{"id":378,"date":"2026-11-01T18:27:08","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:27:08","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:27:08","slug":"kmr-latn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/","title":{"rendered":"Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"\ub354 \ubcf4\uae30\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" 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class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\"><span>\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb38\uc790\ub85c \ubc30\uc6b0\ub294 \ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4, \uc18c\ub77c\ub2c8\uc5b4, \uc790\uc790\uc5b4, \ub0a8\ubd80 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc5b4, \uace0\ub77c\ub2c8\uc5b4.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ko\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>\uc5f0\uad6c<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uc5f0\uad6c. \uad00\uce21\uc18c, \uc77d\uae30 \ubaa9\ub85d, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5f0\uad6c.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/ko\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>\uae30\ud68c<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\uc0dd\uacc4, 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data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"\uad6d\uac00\ubcc4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\"><span>\uad6d\uac00\ubcc4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\uad6d\uac00\ubcc4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/country-programmes\/\">\uad6d\uac00\ubcc4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 35\uac1c \uc804\uccb4<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"\uc774 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\"><span>\uc774 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/\" aria-current=\"page\">\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/#register\">\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/scripts\/\">\ubb38\uc790<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/tools\/\">\ub3c4\uad6c<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/learn\/\">\ubc30\uc6b0\uae30<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/resources\/\">\uc790\ub8cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/preservation\/\">\ubcf4\uc874<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/sources\/\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"\uc18c\uac1c\"><span>\uc18c\uac1c<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\uc18c\uac1c<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\uc18c\uac1c<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/federation\/\">\uc5f0\ud569<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\uc5f0\ud569\uc758 \uc6b4\uc601 \ubc29\uc2dd<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/the-community\/\">\ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\uc774 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc18c\uac1c: \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\uace0 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc\uc9c0<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud5cc\uc7a5<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uae30<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/membership\/\">\ud68c\uc6d0 \uc81c\ub3c4<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\ud68c\uc6d0 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \ucc38\uc5ec<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/join\/\">\uac00\uc785\ud558\uae30<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/get-involved\/\">\ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uae30<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\ucc38\uc5ec \ubc29\ubc95<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\ubc95\ub960\uacfc \uc548\uc804<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/protected-participation\/\">\ubcf4\ud638\ub41c \ucc38\uc5ec<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ko\/corrections\/\">\uc815\uc815<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\ubb38\uc758<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"\uac80\uc0c9  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">\uac80\uc0c9<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">\uac80\uc0c9<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \uac80\uc0c9\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">\uac80\uc0c9<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"\uacc4\uc815\" data-tip=\"\uacc4\uc815\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">\uacc4\uc815<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fko%2Fstart%2F\">\ub85c\uadf8\uc778<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=ko\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">\uac00\uc785\ud558\uae30<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">\ub0b4 \ud504\ub85c\ud544<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/start\/\">\ub300\uc2dc\ubcf4\ub4dc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">\uc124\uc815<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">\ub0b4 \uc138\uc158<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">\ub85c\uadf8\uc544\uc6c3<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"\uc5b8\uc5b4\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">KO<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" 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d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">\ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4(\ubd81\ubd80 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc5b4)<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">\ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544, \uc774\ub77c\ud06c \ubd81\ubd80\uc640 \uc774\ub780, \uc61b \uc18c\ub828, \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/join\/\">\uc774 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ub3d5\uae30<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/writing\/\">\uc4f0\uae30<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><p class=\"pf-specimen\" lang=\"kmr-Latn\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/p><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n<nav class=\"pf-lx-tabs\" aria-label=\"\ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4(\ubd81\ubd80 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc5b4): \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" aria-current=\"page\">\uac1c\uc694<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/writing\/\">\uc4f0\uae30<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/linguistics\/\">\uc5b8\uc5b4\ud559<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/learn\/\">\ubc30\uc6b0\uae30<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/resources\/\">\uc790\ub8cc\uc640 \ubcf4\uc874<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"\uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">\uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>\uc774\ub984\uacfc \uad00\uc810<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>\uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c, \uba87 \uba85\uc774 \uc4f0\ub294\uc9c0<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>\uc0c1\ud0dc<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>\ubc95\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>\ubc29\uc5b8\uacfc \ubcc0\uc885<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>\uc774 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc758 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>\uac15\uc88c<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s9\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">09<\/span><span>\ub3d5\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s10\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">10<\/span><span>\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s11\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">11<\/span><span>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ucd9c\ucc98<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\ucf54\ub4dc<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">ISO 639-3: kmr \u00b7 macrolanguage kur \u00b7 Glottocode: nort2641 \u00b7 page code: kmr-Latn<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\uac00\uc871<\/dt><dd><span translate=\"no\">Indo-European \u203a Classical Indo-European \u203a Indo-Iranian \u203a Iranian-Nuristani \u203a Iranian \u203a Central Iranian PBS \u203a Central Iranian PB \u203a Northwestern Iranian \u203a Laki-Kurdish \u203a Kurdish<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\ubb38\uc790<\/dt><dd>Latn, \uc67c\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub978\ucabd<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\uc778\ud130\ud398\uc774\uc2a4<\/dt><dd><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--ok\">\uba54\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8, \uc6d0\uc5b4\ubbfc \uac80\ud1a0 \ub300\uae30 \uc911<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc \ub2e8\uacc4<\/dt><dd>\ucd9c\ubc94 \uc2dc<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\uae30\uc220 \uc9c0\uc6d0<\/dt><dd>\ubd80\ubd84 \uc9c0\uc6d0<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\ud568\uaed8 \ud45c\uc2dc<\/dt><dd>IBM Plex Sans<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\ucc38\uace0<\/dt><dd>\ud558\uc640\ub974 \ub77c\ud2f4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3(\u00e7 \u00ea \u00ee \u015f \u00fb). \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc4f0\ub294 \ubc29\uc5b8<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>\uc774\ub984\uacfc \uad00\uc810<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\uba85\uce6d, \ubd84\ub958, \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc5d0 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uac01 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ucd9c\ucc98\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud3b8\ub3c4 \ub4e4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-lx-endo\" role=\"list\"><li><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><\/li><li><span lang=\"kmr-Arab\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u06cc<\/span><\/li><li><span lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u041a\u04e7\u0440\u043c\u0430\u044a\u043d\u0449\u0438<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-lx-views\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-view__t\">\ubc29\uc5b8 \ub610\ub294 \uc5b8\uc5b4<\/h3><p>ISO 639-3\uc740 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uac70\ub300 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc790 \ucf54\ub4dc(kmr)\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \ud654\uc790\uc640 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uae30\uad00\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc5b4\uc758 \ubc29\uc5b8\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uadf8\uc744\uc9c0\ub294 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ud559\uc790\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Haig and \u00d6pengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). (2014)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-view__t\">\uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubb38\uc790<\/h3><p>\ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544, \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud558\uc640\ub974 \ub77c\ud2f4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ub77c\ud06c\uc640 \uc774\ub780\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub78d \ubb38\uc790 \uacc4\uc5f4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3\uc73c\ub85c, \uad6c\uc18c\ub828 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud0a4\ub9b4 \ubb38\uc790\ub85c \uc501\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Haig and \u00d6pengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). (2014)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>\uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c, \uba87 \uba85\uc774 \uc4f0\ub294\uc9c0<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>\ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544, \uc774\ub77c\ud06c \ubd81\ubd80\uc640 \uc774\ub780, \uc61b \uc18c\ub828, \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84<\/p><div class=\"pf-lx-unknown\"><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__v\">\uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__t\">\ud654\uc790 \uc218: \uc774 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc758 \ud654\uc790 \uc218\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uac80\uc99d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc13c\uc11c\uc2a4\ub098 \uc870\uc0ac \uc218\uce58\uac00 \uce21\uc815 \uae30\uc900, \uc5f0\ub3c4, \ucd9c\ucc98\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub461\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>\uc0c1\ud0dc<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc138\uacc4 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub294 \uc720\uc5d4\uc758 \ucd9c\ucc98\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc8fc\uba70, \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub97c \uc77d\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ub461\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc606\uc5d0\uc11c Glottolog\uc758 \uc885\ud569 \uc18c\uba78 \uc704\uae30 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \uc18c\uba78 \uc704\uae30 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubaa9\ub85d, \uc720\ub124\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc9c0\ub3c4, Ethnologue\ub97c \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ubaa8\uc74d\ub2c8\ub2e4. Ethnologue\ub294 2\ucc28 \ucd9c\ucc98\ub85c\ub9cc \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\ud56d\ubaa9<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uc0c1\ud0dc<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\uadfc\uac70<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">UNESCO \uc138\uacc4 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4<\/th><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span><\/td><td><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span translate=\"no\">Northern Kurdish<\/span><\/th><td><span class=\"pf-lx-aes pf-lx-aes--pend\">\uc704\ud611\ubc1b\uc74c<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">6b (Threatened)<\/span><\/td><td><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">2\ucc28 \uc790\ub8cc<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-via\">Glottolog\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>\ubc95\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \uc774 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Constitute Project\uc758 \uc601\uc5b4 \ubc88\uc5ed\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc6a9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-lx-views\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><p>\ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608 \ud5cc\ubc95(\uc81c42\uc870)\uc740 \ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608\uc5b4 \uc678\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad50\uc721 \uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub4e0 \ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc5d0\uac8c \ubaa8\uc5b4\ub85c \uac00\ub974\uce60 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><p>\uc774\ub77c\ud06c \ud5cc\ubc95(2005)\uc740 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\uc640 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc5b4\ub97c \uc774\ub77c\ud06c\uc758 \ub450 \uacf5\uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-view\"><p>2012\ub144 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc740 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6d\uac00 \uacf5\uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>\ubc29\uc5b8\uacfc \ubcc0\uc885<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Glottolog\uac00 \uae30\ub85d\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b8 \uc9d1\ub2e8. \uc774\ub984\uc740 \ubc1c\uac04\ub41c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub461\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-lx-dia\"><div class=\"pf-lx-dia__g\"><h3 class=\"pf-lx-dia__t\" translate=\"no\">Northern Kurdish<\/h3><p class=\"pf-lx-dia__m\">\uae30\ub85d\ub41c \ubc29\uc5b8 28\uac1c<\/p><ul class=\"pf-lx-dia__list\" role=\"list\" translate=\"no\"><li>Northern Kurmanji<\/li><li>Southeastern Kurmanji<\/li><li>Southern Kurmanji<\/li><li>Western Kurmanji<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">\ucd9c\ucc98<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>\uc774 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc758 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--2\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/writing\/\">\uc4f0\uae30<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\ubb38\uc790, \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3 \ud45c, \ub85c\ub9c8\uc790 \ud45c\uae30, \uc22b\uc790, \uc790\ud310, \uae00\uaf34.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/linguistics\/\">\uc5b8\uc5b4\ud559<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\uc774\uc6c3 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \ube44\uad50\ud55c IPA \uc18c\ub9ac, \ubc1c\uc74c, \ubb38\ubc95, \uae30\ubcf8 \ub2e8\uc5b4.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/learn\/\">\ubc30\uc6b0\uae30<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\uccab\uac78\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ucc3d\ud568\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uae38\ub85c, \uac15\uc88c, \uc2dc\ud5d8, \uacc4\uc2b9\uc5b4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/resources\/\">\uc790\ub8cc\uc640 \ubcf4\uc874<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\uc0ac\uc804, \ub9d0\ubb49\uce58, \ub3c4\uc11c\uad00, \ub9e4\uccb4. \uc704\uae30 \ub4f1\uae09\uacfc \uae30\ub85d\ud654. \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>\uac15\uc88c<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ko\/catalogue\/kurmanji-a1-latin\/\">\ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4 A1(\ub77c\ud2f4 \ubb38\uc790)<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">\ub77c\ud2f4 \uc54c\ud30c\ubcb3\uc73c\ub85c \ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ub9d0\ud558\uae30\uc640 \uc4f0\uae30\uc758 \uccab\uac78\uc74c.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\uac1c\uc694 \uc791\uc131\ub428<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ko\/catalogue\/kurmanji-a2-to-b1\/\">\ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4 A2~B1<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\uacc4\ud68d\ub428<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ko\/catalogue\/kurmanji-b2-to-c1\/\">\ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4 B2~C1<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\uacc4\ud68d\ub428<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s9\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">09<\/span>\ub3d5\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>\uc6d0\uc5b4\ubbfc \uac80\ud1a0\uc790: \ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4(\ubd81\ubd80 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc\uc5b4) \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\ub97c \uc77d\uace0 \uac80\ud1a0 \uc644\ub8cc\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud574 \uc8fc\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li><li>\uad50\uc0ac: \ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4 A1(\ub77c\ud2f4 \ubb38\uc790), \ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4 A2~B1, \ucfe0\ub974\ub9cc\uc9c0\uc5b4 B2~C1\uc744 \uac00\ub974\uce58\uac70\ub098 \uc9d1\ud544\uc744 \ub3c4\uc640\uc8fc\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li><li>\ucd9c\ucc98: \uacf5\uac1c \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc804, \ub9d0\ubb49\uce58, \ub179\uc74c\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc5d0 \uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624. \uac01 \ucd9c\ucc98\ub294 \uac80\ud1a0\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ucd9c\ucc98 \ub4f1\ub85d\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li><li>\uae00\uaf34\uacfc \ud0a4\ubcf4\ub4dc: \ud45c\uc2dc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac70\ub098 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc785\ub825\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uae00\uc790\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s10\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">10<\/span>\ucd9c\ucc98<\/h2>\n  \n  <ol class=\"pf-lx-bib\" role=\"list\"><li id=\"src-glottolog\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Hammarstr\u00f6m, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank. Glottolog 5.3. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span> <span translate=\"no\">CC BY 4.0<\/span> \ubd84\ub958, \ubc29\uc5b8 \uc9d1\ub2e8, \uc885\ud569 \uc704\uae30 \ub4f1\uae09(AES). 2026-10-23 \ud655\uc778.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-iso639-3\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iso639-3.sil.org\" rel=\"noopener\">ISO 639-3 code tables. SIL International, registration authority.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span> \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 Glottolog \uae30\ub85d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uad50\ucc28 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucf54\ub4dc \ud45c \uc790\uccb4\ub294 \uc77d\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-haig-opengin2014\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Haig and \u00d6pengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2014<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-alalc-kurdish\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2012<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-unesco-wal\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wal.unesco.org\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO. World Atlas of Languages.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694<\/span> 2026-10-23\uc5d0 \ud655\uc778\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uc811\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b8\uc5b4\ubcc4 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ud655\uc778 \ud544\uc694\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-ethnologue\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Eberhard, Simons and Fennig (eds.). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 28th edition. SIL International. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">2\ucc28 \uc790\ub8cc<\/span> Glottolog\uac00 \ubcf4\uace0\ud55c \ub300\ub85c\ub9cc \uc778\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4(AES \ucd9c\ucc98). Ethnologue \uc790\uccb4\ub294 \uc77d\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-constitute\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitute Project. Constitutions of the world, English translations.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2025<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\uac80\uc99d\ub428<\/span> \uacf5\uc6a9\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubb38\uc11c\uc774\uba70 2026-10-23\uc5d0 \uc77d\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>\uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uae30<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/kmr-latn\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\ubcf5\uc0ac<\/span><span hidden>\ubcf5\uc0ac\ub428<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cKurmanji (Northern Kurdish).\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/kmr-latn\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\ubcf5\uc0ac<\/span><span hidden>\ubcf5\uc0ac\ub428<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Kurmanji ({Northern} {Kurdish})},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/kmr-latn\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/kmr-latn\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\ubcf5\uc0ac<\/span><span hidden>\ubcf5\uc0ac\ub428<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn.bib\">\ub0b4\ub824\ubc1b\uae30 <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_lan\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish)\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\ubcf5\uc0ac<\/span><span hidden>\ubcf5\uc0ac\ub428<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn.ris\">\ub0b4\ub824\ubc1b\uae30 <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">\ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4 <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s11\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">11<\/span>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ucd9c\ucc98<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\uc774 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ucd5c\uadfc \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2b9\uc778\ub41c \uacf5\uac1c \ud559\uc220 \ucd9c\ucc98\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc838\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba54\ud0c0\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \ub9c1\ud06c\ub9cc \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\ubaa9\uc740 \ucd9c\ud310\ub41c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub461\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc9c1 \uac80\ud1a0\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.14859584\" rel=\"noopener\">Multi-CAST Northern Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Geoffrey Haig, Maria Vollmer, Hanna Thiele \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34847\/nkl.ca10ez5t\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) DoReCo dataset<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Geoff Haig, Hanna Thiele, Maria Vollmer \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 NAKALA &#8211; https:\/\/nakala.fr (Huma-Num &#8211; CNRS)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2603.29892\" rel=\"noopener\">FLEURS-Kobani: Extending the FLEURS Dataset for Northern Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Daban Q. Jaff, Mohammad Mohammadamini \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ud504\ub9ac\ud504\ub9b0\ud2b8<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/irj.uswr.ac.ir\/browse.php?a_code=A-10-594-1&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1\" rel=\"noopener\">Percentage of Consonants Correct for 3-5 Years Old Kurdish-Speaking Children With Middle Kurmanji-Mukryani Dialect<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Shahla Fatemi Syadar, Talieh Zarifian, Yahya Modarresi et al. \u00b7 2018 \u00b7 Iranian Rehabilitation Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ub17c\ubb38<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34847\/nkl.d953q3qc\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) DoReCo audiofiles<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Geoff Haig, Hanna Thiele, Maria Vollmer \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 NAKALA &#8211; https:\/\/nakala.fr (Huma-Num &#8211; CNRS)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\uae30\ud0c0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55106\/kurdiname.1457164\" rel=\"noopener\">A Phonological Comparison of Khorasan and Northern Kurmanji<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2024 \u00b7 Kurdiname<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ub17c\ubb38<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11647\/obp.0306.14\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern Kurdish Of Khizava Text 7: \u00a71-19<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Masoud Mohammadirad \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Neo-Aramaic and Kurdish Folklore from Northern Iraq<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\uc9c0\ubd80<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9531745\/v1\" rel=\"noopener\">Advancing Low-Resource Speech Recognition: A Comprehensive Study of Fine-Tuning Strategies for Northern Kurdish using Whisper Transformers<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Abdulla A, Tabibian S, Veisi H et al. \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Research Square<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ud504\ub9ac\ud504\ub9b0\ud2b8<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2026.113129\" rel=\"noopener\">Dasinya: A dataset and preprocessing pipeline for the Badini Kurdish dialect.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saeed VA, Jacksi K \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Data Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ub17c\ubb38<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.16330\" rel=\"noopener\">End-to-End Transformer-based Automatic Speech Recognition for Northern Kurdish: A Pioneering Approach<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Abdulhady Abas Abdullah, Shima Tabibian, Hadi Veisi et al. \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ud504\ub9ac\ud504\ub9b0\ud2b8<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110421682-004\" rel=\"noopener\">2.3. Northern Kurdish (Kurmanj\u00ee)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Geoffrey L.J. Haig \u00b7 2018 \u00b7 De Gruyter eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\uc9c0\ubd80<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22126\/jlw.2021.6263.1533\" rel=\"noopener\">An Ecolinguistics Analysis on Lexicalization of Domestic Animals in Kurmanji Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Elham Mizban, Shahla Sharifi, Atiyeh Kamyabi Gol \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\ub17c\ubb38<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\uc624\ud508 \uc561\uc138\uc2a4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">\ucd9c\ucc98, \ub77c\uc774\uc120\uc2a4, \uac00\uc838\uc628 \ub0a0\uc9dc: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"\ud568\uaed8 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uac11\uc2dc\ub2e4\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">\ud568\uaed8 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uac11\uc2dc\ub2e4<\/h2><p>\ud68c\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc785\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ub2f9\uc2e0 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\ub824 \uc8fc\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624. \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud560\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/ko\/join\/\" 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ko\/corrections\/\">\uc815\uc815<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/ko\/verification\/\">\uac80\uc99d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\uc5b8\uc5b4<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/languages\/kmr-latn\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud5cc\uc7a5 \ubc84\uc804<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">\ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \ud611\ub825 \uae30\uad6c\ub294 \ucfe0\ub974\ub4dc \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \ub3d9\ub8cc \uac04(peer-to-peer) \uad50\uc721\u00b7\uac1c\ubc1c \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ud559\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacf5\uc801 \uad8c\ud55c\ub3c4 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" 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