=325"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/325\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}