{"id":861,"date":"2026-11-01T18:43:15","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:43:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:43:15","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:43:15","slug":"learn","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/","title":{"rendered":"Southern Kurdish (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee): Learn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Mais\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" 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height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>L\u00edngua<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Rede\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Rede\"><span>Rede<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c1reas<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrim\u00f4nio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a mem\u00f3ria, as religi\u00f5es, as artes, a literatura e a culin\u00e1ria.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>L\u00edngua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, curdo do sul e gorani, em todas as escritas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Pesquisa<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Estudos curdos: o observat\u00f3rio, listas de leitura e novas pesquisas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Oportunidades<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Meios de subsist\u00eancia, compet\u00eancias, empregos, mentoria e pontes entre a di\u00e1spora e a regi\u00e3o.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Cidadania<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educa\u00e7\u00e3o c\u00edvica, conhecimento de direitos, apoio a pessoas ap\u00e1tridas e di\u00e1logo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Desenvolvimento<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programas sociais, meios de vida e prepara\u00e7\u00e3o para desastres para comunidades curdas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Not\u00edcias e eventos<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Not\u00edcias curdas e regionais com cada ve\u00edculo identificado, e o calend\u00e1rio de dias curdos.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">In\u00edcio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/country-programmes\/\">Programas nacionais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/areas\/\">\u00c1reas de trabalho<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/calendar\/\">Calend\u00e1rio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/the-community\/\">Comunidades curdas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programas nacionais\"><span>Programas nacionais<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programas nacionais<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/country-programmes\/\">Todos os 35 programas nacionais<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Este site\"><span>Este site<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\" aria-current=\"page\">L\u00edngua<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/#register\">L\u00ednguas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/scripts\/\">Escritas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/tools\/\">Ferramentas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/learn\/\">Aprender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/resources\/\">Recursos<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/preservation\/\">Preserva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/sources\/\">Fontes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Sobre\"><span>Sobre<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a 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Ela est\u00e1 sendo revisada por falantes nativos. A p\u00e1gina em ingl\u00eas \u00e9 a refer\u00eancia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Trilha de navega\u00e7\u00e3o\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/\">L\u00edngua<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/\">Curdo do sul (kelhur\u00ee, feyl\u00ee)<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Aprender<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Aprender<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Curdo do sul (kelhur\u00ee, feyl\u00ee): aprender<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Aprender curdo do sul (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee): um percurso, cursos, exames, programas para crian\u00e7as e forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__aside\"><p class=\"pf-specimen\" lang=\"sdh\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646<\/p><\/div>\n  \n<\/header>\n<nav class=\"pf-lx-tabs\" aria-label=\"Curdo do sul (kelhur\u00ee, feyl\u00ee): p\u00e1ginas\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/\">Vis\u00e3o geral<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/writing\/\">Escrita<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/linguistics\/\">Lingu\u00edstica<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Aprender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/resources\/\">Recursos e preserva\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Nesta p\u00e1gina\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Nesta p\u00e1gina<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Dos primeiros passos \u00e0 flu\u00eancia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Cursos da Academia<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Exames e n\u00edveis<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Programas de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a para crian\u00e7as<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Estudar em outro lugar<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Dos primeiros passos \u00e0 flu\u00eancia<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Os n\u00edveis seguem como guia os descritores do Quadro Europeu Comum de Refer\u00eancia para as L\u00ednguas (QECR). Um curso aqui n\u00e3o \u00e9 um exame oficial do QECR.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-lx-path\" role=\"list\"><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">A1<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Primeiros passos<\/h3><p>Leia e escreva a escrita. Cumprimente, apresente-se e fa\u00e7a perguntas simples.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">A2<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Uso cotidiano<\/h3><p>Lide com tarefas rotineiras: compras, viagens, fam\u00edlia e trabalho.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">B1 to B2<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Uso independente<\/h3><p>Acompanhe as not\u00edcias, escreva cartas e participe de uma discuss\u00e3o.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"pf-lx-path__lv\" translate=\"no\">C1 to C2<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-lx-path__t\">Uso proficiente<\/h3><p>Leia literatura, trabalhe na l\u00edngua e interprete.<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-path__none\">Ainda n\u00e3o h\u00e1 curso neste n\u00edvel.<\/p><\/li><\/ol>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Cursos da Academia<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"kurdish-languages\" data-faculty=\"kurdish-studies\" data-level=\"F\" data-wave=\"3\" data-status=\"planned\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Curdo do sul \u00b7 Fundamentos<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/catalogue\/southern-kurdish\/\">Curdo do sul<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Esbo\u00e7o em prepara\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Onda 3 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Planejado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Exames e n\u00edveis<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-empty\">Nenhum exame oficial de profici\u00eancia alinhado ao QECR est\u00e1 registrado ainda para curdo do sul (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee).<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fontes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/common-european-framework-reference-languages\" rel=\"noopener\">Council of Europe. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Companion volume.<\/a> (2020)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Programas de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a para crian\u00e7as<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>O curdo foi proibido ou restringido em v\u00e1rios dos Estados onde vivem os curdos durante grande parte do s\u00e9culo 20. Boa parte do seu ensino passou para as casas, as escolas da di\u00e1spora e os programas de l\u00edngua materna no exterior. A rede est\u00e1 preparando curr\u00edculos comuns, forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores e um diret\u00f3rio de escolas.<\/p><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-res\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/modersmal.skolverket.se\/\">Mother tongue lessons (modersm\u00e5l)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Swedish National Agency for Education (Skolverket)<\/span>  <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rnote\">Aulas de l\u00edngua materna nas escolas suecas, com material did\u00e1tico por l\u00edngua.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udir.no\/\">Mother tongue teaching (morsm\u00e5l)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training (Udir)<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.schulministerium.nrw\/herkunftssprachlicher-unterricht\">Herkunftssprachlicher Unterricht<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Ministry of Schools and Education of North Rhine-Westphalia<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-rnote\">Aulas de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a em escolas p\u00fablicas da Ren\u00e2nia do Norte-Vestf\u00e1lia.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/page\/international-languages-elementary-program\">International Languages Elementary Program<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Ontario Ministry of Education<\/span>  <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"heritage\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Programa de l\u00edngua de heran\u00e7a<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.education.vic.gov.au\/school\/teachers\/teachingresources\/discipline\/languages\/Pages\/communitylanguages.aspx\">Community languages schools<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Department of Education, Victoria<\/span>  <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">A verificar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Programas p\u00fablicos em alguns pa\u00edses de acolhida. As l\u00ednguas que cada um oferece s\u00e3o definidas localmente; consulte o programa para curdo do sul (kelhur\u00ee, feyl\u00ee).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-empty\">A forma\u00e7\u00e3o de professores de curdo do sul (kelhur\u00ee, feyl\u00ee) est\u00e1 em forma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Estudar em outro lugar<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-res\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uu.se\/en\/department\/linguistics-and-philology\">Iranian languages<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Department of Linguistics and Philology, Uppsala University<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inalco.fr\/\">Persian, Kurdish and Armenian<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Inalco (Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales)<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.soas.ac.uk\/\">Persian<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">SOAS University of London<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-kind=\"study\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Estudo<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk\/iais\/research\/centres\/kurdishstudies\/\">Kurdish Studies<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-lx-auth\" translate=\"no\">Centre for Kurdish Studies, University of Exeter<\/span> <span class=\"pf-lx-checked\">Conferido em 2026-10-23<\/span> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Institui\u00e7\u00f5es que ensinam ou pesquisam as l\u00ednguas da regi\u00e3o. Constar na lista n\u00e3o \u00e9 parceria nem apoio.<\/p>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Southern Kurdish (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee): Learn<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cSouthern Kurdish (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee): Learn.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_languages_sdh_learn,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Southern {Kurdish} ({Kelhur}{\\^ i}, {Feyl}{\\^ i}): Learn},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_sdh_learn.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_sdh_learn.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_sdh_learn.bib\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_lan\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Southern Kurdish (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee): Learn\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_languages_sdh_learn.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_languages_sdh_learn.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_languages_sdh_learn.ris\">Baixar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licen\u00e7a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Pesquisa e fontes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabalhos recentes e relevantes sobre o tema desta p\u00e1gina, de fontes acad\u00eamicas abertas aprovadas. Apenas metadados e links. Os t\u00edtulos ficam como foram publicados. Ainda n\u00e3o revisado.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48448\/b389-8256\" rel=\"noopener\">Approaches to Corpus Creation for Low-Resource Language Technology: the Case of Southern Kurdish and Laki<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Association for Computational Linguistics 2023, Sina Ahmadi, Antonios Anastasopoulos et al. \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Underline Science Inc.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Outro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78837-7_6\" rel=\"noopener\">A Cross-Dialect Account of Kurdish Past Tense Categories, with Special Reference to Southern Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sara Belelli \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Springer eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Se\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/14are\" rel=\"noopener\">Sara Belelli. \u201cA Cross-Dialect Account of Kurdish Past Tense Categories, with Special Reference to Southern Kurdish\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Shuan Osman Karim \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Abstracta Iranica<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-SA-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20378\/irb-56759\" rel=\"noopener\">Towards a dialectology of Southern Kurdish : Where to begin?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sara Belelli \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 Bamberg Studies in Kurdish Linguistics (BSKL)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Se\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.20780299\" rel=\"noopener\">Observations on &quot;\u00fc&quot; and &quot;\u00fce&quot; Correspondences in Southern Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">X_name \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25420\/britishmuseum.29403455\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern Kurdish film poster<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Yad Deen, Renas Babakir, Noori Issa \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 The British Museum<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Outro<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22054\/ls.2020.49021.1296\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Functions of (-ow) in Southern Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Habib Gowhari, Forugh Asadi \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 \u0312Ilm-i Zab\u0101n<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10125\/81592\" rel=\"noopener\">Southern Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Parvaneh Rezaee \u00b7 2015 \u00b7 ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-SA<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jokl.uok.ac.ir\/article_61200.html?lang=en\" rel=\"noopener\">The Effect of Age and Level of Education as Extra-Linguistics Variables on Mutual Intelligibility between Central and Southern Kurdish Dialects<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Manijeh Mirmukri, Gholam-Hossein Karimi-Doostan \u00b7 2019 \u00b7 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glottolog.org\/resource\/languoid\/id\/sout2640\" rel=\"noopener\">Glottolog 5.3 Resources for Southern Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2026 \u00b7 OLAC &#8211; Open Language Archives Community<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2026.113129\" rel=\"noopener\">Dasinya: A dataset and preprocessing pipeline for the Badini Kurdish dialect.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saeed VA, Jacksi K \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Data Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0035869x00038351\" rel=\"noopener\">II A Southern Kurdish Folksong in Kermanshahi Dialect<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">E. B. Soane \u00b7 1909 \u00b7 Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain &amp; Ireland<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Artigo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acesso aberto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-ZERO<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fontes, licen\u00e7as e datas de coleta: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Construa conosco\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Construa conosco<\/h2><p>Torne-se membro ou conte-nos do que sua cidade precisa. 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translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>C\u00e1ucaso<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Arm\u00eania<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Azerbaij\u00e3o<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Ge\u00f3rgia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u00c1sia Central<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Cazaquist\u00e3o<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a 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data-pf-xlang=\"English\">B\u00e9lgica<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Chipre<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Dinamarca<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Finl\u00e2ndia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Fran\u00e7a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Gr\u00e9cia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">It\u00e1lia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Noruega<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Pa\u00edses Baixos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Reino Unido<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su\u00e9cia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su\u00ed\u00e7a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa e \u00c1sia Central<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">R\u00fassia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Oriente M\u00e9dio<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Emirados \u00c1rabes Unidos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Ir\u00e3<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Iraque<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Israel<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jord\u00e2nia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">L\u00edbano<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">S\u00edria<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turquia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Am\u00e9rica do Norte<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Canad\u00e1<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Estados Unidos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Participe<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/membership\/\">Associa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/join\/\">Associe-se<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/get-involved\/\">Participe<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fpt%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Entrar<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/start\/\">Comece aqui<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contato<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Aspectos legais e seguran\u00e7a<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/pt\/protected-participation\/\">Participa\u00e7\u00e3o protegida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Carta<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta rede: o que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/corrections\/\">Corre\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/pt\/verification\/\">Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">L\u00ednguas<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Vers\u00e3o da carta<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">A Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Curda \u00e9 uma rede independente de educa\u00e7\u00e3o e desenvolvimento entre pares, formada por comunidades curdas. N\u00e3o \u00e9 uma universidade e n\u00e3o reivindica nenhuma autoridade p\u00fablica. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta rede: o que somos e o que n\u00e3o somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOL\u00edngua Rede \u00c1reas 01Academia Todas as \u00e1reas do conhecimento, cursos em todas as variedades do curdo e comunidades de pr\u00e1tica. 02Patrim\u00f4nio A hist\u00f3ria dos montes Zagros at\u00e9 hoje, a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/languages\/sdh\/learn\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Southern Kurdish (Kelhur\u00ee, Feyl\u00ee): Learn&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":424,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-861","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/861\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}