{"id":842,"date":"2026-11-01T18:42:37","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:42:37","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:42:37","slug":"linguistics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/","title":{"rendered":"Sorani (Central Kurdish): Linguistics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Mais\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" 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height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>L\u00edngua<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Rede\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Rede\"><span>Rede<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c1reas<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrim\u00f4nio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a mem\u00f3ria, as religi\u00f5es, as artes, a literatura e a culin\u00e1ria.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>L\u00edngua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, curdo do sul e gorani, em todas as escritas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Pesquisa<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Estudos curdos: o observat\u00f3rio, listas de leitura e novas pesquisas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Oportunidades<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Meios de subsist\u00eancia, compet\u00eancias, empregos, mentoria e pontes entre a di\u00e1spora e a regi\u00e3o.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Cidadania<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educa\u00e7\u00e3o c\u00edvica, conhecimento de direitos, apoio a pessoas ap\u00e1tridas e di\u00e1logo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Desenvolvimento<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programas sociais, meios de vida e prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para desastres para comunidades curdas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Not\u00edcias e eventos<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Not\u00edcias curdas e regionais com cada ve\u00edculo identificado, e o calend\u00e1rio de dias curdos.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">In\u00edcio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/country-programmes\/\">Programas nacionais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/areas\/\">\u00c1reas de trabalho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/calendar\/\">Calend\u00e1rio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/the-community\/\">Comunidades curdas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programas nacionais\"><span>Programas nacionais<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programas nacionais<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/country-programmes\/\">Todos os 35 programas nacionais<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Este site\"><span>Este site<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" aria-current=\"page\">L\u00edngua<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul 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dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a 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Ela est\u00e1 sendo revisada por falantes nativos. A p\u00e1gina em ingl\u00eas \u00e9 a refer\u00eancia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Trilha de navega\u00e7\u00e3o\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\">L\u00edngua<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/\">Sorani (curdo central)<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Lingu\u00edstica<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Lingu\u00edstica<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Sorani (curdo central): lingu\u00edstica<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Sons, pron\u00fancia, gram\u00e1tica e vocabul\u00e1rio b\u00e1sico do sorani (curdo central).<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><p class=\"pf-specimen\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/p><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n<nav class=\"pf-lx-tabs\" aria-label=\"Sorani (curdo central): p\u00e1ginas\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/\">Vis\u00e3o geral<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/writing\/\">Escrita<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Lingu\u00edstica<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/learn\/\">Aprender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/resources\/\">Recursos e preserva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Nesta p\u00e1gina\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Nesta p\u00e1gina<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Sons<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Pron\u00fancia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Gram\u00e1tica em resumo<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Palavras b\u00e1sicas comparadas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Fontes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Sons<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Os fonemas da l\u00edngua, a partir de uma descri\u00e7\u00e3o publicada.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-lx-unknown\"><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__v\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-unknown__t\">Esta se\u00e7\u00e3o mostrar\u00e1 as tabelas de consoantes e vogais do sorani (curdo central) do PHOIBLE 2.0, invent\u00e1rio <span translate=\"no\">Kurdish (Sorani) (EA 2250)<\/span>, com base em <span translate=\"no\">McCarus 1997<\/span>. O PHOIBLE est\u00e1 sob CC BY-SA 3.0, e as tabelas aparecem quando o respons\u00e1vel aprovar a fonte.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Pron\u00fancia<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Cada letra com seu som habitual.<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-lx-h3\">Alfabeto curdo de base \u00e1rabe<\/h3><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Letra<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Romaniza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Som (AFI)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Grava\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written (vowel seat)<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">a<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">a\u02d0<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">c<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d\u0361\u0292<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00e7<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t\u0361\u0283<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e27<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0127<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u027e<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0695<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r\u0304<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0292<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u015f<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0283<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0295<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0263<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a4<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">v<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">v<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0261<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06b5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0142<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u026b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06d5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">e<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u025b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0648<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">w \/ u<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">w, \u028a<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06c6<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">o<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">o\u02d0<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06cc<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">y \/ \u00ee<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">j, i\u02d0<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06ce<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00ea<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">e\u02d0<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0648\u0648<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00fb<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">u\u02d0<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-await\">Aguardando revis\u00e3o de licen\u00e7a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>As grava\u00e7\u00f5es vir\u00e3o do Wikimedia Commons, cada uma sob sua pr\u00f3pria licen\u00e7a aberta, quando o propriet\u00e1rio aprovar a fonte. At\u00e9 l\u00e1, nenhuma grava\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 reproduzida.<\/p><\/aside><p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Os valores sonoros s\u00e3o um guia de ensino para a l\u00edngua padr\u00e3o, marcados como a verificar. Os dialetos diferem. <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fontes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons: pronunciation recordings, each under its own open licence.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Gram\u00e1tica em resumo<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>A ordem das palavras costuma ser sujeito, objeto, verbo.<\/li><li>Os substantivos n\u00e3o t\u00eam g\u00eanero gramatical nem caso.<\/li><li>O sufixo -eke torna um substantivo definido, como em kit\u00eabeke, o livro.<\/li><li>Os cl\u00edticos pronominais se ligam \u00e0s palavras e marcam o sujeito no passado dos verbos transitivos.<\/li><li>O ezafe -\u00ee liga um substantivo \u00e0s palavras que o descrevem.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-note\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fontes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Thackston. Sorani Kurdish: A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings. (2006)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Palavras b\u00e1sicas comparadas<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Dez palavras do dia a dia nas l\u00ednguas da regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table pf-lx-cmp\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Significado<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Persa<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kurmanji<\/th><th scope=\"col\" class=\"is-this\">Sorani<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Zazaki<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Bal\u00fachi<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Azerbaijano<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Arm\u00eanio<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u00e1gua<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0622\u0628<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">\u0101b<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">av<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0626\u0627\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">aw<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">awe<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0101p<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">su<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u057b\u0578\u0582\u0580<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">jur<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">p\u00e3o<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">n\u0101n<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">nan<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">nan<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">nan<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">n\u0101n<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0570\u0561\u0581<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">hats\u02bb<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">m\u00e3e<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">m\u0101dar<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">d\u00ea<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06a9<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">dayk<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">maye<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">m\u0101t<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">ana<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0574\u0561\u0575\u0580<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">mayr<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">pai<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u067e\u062f\u0631<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">pedar<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">bav<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u0627\u0648\u06a9<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">bawk<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">p\u00ee<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">pit<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">ata<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0570\u0561\u0575\u0580<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">hayr<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">casa<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">kh\u0101ne<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">mal<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0627\u06b5<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">ma\u0142<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">keye<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">l\u014dg<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">ev<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u057f\u0578\u0582\u0576<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">tun<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">noite<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0634\u0628<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">shab<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">\u015fev<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0634\u06d5\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">\u015few<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">\u015fewe<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">shap<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">gec\u0259<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0563\u056b\u0577\u0565\u0580<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">gisher<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">dois<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">do<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">du<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062f\u0648\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">d\u00fb<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">di<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">do<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">iki<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0565\u0580\u056f\u0578\u0582<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">erku<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">tr\u00eas<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0633\u0647<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">se<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">s\u00ea<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0633\u06ce<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">s\u00ea<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">h\u00eer\u00ea<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">s\u0113<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00fc\u00e7<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0565\u0580\u0565\u0584<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">erek\u02bb<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">olho<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0686\u0634\u0645<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">cheshm<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00e7av<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0686\u0627\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">\u00e7aw<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00e7im<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">chamm<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">g\u00f6z<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0561\u0579\u0584<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">achk\u02bb<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">nome<\/th><td><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0627\u0645<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">n\u0101m<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">nav<\/span><\/td><td class=\"is-this\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646\u0627\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">naw<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">name<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"bal\" dir=\"ltr\">n\u0101m<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">ad<\/span><\/td><td><span lang=\"hy\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0576<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-rom\" translate=\"no\">anun<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Persa, curdo, zazaki e bal\u00fachi s\u00e3o l\u00ednguas iranianas, e muitas de suas palavras b\u00e1sicas s\u00e3o aparentadas. O azerbaijano \u00e9 turcomano e o arm\u00eanio \u00e9 um ramo pr\u00f3prio do indo-europeu, por isso suas palavras diferem. <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fontes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dsal.uchicago.edu\/dictionaries\/steingass\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago.<\/a> (1892)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Johanson and Csat\u00f3 (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\">Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Fontes<\/h2>\n  \n  <ol class=\"pf-lx-bib\" role=\"list\"><li id=\"src-phoible\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phoible.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Moran and McCloy (eds.). PHOIBLE 2.0. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2019<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span> <span translate=\"no\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span> Invent\u00e1rios de fonemas, cada um da fonte publicada que cita, lidos em 2026-10-23.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-thackston-ckb\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Thackston. Sorani Kurdish: A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2006<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-steingass1892\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dsal.uchicago.edu\/dictionaries\/steingass\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago.<\/a> <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">1892<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span> Dom\u00ednio p\u00fablico. A edi\u00e7\u00e3o digital estava acess\u00edvel em 2026-10-23.<\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-chyet2003\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2003<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-wahby-edmonds1966\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">1966<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-paul1998\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">1998<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-jahani-korn2009\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2009<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-johanson-csato\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Johanson and Csat\u00f3 (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">1998<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><\/li><li id=\"src-dum-tragut2009\"><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__t\" translate=\"no\">Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. <span class=\"pf-lx-bib__y\">2009<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-bib__m\"><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Sorani (Central Kurdish): Linguistics<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cSorani (Central Kurdish): Linguistics.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_languages_ckb_linguistics,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Sorani ({Central} {Kurdish}): Linguistics},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ckb_linguistics.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ckb_linguistics.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_ckb_linguistics.bib\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_lan\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Sorani (Central Kurdish): Linguistics\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ckb_linguistics.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ckb_linguistics.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_ckb_linguistics.ris\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licen\u00e7a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabalhos recentes e relevantes sobre o tema desta p\u00e1gina, de fontes acad\u00eamicas abertas aprovadas. Apenas metadados e links. Os t\u00edtulos ficam como foram publicados. Ainda n\u00e3o revisado.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2109.03942\" rel=\"noopener\">A Formal Description of Sorani Kurdish Morphology<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17632\/wgp928kh4z\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Sorani (Central Kurdish) Text Corpus<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Tarik A. Rashid, Qais kakl, Abdulhady Abdulla et al. \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Mendeley Data<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Conjunto de dados<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2026.113121\" rel=\"noopener\">Mabast dataset for Sorani Kurdish dialect semantic text classification.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hasan IE, Al-Atroshi SJA \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Data Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.516489\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Poetry from the perspective of the criteria of textuality, Kurdish poetry texts of Central Kurdish dialect as an example<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Nawzad Waqas SAHID, Rebwar Muhammed ISMAIL \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 International Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/osf.io\/3d9vb\" rel=\"noopener\">Sorani Kurdish Read Speech Corpus for Rhythmic Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Akar Ahmed Saeed \u00b7 2026<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2109.06374\" rel=\"noopener\">Hunspell for Sorani Kurdish Spell Checking and Morphological Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21600\/ijoks.1013894\" rel=\"noopener\">Discourse Particles in Sorani Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zanko RADN\u0130A \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 International Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.4399769\" rel=\"noopener\">AsoSoft\/Kurdish-G2P-dataset: Central Kurdish G2P dataset<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Aso Mahmudi \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Software<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">other-open<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.01983\" rel=\"noopener\">Language and Speech Technology for Central Kurdish Varieties<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi, Daban Q. Jaff, Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam et al. \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22126\/jlw.2023.9211.1704\" rel=\"noopener\">Redefinition of Compounding in Sorani Kurdish Morphology: An Investigation on Nominal Compounds in Construction Morphology Approach<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">kourosh karimi, Arezoo Najafian, Razieh Mahdi-Beyraghdar et al. \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u200c\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.2501.14528\" rel=\"noopener\">Idiom Detection in Sorani Kurdish Texts<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Skala Kamaran Omer, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 arXiv (Cornell University)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-ND<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198962281.003.0003\" rel=\"noopener\">Sorani Kurdish: The basics<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Faruk Akku\u015f, David Embick, Mohammed A. Salih \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Case and the Syntax of Argument Indexation<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Se\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fontes, licen\u00e7as e datas de coleta: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Construa conosco\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Construa conosco<\/h2><p>Torne-se membro ou conte-nos do que sua cidade precisa. 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Gr\u00e9cia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">It\u00e1lia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Noruega<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Pa\u00edses Baixos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Reino Unido<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su\u00e9cia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su\u00ed\u00e7a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa e \u00c1sia Central<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">R\u00fassia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Oriente M\u00e9dio<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Emirados \u00c1rabes Unidos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" 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translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Participe<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/membership\/\">Associa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/join\/\">Associe-se<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/get-involved\/\">Participe<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fpt%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Entrar<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/start\/\">Comece aqui<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contato<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Aspectos legais e seguran\u00e7a<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/protected-participation\/\">Participa\u00e7\u00e3o protegida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Carta<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta rede: o que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/corrections\/\">Corre\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/verification\/\">Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">L\u00ednguas<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Vers\u00e3o da carta<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">A Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Curda \u00e9 uma rede independente de educa\u00e7\u00e3o e desenvolvimento entre pares, formada por comunidades curdas. N\u00e3o \u00e9 uma universidade e n\u00e3o reivindica nenhuma autoridade p\u00fablica. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta rede: o que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOL\u00edngua Rede \u00c1reas 01Academia Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica. 02Patrim\u00f4nio A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Sorani (Central Kurdish): Linguistics&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":417,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-842","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/842\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}