{"id":857,"date":"2026-11-01T18:43:07","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/learn\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:43:07","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:43:07","slug":"learn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/learn\/","title":{"rendered":"Russian: Learn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Mais\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" 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x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>L\u00edngua<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Rede\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Rede\"><span>Rede<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c1reas<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrim\u00f4nio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a mem\u00f3ria, as religi\u00f5es, as artes, a literatura e a culin\u00e1ria.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>L\u00edngua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, curdo do sul e gorani, em todas as escritas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Pesquisa<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Estudos curdos: o observat\u00f3rio, listas de leitura e novas pesquisas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Oportunidades<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Meios de subsist\u00eancia, compet\u00eancias, empregos, mentoria e pontes entre a di\u00e1spora e a regi\u00e3o.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Cidadania<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educa\u00e7\u00e3o c\u00edvica, conhecimento de direitos, apoio a pessoas ap\u00e1tridas e di\u00e1logo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Desenvolvimento<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programas sociais, meios de vida e prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para desastres para comunidades curdas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Not\u00edcias e eventos<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Not\u00edcias curdas e regionais com cada ve\u00edculo identificado, e o calend\u00e1rio de dias curdos.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">In\u00edcio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/country-programmes\/\">Programas 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A p\u00e1gina em ingl\u00eas \u00e9 a refer\u00eancia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Trilha de navega\u00e7\u00e3o\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\">L\u00edngua<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/\">Russo<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Aprender<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Aprender<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Russo: aprender<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Aprender russo: um percurso, cursos, exames, programas para crian\u00e7as e forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><p class=\"pf-specimen\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/p><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n<nav class=\"pf-lx-tabs\" aria-label=\"Russo: p\u00e1ginas\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/\">Vis\u00e3o geral<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/writing\/\">Escrita<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/linguistics\/\">Lingu\u00edstica<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Aprender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/resources\/\">Recursos e preserva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Nesta p\u00e1gina\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Nesta p\u00e1gina<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Dos primeiros passos \u00e0 flu\u00eancia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Cursos da Academia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Exames e n\u00edveis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Programas de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a para crian\u00e7as<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Estudar em outro lugar<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Dos primeiros passos \u00e0 flu\u00eancia<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Os n\u00edveis seguem como guia os descritores do Quadro Europeu Comum de Refer\u00eancia para as L\u00ednguas (QECR). Um curso aqui n\u00e3o \u00e9 um exame oficial do QECR.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-lx-path\" role=\"list\"><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">A1<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Primeiros passos<\/h3><p>Leia e escreva a escrita. Cumprimente, apresente-se e fa\u00e7a perguntas simples.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">A2<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Uso cotidiano<\/h3><p>Lide com tarefas rotineiras: compras, viagens, fam\u00edlia e trabalho.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">B1 to B2<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Uso independente<\/h3><p>Acompanhe as not\u00edcias, escreva cartas e participe de uma discuss\u00e3o.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">C1 to C2<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Uso proficiente<\/h3><p>Leia literatura, trabalhe na l\u00edngua e interprete.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Cursos da Academia<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-empty\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso de russo planejado. Professores e autores podem propor um.<\/p><p><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/join\/\">Proponha um curso<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Exames e n\u00edveis<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-res\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"exam\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Exame<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\">Test of Russian as a Foreign Language (TORFL)<\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation<\/span>  <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rnote\">Seis n\u00edveis alinhados aos n\u00edveis do QECR.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fontes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/common-european-framework-reference-languages\" rel=\"noopener\">Council of Europe. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Companion volume.<\/a> (2020)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Programas de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a para crian\u00e7as<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>O curdo foi proibido ou restringido em v\u00e1rios dos Estados onde vivem os curdos durante grande parte do s\u00e9culo 20. Boa parte do seu ensino passou para as casas, as escolas da di\u00e1spora e os programas de l\u00edngua materna no exterior. A rede est\u00e1 preparando curr\u00edculos comuns, forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores e um diret\u00f3rio de escolas.<\/p><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-res\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modersmal.skolverket.se\/\">Mother tongue lessons (modersm\u00e5l)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket)<\/span>  <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rnote\">Aulas de l\u00edngua materna nas escolas suecas, com material did\u00e1tico por l\u00edngua.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udir.no\/\">Mother tongue teaching (morsm\u00e5l)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training (Udir)<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.schulministerium.nrw\/herkunftssprachlicher-unterricht\">Herkunftssprachlicher Unterricht<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Ministry of Schools and Education of North Rhine-Westphalia<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rnote\">Aulas de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a em escolas p\u00fablicas da Ren\u00e2nia do Norte-Vestf\u00e1lia.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/international-languages-elementary-program\">International Languages Elementary Program<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Ontario Ministry of Education<\/span>  <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/school\/teachers\/teachingresources\/discipline\/languages\/Pages\/communitylanguages.aspx\">Community languages schools<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Department of Education, Victoria<\/span>  <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Programas p\u00fablicos em alguns pa\u00edses de acolhida. As l\u00ednguas que cada um oferece s\u00e3o definidas localmente; consulte o programa para russo.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-empty\">A forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores de russo est\u00e1 em forma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Estudar em outro lugar<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-res\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uu.se\/en\/department\/linguistics-and-philology\">Iranian languages<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Department of Linguistics and Philology, Uppsala University<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inalco.fr\/\">Persian, Kurdish and Armenian<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Inalco (Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales)<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.soas.ac.uk\/\">Persian<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">SOAS University of London<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk\/iais\/research\/centres\/kurdishstudies\/\">Kurdish Studies<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Centre for Kurdish Studies, University of Exeter<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Institui\u00e7\u00f5es que ensinam ou pesquisam as l\u00ednguas da regi\u00e3o. Constar na lista n\u00e3o \u00e9 parceria nem apoio.<\/p>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Russian: Learn<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/learn\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cRussian: Learn.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/learn\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_languages_ru_learn,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Russian: Learn},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/learn\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/learn\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru_learn.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru_learn.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_ru_learn.bib\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_lan\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Russian: Learn\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru_learn.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_ru_learn.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_ru_learn.ris\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licen\u00e7a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabalhos recentes e relevantes sobre o tema desta p\u00e1gina, de fontes acad\u00eamicas abertas aprovadas. Apenas metadados e links. Os t\u00edtulos ficam como foram publicados. Ainda n\u00e3o revisado.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52837\/2579-2970-2023.12.2-46\" rel=\"noopener\">The Musavat Azerbaijan Policy Towards Kurds: Parallels With Post-Soviet Azerbaijan\u2019s Ethnic Policy<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Artyom Tonoyan, Liana Petrosyan \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 Contemporary Eurasia<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/6181\" rel=\"noopener\">Ethnic Mobilization in Post-Soviet Georgia: The Case of the Yezidi-Kurds<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">David Szakonyi \u00b7 2007 \u00b7 Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v5i2.442\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurds in the USSR, 1917-1956<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Jonathan Otto Pohl \u00b7 2017 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mepo.12682\" rel=\"noopener\">Russia and the Kurds: A Soft\u2010Power Tool for the Kremlin?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Anna Borshchevskaya \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Middle East Policy<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12775\/18255\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurds in the Former Soviet States from the Historical and Cultural Perspectives<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Khanna Omarkhali \u00b7 2013 \u00b7 Journal of political studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/jks.3.0.519242\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kurds and the Kurdish Language in Soviet Azerbaijan according to the All-Union Census of December 17, 1926<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Daniel M\u00dcLLER \u00b7 2000 \u00b7 Journal of Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14904\" rel=\"noopener\">Pre-migration traumatic experiences, post-migration perceived discrimination and substance use among Russian and Kurdish migrants-a population-based study.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salama ES, Castaneda AE, Lilja E et al. \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 Addiction<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33630\/ausbf.1010312\" rel=\"noopener\">Russia\u2019s Kurdish Policy from the Tsardom to the Soviet Union<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Orhan Gafarl\u0131, K\u00fcr\u015fad G\u00fc\u00e7 \u00b7 2021 \u00b7 Ankara \u00dcniversitesi SBF Dergisi<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1363461520906028\" rel=\"noopener\">Substance use, affective symptoms, and suicidal ideation among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish migrants in Finland.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Salama E, Castaneda AE, Suvisaari J et al. \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Transcult Psychiatry<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fontes, licen\u00e7as e datas de coleta: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Construa conosco\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Construa conosco<\/h2><p>Torne-se membro ou conte-nos do que sua cidade precisa. Voc\u00ea escolhe o que compartilha.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Associe-se<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Seu perfil<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Contato<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Rede\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" 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class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>\u00c1frica<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Egito<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u00c1sia-Pac\u00edfico<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Austr\u00e1lia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jap\u00e3o<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Nova Zel\u00e2ndia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Gr\u00e9cia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">It\u00e1lia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Noruega<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Pa\u00edses Baixos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Reino Unido<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su\u00e9cia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su\u00ed\u00e7a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa e \u00c1sia Central<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">R\u00fassia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Oriente M\u00e9dio<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Emirados \u00c1rabes Unidos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" 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translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Participe<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/membership\/\">Associa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/join\/\">Associe-se<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/get-involved\/\">Participe<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fpt%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Entrar<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/start\/\">Comece aqui<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contato<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Aspectos legais e seguran\u00e7a<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/protected-participation\/\">Participa\u00e7\u00e3o protegida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Carta<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta rede: o que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/corrections\/\">Corre\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/verification\/\">Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">L\u00ednguas<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" 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dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Vers\u00e3o da carta<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">A Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Curda \u00e9 uma rede independente de educa\u00e7\u00e3o e desenvolvimento entre pares, formada por comunidades curdas. N\u00e3o \u00e9 uma universidade e n\u00e3o reivindica nenhuma autoridade p\u00fablica. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta rede: o que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOL\u00edngua Rede \u00c1reas 01Academia Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica. 02Patrim\u00f4nio A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/ru\/learn\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Russian: Learn&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":423,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-857","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=857"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/857\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}