{"id":94,"date":"2026-11-01T18:17:40","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:17:40","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:17:40","slug":"tools","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Language tools"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/language\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"M\u00e1s\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/\" data-area=\"language\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Lengua<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Red\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Red\"><span>Red<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c1reas<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Academia<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Todos los campos del saber, cursos en todas las variedades del kurdo y comunidades de pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrimonio<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">La historia desde los Zagros hasta hoy, la memoria, las religiones, las artes, la literatura y la gastronom\u00eda.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Lengua<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanji, sorani, zazaki, kurdo meridional y gorani, en todas sus escrituras.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Investigaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Estudios kurdos: el observatorio, listas de lectura e investigaci\u00f3n nueva.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Oportunidades<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Medios de vida, competencias, empleo, mentor\u00eda y puentes entre la di\u00e1spora y la regi\u00f3n.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Vida c\u00edvica<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Educaci\u00f3n c\u00edvica, conocimiento de los derechos, ayuda a personas ap\u00e1tridas y di\u00e1logo.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>Desarrollo<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programas sociales, medios de vida y preparaci\u00f3n ante desastres para las comunidades kurdas.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Noticias y eventos<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Noticias kurdas y regionales con cada medio etiquetado, y el calendario de d\u00edas kurdos.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\">Inicio<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\">Programas nacionales<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/areas\/\">\u00c1reas de trabajo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/calendar\/\">Calendario<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/the-community\/\">Comunidades kurdas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programas nacionales\"><span>Programas nacionales<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programas nacionales<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/country-programmes\/\">Los 35 programas nacionales<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Este sitio\"><span>Este sitio<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/\">Lengua<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/#register\">Lenguas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/\">Escrituras<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Herramientas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/learn\/\">Aprender<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/resources\/\">Recursos<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/preservation\/\">Conservaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/sources\/\">Fuentes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Acerca de\"><span>Acerca de<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Acerca de<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Acerca de<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/federation\/\">Federaci\u00f3n<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">C\u00f3mo funciona la federaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/the-community\/\">Comunidades kurdas<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta red: qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Carta<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Participe<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/membership\/\">Membres\u00eda<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Membres\u00eda y participaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/join\/\">Afiliarse<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/get-involved\/\">Participe<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Formas de participar<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Aviso legal y seguridad<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/protected-participation\/\">Participaci\u00f3n protegida<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/corrections\/\">Correcciones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contacto<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"Buscar  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Buscar<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">Buscar<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"Buscar en este sitio\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">Buscar<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Cuenta\" data-tip=\"Cuenta\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Cuenta<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fes%2Fstart%2F\">Iniciar sesi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=es\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Afiliarse<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Su perfil<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/start\/\">Panel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">Ajustes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Sus sesiones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Cerrar sesi\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Lenguas\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Lenguas<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ES<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ar\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fa\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/az\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/de\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Sistema\" data-tip=\"Sistema\" data-l-light=\"Claro\" data-l-dark=\"Oscuro\" data-l-system=\"Sistema\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__dark\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3a6 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 1 1-9-9Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__system\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" 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pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Esta p\u00e1gina es una traducci\u00f3n. Est\u00e1 siendo revisada por hablantes nativos. La p\u00e1gina en ingl\u00e9s es la referencia.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Ruta de navegaci\u00f3n\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/\">Lengua<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Herramientas<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Lengua<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Herramientas ling\u00fc\u00edsticas<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Una tabla de escrituras, un conversor de numerales y una transliteraci\u00f3n seg\u00fan est\u00e1ndares abiertos. Funcionan en su navegador y nada de lo que escriba se env\u00eda a ning\u00fan sitio.<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"chart\"><\/span><nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"En esta p\u00e1gina\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">En esta p\u00e1gina<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Tabla de escrituras<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Conversor de numerales<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Transliteraci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Tablas de pronunciaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>C\u00f3mo funcionan las herramientas<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Investigaci\u00f3n y fuentes<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Tabla de escrituras<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">El alfabeto persa. Cada uno de los dem\u00e1s alfabetos tiene su tabla en su propia p\u00e1gina.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-chart\" id=\"pf-lx-chart-persian-16\" data-pf-mod=\"scriptchart\" data-lx=\"{&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;join&quot;:true,&quot;letters&quot;:[[&quot;\u0627&quot;,&quot;U+0627&quot;,&quot;arabic letter alef&quot;,&quot;\u0101 \/ not written&quot;,&quot;\u0252\u02d0, \u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u0628&quot;,&quot;U+0628&quot;,&quot;arabic letter beh&quot;,&quot;b&quot;,&quot;b&quot;],[&quot;\u067e&quot;,&quot;U+067E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter peh&quot;,&quot;p&quot;,&quot;p&quot;],[&quot;\u062a&quot;,&quot;U+062A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter teh&quot;,&quot;t&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u062b&quot;,&quot;U+062B&quot;,&quot;arabic letter theh&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u062c&quot;,&quot;U+062C&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeem&quot;,&quot;j&quot;,&quot;d\u0361\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0686&quot;,&quot;U+0686&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tcheh&quot;,&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;t\u0361\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u062d&quot;,&quot;U+062D&quot;,&quot;arabic letter hah&quot;,&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u062e&quot;,&quot;U+062E&quot;,&quot;arabic letter khah&quot;,&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;x&quot;],[&quot;\u062f&quot;,&quot;U+062F&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dal&quot;,&quot;d&quot;,&quot;d&quot;],[&quot;\u0630&quot;,&quot;U+0630&quot;,&quot;arabic letter thal&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0631&quot;,&quot;U+0631&quot;,&quot;arabic letter reh&quot;,&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u027e&quot;],[&quot;\u0632&quot;,&quot;U+0632&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zain&quot;,&quot;z&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0698&quot;,&quot;U+0698&quot;,&quot;arabic letter jeh&quot;,&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0292&quot;],[&quot;\u0633&quot;,&quot;U+0633&quot;,&quot;arabic letter seen&quot;,&quot;s&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0634&quot;,&quot;U+0634&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sheen&quot;,&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0283&quot;],[&quot;\u0635&quot;,&quot;U+0635&quot;,&quot;arabic letter sad&quot;,&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;s&quot;],[&quot;\u0636&quot;,&quot;U+0636&quot;,&quot;arabic letter dad&quot;,&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0637&quot;,&quot;U+0637&quot;,&quot;arabic letter tah&quot;,&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;t&quot;],[&quot;\u0638&quot;,&quot;U+0638&quot;,&quot;arabic letter zah&quot;,&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;z&quot;],[&quot;\u0639&quot;,&quot;U+0639&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ain&quot;,&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u0294&quot;],[&quot;\u063a&quot;,&quot;U+063A&quot;,&quot;arabic letter ghain&quot;,&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0263, \u0262&quot;],[&quot;\u0641&quot;,&quot;U+0641&quot;,&quot;arabic letter feh&quot;,&quot;f&quot;,&quot;f&quot;],[&quot;\u0642&quot;,&quot;U+0642&quot;,&quot;arabic letter qaf&quot;,&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u0262, \u0263&quot;],[&quot;\u06a9&quot;,&quot;U+06A9&quot;,&quot;arabic letter keheh&quot;,&quot;k&quot;,&quot;k&quot;],[&quot;\u06af&quot;,&quot;U+06AF&quot;,&quot;arabic letter gaf&quot;,&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0261&quot;],[&quot;\u0644&quot;,&quot;U+0644&quot;,&quot;arabic letter lam&quot;,&quot;l&quot;,&quot;l&quot;],[&quot;\u0645&quot;,&quot;U+0645&quot;,&quot;arabic letter meem&quot;,&quot;m&quot;,&quot;m&quot;],[&quot;\u0646&quot;,&quot;U+0646&quot;,&quot;arabic letter noon&quot;,&quot;n&quot;,&quot;n&quot;],[&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;U+0648&quot;,&quot;arabic letter waw&quot;,&quot;v \/ \u016b \/ aw&quot;,&quot;v, u\u02d0, ow&quot;],[&quot;\u0647&quot;,&quot;U+0647&quot;,&quot;arabic letter heh&quot;,&quot;h&quot;,&quot;h&quot;],[&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;U+06CC&quot;,&quot;arabic letter farsi yeh&quot;,&quot;y \/ \u012b \/ ay&quot;,&quot;j, i\u02d0, ej&quot;]]}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__bar\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Buscar una letra<\/span><input type=\"search\" class=\"pf-lx-chart__q\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><\/label><p class=\"pf-lx-chart__count\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><\/div>\n<ol class=\"pf-lx-chart__grid\" role=\"list\" dir=\"rtl\"><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"0\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"1\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0628<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"2\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u067e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"3\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"4\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062b<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"5\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062c<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"6\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0686<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"7\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062d<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"8\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062e<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"9\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u062f<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"10\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0630<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"11\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0631<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"12\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"13\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0698<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"14\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0633<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"15\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0634<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"16\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0635<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"17\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0636<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"18\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0637<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"19\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0638<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"20\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0639<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"21\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u063a<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"22\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"23\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0642<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"24\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"25\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06af<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"26\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"27\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0645<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"28\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0646<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"29\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0648<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"30\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-lx-tile\" data-lx-i=\"31\"><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__g\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06cc<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-tile__r\" translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-chart__detail\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"name\" hidden>Nombre Unicode<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"cp\" hidden>Punto de c\u00f3digo<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"rom\" hidden>Romanizaci\u00f3n<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ipa\" hidden>Sonido (AFI)<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"forms\" hidden>Formas<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"iso\" hidden>Solo<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"ini\" hidden>Inicial<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"med\" hidden>Medial<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"fin\" hidden>Final<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"upper\" hidden>Capital<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copy\" hidden>Copiar<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"copied\" hidden>Copiado<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"n\" hidden>{n} letras<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"pick\" hidden>Seleccione una letra para ver sus formas, su punto de c\u00f3digo y su sonido.<\/span>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Mostrar como tabla<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Letra<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Punto de c\u00f3digo<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Nombre Unicode<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Romanizaci\u00f3n<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sonido (AFI)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0627<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101 \/ not written<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0, \u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0628<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter beh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+067E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter peh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter teh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062B<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter theh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d\u0361\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0686<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tcheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t\u0361\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062D<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062E<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter khah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+062F<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0630<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter thal<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0631<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter reh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u027e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0632<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0698<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter jeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0292<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0633<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter seen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0634<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sheen<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0283<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0635<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter sad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0636<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter dad<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0637<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter tah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0638<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter zah<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0639<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+063A<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter ghain<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0263, \u0262<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0641<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter feh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0642<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter qaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0262, \u0263<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06A9<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter keheh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06AF<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter gaf<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0261<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0644<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter lam<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0645<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter meem<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0646<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter noon<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0648<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0648<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter waw<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">v \/ \u016b \/ aw<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">v, u\u02d0, ow<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0647<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter heh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06cc<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+06CC<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter farsi yeh<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">y \/ \u012b \/ ay<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">j, i\u02d0, ej<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0622<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter alef with madda above<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0252\u02d0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+0621<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">arabic letter hamza<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"pf-lx-ipa\" translate=\"no\">\u0294<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">ZWNJ<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">U+200C<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\" class=\"pf-lx-uname\">zero width non-joiner<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\"><\/span><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div><ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-script\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0626 \u0627 \u0628<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/sorani-arabic\/#chart\">Alfabeto kurdo de base \u00e1rabe<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"sdh\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0626 \u0627 \u0628<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/southern-kurdish-arabic\/#chart\">Kurdo meridional en el alfabeto de base \u00e1rabe<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">a b c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/kurmanji-latin\/#chart\">Alfabeto latino kurdo (Hawar)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Cyrl\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0430 \u0431 \u0449<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/kurdish-cyrillic\/#chart\">Alfabeto cir\u00edlico kurdo<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0430 \u0431 \u0432<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/scripts\/russian-cyrillic\/#chart\">Alfabeto cir\u00edlico ruso<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"numerals\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Conversor de numerales<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Escriba un n\u00famero con cualquiera de estos d\u00edgitos.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-num\" id=\"pf-lx-num-latn-arabext-arab\" data-pf-mod=\"numerals\" data-lx=\"{&quot;systems&quot;:[[&quot;latn&quot;,&quot;Western digits&quot;,&quot;0123456789&quot;,0],[&quot;arabext&quot;,&quot;Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits&quot;,&quot;\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2\u06f3\u06f4\u06f5\u06f6\u06f7\u06f8\u06f9&quot;,0],[&quot;arab&quot;,&quot;Arabic-Indic digits&quot;,&quot;\u0660\u0661\u0662\u0663\u0664\u0665\u0666\u0667\u0668\u0669&quot;,0]]}\">\n<p class=\"pf-lx-num__in\" hidden><label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>N\u00famero<\/span><input type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"2026\" autocomplete=\"off\" dir=\"ltr\"><\/label><\/p>\n<dl class=\"pf-lx-num__out\"><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>D\u00edgitos occidentales <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">latn<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"latn\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">2026<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>D\u00edgitos ar\u00e1bigo-\u00edndicos extendidos (persas) <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">arabext<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"arabext\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">\u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f6<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-lx-num__row\"><dt>Cifras arabigo\u00edndicas <span class=\"pf-lx-code\" translate=\"no\">arab<\/span><\/dt><dd data-lx-sys=\"arab\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"range\" hidden>Los numerales con letras cubren del 1 al {max}.<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-t\" data-lx-t=\"bad\" hidden>Escriba un n\u00famero entero con cualquiera de estos d\u00edgitos.<\/span>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">D\u00edgitos de los sistemas de numeraci\u00f3n de Unicode CLDR. Los d\u00edgitos persas difieren de los \u00e1rabes en la forma del 4, el 5 y el 6.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Mostrar como tabla<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">D\u00edgitos<\/th><th scope=\"col\">0<\/th><th scope=\"col\">1<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2<\/th><th scope=\"col\">3<\/th><th scope=\"col\">4<\/th><th scope=\"col\">5<\/th><th scope=\"col\">6<\/th><th scope=\"col\">7<\/th><th scope=\"col\">8<\/th><th scope=\"col\">9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">D\u00edgitos occidentales<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">D\u00edgitos ar\u00e1bigo-\u00edndicos extendidos (persas)<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f0<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f1<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f2<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f3<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f4<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f5<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f6<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f7<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f8<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06f9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cifras arabigo\u00edndicas<\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0660<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0661<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0662<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0663<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0664<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0665<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0666<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0667<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0668<\/span><\/td><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0669<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<span class=\"pf-lx-anchor\" id=\"translit\"><\/span><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Transliteraci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Elija una norma y un tipo. Cada norma es una tabla de romanizaci\u00f3n ALA-LC publicada.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-mod pf-lx-tr\" id=\"pf-lx-tr-fa-alalc-ku-alalc-latn-cyrl-ku-alalc-latn-arab-ku-alalc-arab-latn\" data-pf-mod=\"translit\" data-lx=\"{&quot;fa-alalc&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Persian to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;fa&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Latn&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-persian&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;\u0628&quot;:&quot;b&quot;,&quot;\u067e&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;\u062a&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u062b&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u062c&quot;:&quot;j&quot;,&quot;\u0686&quot;:&quot;ch&quot;,&quot;\u062d&quot;:&quot;\u1e25&quot;,&quot;\u062e&quot;:&quot;kh&quot;,&quot;\u062f&quot;:&quot;d&quot;,&quot;\u0630&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0631&quot;:&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u0632&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0698&quot;:&quot;zh&quot;,&quot;\u0633&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u0634&quot;:&quot;sh&quot;,&quot;\u0635&quot;:&quot;\u1e63&quot;,&quot;\u0636&quot;:&quot;z\u0324&quot;,&quot;\u0637&quot;:&quot;\u1e6d&quot;,&quot;\u0638&quot;:&quot;\u1e93&quot;,&quot;\u0639&quot;:&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u063a&quot;:&quot;gh&quot;,&quot;\u0641&quot;:&quot;f&quot;,&quot;\u0642&quot;:&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u06a9&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u0643&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u06af&quot;:&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0644&quot;:&quot;l&quot;,&quot;\u0645&quot;:&quot;m&quot;,&quot;\u0646&quot;:&quot;n&quot;,&quot;\u0647&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u0629&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u0622&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;\u0621&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u0623&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0624&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u0626&quot;:&quot;\u02bc&quot;,&quot;\u200c&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;vowels&quot;:{&quot;alef&quot;:&quot;\u0101&quot;,&quot;alefInitial&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;vav&quot;:[&quot;v&quot;,&quot;\u016b&quot;],&quot;yeh&quot;:[&quot;y&quot;,&quot;\u012b&quot;]},&quot;chars&quot;:&quot;\u06cc \u064a \u0648 \u0627&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Letter by letter. Short vowels are not written in Persian, so a full romanisation needs them supplied from a dictionary. \u0648 and \u06cc are read as consonants at the start of a word or beside a vowel letter, otherwise as long vowels.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-latn-cyrl&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Latin to Cyrillic, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;kmr&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Cyrl&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;ltr&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;a&quot;:&quot;\u0430&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;\u0431&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;\u0449&quot;,&quot;\u00e7&quot;:&quot;\u0447&quot;,&quot;d&quot;:&quot;\u0434&quot;,&quot;e&quot;:&quot;\u04d9&quot;,&quot;\u00ea&quot;:&quot;\u0435&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:&quot;\u0444&quot;,&quot;g&quot;:&quot;\u0433&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;\u04bb&quot;,&quot;i&quot;:&quot;\u044c&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;:&quot;\u0438&quot;,&quot;j&quot;:&quot;\u0436&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;\u043a&quot;,&quot;l&quot;:&quot;\u043b&quot;,&quot;m&quot;:&quot;\u043c&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;\u043d&quot;,&quot;o&quot;:&quot;\u043e&quot;,&quot;p&quot;:&quot;\u043f&quot;,&quot;q&quot;:&quot;\u051b&quot;,&quot;r&quot;:&quot;\u0440&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;\u0441&quot;,&quot;\u015f&quot;:&quot;\u0448&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;\u0442&quot;,&quot;u&quot;:&quot;\u04e7&quot;,&quot;\u00fb&quot;:&quot;\u0443&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;\u0432&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;\u051d&quot;,&quot;x&quot;:&quot;\u0445&quot;,&quot;y&quot;:&quot;\u0439&quot;,&quot;z&quot;:&quot;\u0437&quot;,&quot;\u1e27&quot;:&quot;\u04bb\u2019&quot;,&quot;\u1e8d&quot;:&quot;\u0433\u2019&quot;},&quot;note&quot;:&quot;Letter by letter, from the Hawar Latin letters to Kurdish Cyrillic.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;Ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-latn-arab&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Latin to the Arabic-based alphabet, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;kmr&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Arab&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;ltr&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;a&quot;:&quot;\u0627&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;\u0628&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;\u062c&quot;,&quot;\u00e7&quot;:&quot;\u0686&quot;,&quot;d&quot;:&quot;\u062f&quot;,&quot;e&quot;:&quot;\u06d5&quot;,&quot;\u00ea&quot;:&quot;\u06ce&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:&quot;\u0641&quot;,&quot;g&quot;:&quot;\u06af&quot;,&quot;h&quot;:&quot;\u0647&quot;,&quot;\u1e27&quot;:&quot;\u062d&quot;,&quot;i&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;:&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;j&quot;:&quot;\u0698&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;\u06a9&quot;,&quot;l&quot;:&quot;\u0644&quot;,&quot;\u0142&quot;:&quot;\u06b5&quot;,&quot;m&quot;:&quot;\u0645&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;\u0646&quot;,&quot;o&quot;:&quot;\u06c6&quot;,&quot;p&quot;:&quot;\u067e&quot;,&quot;q&quot;:&quot;\u0642&quot;,&quot;r&quot;:&quot;\u0631&quot;,&quot;r\u0304&quot;:&quot;\u0695&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;\u0633&quot;,&quot;\u015f&quot;:&quot;\u0634&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;\u062a&quot;,&quot;u&quot;:&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;\u00fb&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0648&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;\u06a4&quot;,&quot;w&quot;:&quot;\u0648&quot;,&quot;x&quot;:&quot;\u062e&quot;,&quot;\u1e8d&quot;:&quot;\u063a&quot;,&quot;y&quot;:&quot;\u06cc&quot;,&quot;z&quot;:&quot;\u0632&quot;,&quot;\u2018&quot;:&quot;\u0639&quot;},&quot;seat&quot;:&quot;\u0626&quot;,&quot;vowelsLatin&quot;:&quot;ae\u00eai\u00eeou\u00fb&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;A word that starts with a vowel, and a vowel after a vowel, take the seat \u0626. Short i is not written.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;Ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee&quot;},&quot;ku-alalc-arab-latn&quot;:{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)&quot;,&quot;from&quot;:&quot;ckb&quot;,&quot;to&quot;:&quot;Latn&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;alalc-kurdish&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;rtl&quot;,&quot;map&quot;:{&quot;\u0627&quot;:&quot;a&quot;,&quot;\u0628&quot;:&quot;b&quot;,&quot;\u067e&quot;:&quot;p&quot;,&quot;\u062a&quot;:&quot;t&quot;,&quot;\u062c&quot;:&quot;c&quot;,&quot;\u0686&quot;:&quot;\u00e7&quot;,&quot;\u062d&quot;:&quot;\u1e27&quot;,&quot;\u062e&quot;:&quot;x&quot;,&quot;\u062f&quot;:&quot;d&quot;,&quot;\u0631&quot;:&quot;r&quot;,&quot;\u0695&quot;:&quot;r\u0304&quot;,&quot;\u0632&quot;:&quot;z&quot;,&quot;\u0698&quot;:&quot;j&quot;,&quot;\u0633&quot;:&quot;s&quot;,&quot;\u0634&quot;:&quot;\u015f&quot;,&quot;\u0639&quot;:&quot;\u2018&quot;,&quot;\u063a&quot;:&quot;\u1e8d&quot;,&quot;\u0641&quot;:&quot;f&quot;,&quot;\u06a4&quot;:&quot;v&quot;,&quot;\u0642&quot;:&quot;q&quot;,&quot;\u06a9&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u0643&quot;:&quot;k&quot;,&quot;\u06af&quot;:&quot;g&quot;,&quot;\u0644&quot;:&quot;l&quot;,&quot;\u06b5&quot;:&quot;\u0142&quot;,&quot;\u0645&quot;:&quot;m&quot;,&quot;\u0646&quot;:&quot;n&quot;,&quot;\u0647&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u06be&quot;:&quot;h&quot;,&quot;\u06d5&quot;:&quot;e&quot;,&quot;\u06c6&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;\u06ce&quot;:&quot;\u00ea&quot;,&quot;\u0626&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;digraphs&quot;:{&quot;\u0648\u0648&quot;:&quot;\u00fb&quot;},&quot;vowels&quot;:{&quot;vav&quot;:[&quot;w&quot;,&quot;u&quot;],&quot;yeh&quot;:[&quot;y&quot;,&quot;\u00ee&quot;]},&quot;chars&quot;:&quot;\u0648 \u06cc \u064a&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;\u0648 and \u06cc are read as consonants beside a vowel and as vowels between consonants. Short i is not written, so it does not appear.&quot;,&quot;sample&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc&quot;}}\">\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__form\" hidden>\n<label class=\"pf-lx-field\"><span>Est\u00e1ndar<\/span><select class=\"pf-lx-tr__std\"><option value=\"fa-alalc\">Del persa al latino, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-latn-cyrl\">Latino kurdo a cir\u00edlico, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-latn-arab\">Latino kurdo a alfabeto de base \u00e1rabe, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><option value=\"ku-alalc-arab-latn\">Alfabeto kurdo de base \u00e1rabe a latino, ALA-LC (2012)<\/option><\/select><\/label>\n<label class=\"pf-lx-field pf-lx-field--wide\"><span>Texto<\/span><textarea class=\"pf-lx-tr__in\" rows=\"2\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" spellcheck=\"false\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/textarea><\/label>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-tr__std-name\">Del persa al latino, ALA-LC (2012)<\/p>\n<div class=\"pf-lx-tr__pair\"><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__src\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/p><p class=\"pf-lx-tr__out\" aria-live=\"polite\" translate=\"no\" dir=\"ltr\">zb\u0101n f\u0101rs\u012b<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note pf-lx-tr__note\">Letra por letra. En persa no se escriben las vocales breves, as\u00ed que una romanizaci\u00f3n completa necesita que se las aporte un diccionario. \u0648 y \u06cc se leen como consonantes al inicio de una palabra o junto a una letra vocal, y en los dem\u00e1s casos como vocales largas.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pf-lx-note\">Nada de lo que escribe sale de su navegador. Es una ayuda did\u00e1ctica: compruebe cualquier texto con el est\u00e1ndar antes de usarlo.<\/p>\n<details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Del persa al latino, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Letra<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pasa a ser<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">ch<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e25<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">kh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0630<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">zh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">sh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0635<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e63<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0636<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z\u0324<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0637<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e6d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0638<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e93<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">gh<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0643<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0629<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0622<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0101<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0621<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0623<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0624<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u02bc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fuentes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/persian.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Persian, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Latino kurdo a cir\u00edlico, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Letra<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pasa a ser<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0430<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0431<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0449<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00e7<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0447<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0434<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04d9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ea<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0435<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0444<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">g<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0433<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">h<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04bb<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">i<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u044c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ee<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0438<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">j<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0436<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">k<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">l<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">m<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">n<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">o<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">p<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u043f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">q<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u051b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0440<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">s<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0441<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u015f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0448<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">t<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0442<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">u<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04e7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00fb<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0443<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">v<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0432<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">w<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u051d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">x<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0445<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">y<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0439<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">z<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0437<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e27<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u04bb\u2019<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0433\u2019<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fuentes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Latino kurdo a alfabeto de base \u00e1rabe, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Letra<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pasa a ser<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0627<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">b<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0628<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00e7<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0686<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06d5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ea<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06ce<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0641<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">g<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06af<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">h<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0647<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e27<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">i<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00ee<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">j<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0698<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">k<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06a9<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">l<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0644<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0142<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06b5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">m<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0645<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">n<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0646<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">o<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06c6<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">p<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u067e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">q<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0642<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0631<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">r\u0304<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0695<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">s<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0633<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u015f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0634<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">t<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">u<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u00fb<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">v<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06a4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">w<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0648<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">x<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u062e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u063a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">y<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">z<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0632<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u2018<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0639<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fuentes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p><\/details><details class=\"pf-lx-chart__table\"><summary>Alfabeto kurdo de base \u00e1rabe a latino, ALA-LC (2012)<\/summary><div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Letra<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pasa a ser<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0627<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0628<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">b<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u067e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">p<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">t<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062c<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">c<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0686<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00e7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062d<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e27<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062e<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">x<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u062f<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0631<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0695<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">r\u0304<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0632<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">z<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0698<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">j<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0633<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">s<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0634<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u015f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0639<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u2018<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u063a<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u1e8d<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0641<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a4<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">v<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0642<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">q<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06a9<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0643<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">k<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06af<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">g<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0644<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">l<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06b5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u0142<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0645<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0646<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">n<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0647<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06be<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">h<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06d5<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">e<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06c6<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">o<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u06ce<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">\u00ea<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><span lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\" class=\"pf-lx-glyph\">\u0626<\/span><\/th><td><span translate=\"no\">not written<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fuentes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/romanization\/kurdish.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Kurdish, 2012 version.<\/a> (2012)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p><\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Tablas de pronunciaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Las letras de cada lengua con sus sonidos, en su p\u00e1gina de Ling\u00fc\u00edstica.<\/p>\n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3 pf-cards--lx-lang\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"kmr-Latn\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/kmr-latn\/linguistics\/\">Kurmanji (kurdo septentrional)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/ckb\/linguistics\/\">Sorani (kurdo central)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"zza\" dir=\"ltr\">Zazak\u00ee<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/zza\/linguistics\/\">Zazaki (kirmanck\u00ee, dimilk\u00ee)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"sdh\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0646<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/sdh\/linguistics\/\">Kurdo meridional (kelhur\u00ee, feyl\u00ee)<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"hac\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u06d5\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/hac\/linguistics\/\">Gorani \/ hawrami<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"lki\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u06d5\u06a9\u06cc<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/lki\/linguistics\/\">Laki<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  \n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><span class=\"pf-lx-card__native\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/languages\/ru\/linguistics\/\">Ruso<\/a><\/h3>\n  \n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>C\u00f3mo funcionan las herramientas<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>Cada herramienta forma parte de este sitio. No se carga ning\u00fan servicio, fuente tipogr\u00e1fica ni script externo.<\/li><li>Sin JavaScript, cada herramienta muestra su tabla completa.<\/li><li>Las letras proceden de Unicode CLDR, los nombres y puntos de c\u00f3digo de la Unicode Character Database, y la transliteraci\u00f3n de las tablas ALA-LC.<\/li><li>Un recurso did\u00e1ctico: compruebe cualquier texto con el est\u00e1ndar antes de publicarlo.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-lx-src\"><span class=\"pf-lx-src__h\">Fuentes<\/span> <cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cldr.unicode.org\" rel=\"noopener\">Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicode.org\/versions\/Unicode18.0.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database.<\/a> (2026)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><span class=\"pf-lx-src__sep\">; <\/span><cite class=\"pf-lx-cite\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/catdir\/cpso\/roman.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables.<\/a> (2025)<\/cite> <span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Verificado<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citar esta p\u00e1gina<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Language tools<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cLanguage Tools.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_language_tools,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Language tools},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_tools.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_tools.bib\" download=\"kco2026_language_tools.bib\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_language_too\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Language tools\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copiar<\/span><span hidden>Copiado<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_language_tools.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_language_tools.ris\" download=\"kco2026_language_tools.ris\">Descargar <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licencia <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Investigaci\u00f3n y fuentes<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Trabajos recientes y pertinentes sobre el tema de esta p\u00e1gina, de fuentes acad\u00e9micas abiertas aprobadas. Solo metadatos y enlaces. Los t\u00edtulos se mantienen tal como se publicaron. A\u00fan sin revisar.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7828189\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish and Persian: Dialects or Separate Languages?<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Mohammed Khalid Mahmood,, Ali Qadir Hama Rash,, Mohammed Amin Qadir Hama Rash, et al. \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30845\/ijll.v10n3p1\" rel=\"noopener\">Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 International Journal of Language &amp; Linguistics<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/jokl.2024.63267\" rel=\"noopener\">A Comparative Study of the Function of Modal Verbs in Persian and Kurdish Languages (case study: two contemporary Persian and Kurdish novels)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zaniar Naghshbandi, Fardin Hosseinpanahi \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.06747\" rel=\"noopener\">The First Parallel Corpora for Kurdish Sign Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zina Kamal, Hossein Hassani \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33182\/ks.v10i1.561\" rel=\"noopener\">Struggling against language shift: Kurdish language education in Turkey<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Anu Leinonen \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Kurdish Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17265461\" rel=\"noopener\">Proto-Kurdish: Historical Development and Linguistic Distinctiveness within the Northwestern Iranian Languages<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Marwan Hamay \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2026.113129\" rel=\"noopener\">Dasinya: A dataset and preprocessing pipeline for the Badini Kurdish dialect.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Saeed VA, Jacksi K \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Data Brief<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.11.1.5\" rel=\"noopener\">The Theories of standardization of language and Kurdish language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Omar Ahmed Azeez \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.01983\" rel=\"noopener\">Language and Speech Technology for Central Kurdish Varieties<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi, Daban Q. Jaff, Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam et al. \u00b7 2024 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14500\/aro.10167\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurdish Dialects and Neighbor Languages Automatic Recognition<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Abdulbasit K. Al-Talabani, Zrar K. Abdul, Azad A. Ameen \u00b7 2017 \u00b7 ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Art\u00edculo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9409057\/v1\" rel=\"noopener\">Optimizing Fake News Detection in Low-Resource Languages: A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models Using Sentence-Level FastText Vectors in Kurdish and English<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Karim\u00b9 AM, A.Hassn B \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Research Square<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2010.06041\" rel=\"noopener\">Towards Machine Translation for the Kurdish Language<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Sina Ahmadi, Mariam Masoud \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 arXiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Preprint<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">arXiv<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Acceso abierto<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Fuentes, licencias y fechas de consulta: <span translate=\"no\">arXiv (<a href=\"https:\/\/info.arxiv.org\/help\/api\/tou.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Constr\u00fayalo con nosotros\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Constr\u00fayalo con nosotros<\/h2><p>H\u00e1gase miembro o cu\u00e9ntenos qu\u00e9 necesita su ciudad. Usted elige qu\u00e9 comparte.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Afiliarse<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Su perfil<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Contacto<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Red\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/es\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" 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class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>\u00c1frica<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Egipto<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asia-Pac\u00edfico<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Australia<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jap\u00f3n<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Nueva Zelanda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>C\u00e1ucaso<\/dt><dd><a 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data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kirguist\u00e1n<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turkmenist\u00e1n<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europa<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Alemania<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Austria<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">B\u00e9lgica<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" 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href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta red: qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/corrections\/\">Correcciones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/es\/verification\/\">Verificaci\u00f3n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Lenguas<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ckb\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc 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dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/hi\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/id\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/it\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ja\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ko\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/pt\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/ru\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/tools\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Versi\u00f3n de la carta<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">La Organizaci\u00f3n de Cooperaci\u00f3n Kurda es una red independiente de educaci\u00f3n y desarrollo entre pares, formada por comunidades kurdas. No es una universidad y no reivindica ninguna autoridad p\u00fablica. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sobre esta red: qu\u00e9 somos y qu\u00e9 no somos<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOLengua Red \u00c1reas 01Academia Todos los campos del saber, cursos en todas las variedades del kurdo y comunidades de pr\u00e1ctica. 02Patrimonio La historia desde los Zagros hasta hoy, la &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/es\/tools\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Language tools&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":40,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-94","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/94\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/40"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}