{"id":2770,"date":"2026-11-01T14:50:51","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T14:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/indicators\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T14:50:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T14:50:51","slug":"indicators","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/indicators\/","title":{"rendered":"Indicators and Methods"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/learn\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Plus\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/\" data-area=\"learn\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Acad\u00e9mie<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"R\u00e9seau\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"R\u00e9seau\"><span>R\u00e9seau<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Domaines<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Acad\u00e9mie<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Tous les domaines du savoir, des cours dans toutes les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s du kurde, et des communaut\u00e9s de pratique.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>Patrimoine<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">L&#8217;histoire, du Zagros \u00e0 aujourd&#8217;hui, la m\u00e9moire, les religions, les arts, la litt\u00e9rature et la cuisine.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Langues<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmandji, sorani, zazaki, kurde du Sud et gorani, dans toutes les \u00e9critures.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>Recherche<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u00c9tudes kurdes : l&#8217;observatoire, des listes de lecture et de nouvelles recherches.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Opportunit\u00e9s<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Moyens de subsistance, comp\u00e9tences, emplois, mentorat et passerelles entre la diaspora et la r\u00e9gion.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Vie civique<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u00c9ducation civique, connaissance des droits, aide aux personnes apatrides et dialogue.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>D\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Programmes sociaux, moyens de subsistance et pr\u00e9paration aux catastrophes pour les communaut\u00e9s kurdes.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/fr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">L&#8217;actualit\u00e9 kurde et r\u00e9gionale, chaque m\u00e9dia \u00e9tant \u00e9tiquet\u00e9, et le calendrier des journ\u00e9es kurdes.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/\">Accueil<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/country-programmes\/\">Programmes nationaux<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/areas\/\">Domaines d&#8217;action<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/calendar\/\">Calendrier<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/the-community\/\">Les communaut\u00e9s kurdes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Programmes nationaux\"><span>Programmes nationaux<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Programmes nationaux<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/country-programmes\/\">Les 35 programmes nationaux<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Ce site\"><span>Ce site<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/\">Acad\u00e9mie<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Communaut\u00e9s de pratique<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"\u00c0 propos\"><span>\u00c0 propos<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u00c0 propos<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\u00c0 propos<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/federation\/\">F\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Comment fonctionne la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/the-community\/\">Les communaut\u00e9s kurdes<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c0 propos de ce r\u00e9seau : ce que nous sommes et ce que nous ne sommes pas<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Charte<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Participer<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/membership\/\">Adh\u00e9sion<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Adh\u00e9sion et participation<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/join\/\">Adh\u00e9rer<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/get-involved\/\">S&#8217;engager<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Fa\u00e7ons de participer<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Mentions l\u00e9gales et s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/protected-participation\/\">Participation prot\u00e9g\u00e9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/fr\/corrections\/\">Corrections<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"Recherche  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Recherche<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">Recherche<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"Rechercher sur ce site\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">Recherche<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"Compte\" data-tip=\"Compte\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">Compte<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Ffr%2Fstart%2F\">Se connecter<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=fr\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">Adh\u00e9rer<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Votre profil<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/start\/\">Tableau de bord<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">Param\u00e8tres<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Vos sessions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Se d\u00e9connecter<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Langues\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Langues<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">FR<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ckb\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fa\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/tr\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/az\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/it\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ja\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ru\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/hi\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ko\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/zh\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"Syst\u00e8me\" data-tip=\"Syst\u00e8me\" data-l-light=\"Clair\" data-l-dark=\"Sombre\" data-l-system=\"Syst\u00e8me\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__dark\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3a6 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 1 1-9-9Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__system\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <line x1=\"8\" x2=\"16\" y1=\"21\" y2=\"21\" \/> <line x1=\"12\" x2=\"12\" y1=\"17\" y2=\"21\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-nv__toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"pf-nv__bars\" d=\"M4 7h16M4 12h16M4 17h16\"\/><path class=\"pf-nv__x\" d=\"M6 6l12 12M18 6L6 18\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-nv__toggle-l\">Menu<\/span><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"pf-rail\" aria-label=\"Domaines\"><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Accueil\" data-tip=\"Accueil\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/\" aria-current=\"page\" aria-label=\"Acad\u00e9mie\" data-tip=\"Acad\u00e9mie\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-shape\" viewBox=\"-8.5 -8.5 17 17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"0.5,-7.5 0.5,-6.5 1.5,-6.5 1.5,-5.5 2.5,-5.5 2.5,-4.5 3.5,-4.5 3.5,-3.5 4.5,-3.5 4.5,-2.5 5.5,-2.5 5.5,-1.5 6.5,-1.5 6.5,-0.5 7.5,-0.5 7.5,0.5 6.5,0.5 6.5,1.5 5.5,1.5 5.5,2.5 4.5,2.5 4.5,3.5 3.5,3.5 3.5,4.5 2.5,4.5 2.5,5.5 1.5,5.5 1.5,6.5 0.5,6.5 0.5,7.5 -0.5,7.5 -0.5,6.5 -1.5,6.5 -1.5,5.5 -2.5,5.5 -2.5,4.5 -3.5,4.5 -3.5,3.5 -4.5,3.5 -4.5,2.5 -5.5,2.5 -5.5,1.5 -6.5,1.5 -6.5,0.5 -7.5,0.5 -7.5,-0.5 -6.5,-0.5 -6.5,-1.5 -5.5,-1.5 -5.5,-2.5 -4.5,-2.5 -4.5,-3.5 -3.5,-3.5 -3.5,-4.5 -2.5,-4.5 -2.5,-5.5 -1.5,-5.5 -1.5,-6.5 -0.5,-6.5 -0.5,-7.5\" vector-effect=\"non-scaling-stroke\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Patrimoine\" data-tip=\"Patrimoine\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"3\" x2=\"21\" y1=\"22\" y2=\"22\" \/> <line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"14\" x2=\"14\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Langues\" data-tip=\"Langues\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m5 8 6 6\" \/> <path d=\"m4 14 6-6 2-3\" \/> <path d=\"M2 5h12\" \/> <path d=\"M7 2h1\" \/> <path d=\"m22 22-5-10-5 10\" \/> <path d=\"M14 18h6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Recherche\" data-tip=\"Recherche\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 16v5\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14v7\" \/> <path d=\"M20 10v11\" \/> <path d=\"m22 3-8.646 8.646a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0L9.354 8.354a.5.5 0 0 0-.707 0L2 15\" \/> <path d=\"M4 18v3\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14v7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Opportunit\u00e9s\" data-tip=\"Opportunit\u00e9s\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 12h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 6V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M22 13a18.15 18.15 0 0 1-20 0\" \/> <rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"6\" rx=\"2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Vie civique\" data-tip=\"Vie civique\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m16 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"m2 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"M7 21h10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 3v18\" \/> <path d=\"M3 7h2c2 0 5-1 7-2 2 1 5 2 7 2h2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"D\u00e9veloppement\" data-tip=\"D\u00e9veloppement\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m11 17 2 2a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"m14 14 2.5 2.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3l-3.88-3.88a3 3 0 0 0-4.24 0l-.88.88a1 1 0 1 1-3-3l2.81-2.81a5.79 5.79 0 0 1 7.06-.87l.47.28a2 2 0 0 0 1.42.25L21 4\" \/> <path d=\"m21 3 1 11h-2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 3 2 14l6.5 6.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"M3 4h8\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/fr\/\" aria-label=\"Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements\" data-tip=\"Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 22h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Zm0 0a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-9c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h2\" \/> <path d=\"M18 14h-8\" \/> <path d=\"M15 18h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M10 6h8v4h-8V6Z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g pf-rail__g--end\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/calendar\/\" aria-label=\"Calendrier\" data-tip=\"Calendrier\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/country-programmes\/\" aria-label=\"Programmes nationaux\" data-tip=\"Programmes nationaux\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Charte\" data-tip=\"Charte\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 12h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M15 8h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M19 17V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4\" \/> <path d=\"M8 21h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H11a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1a2 2 0 1 1-4 0V5a2 2 0 1 0-4 0v2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/protected-participation\/\" aria-label=\"Participation prot\u00e9g\u00e9e\" data-tip=\"Participation prot\u00e9g\u00e9e\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\" \/> <path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-tabbar\" aria-label=\"Domaines\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><span>Accueil<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><span>Acad\u00e9mie<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/country-programmes\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><span>Programmes nationaux<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/calendar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><span>Calendrier<\/span><\/a><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>Menu<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>Cette page est une traduction. Elle est en cours de relecture par des locuteurs natifs\u00a0; la page en anglais fait foi.<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"Fil d'Ariane\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/\">Acad\u00e9mie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/\">Communaut\u00e9s de pratique<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">Indicateurs et m\u00e9thodes<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<p class=\"pf-acad-strip\"><span class=\"pf-term\" data-pf-term=\"academy\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-term__btn\" aria-describedby=\"pf-term-academy\"><abbr title=\"L'espace d'apprentissage entre pairs du r\u00e9seau, ouvert aux contributeurs de tout horizon ; il n'est pas une universit\u00e9 et ne d\u00e9livre aucun dipl\u00f4me.\">Acad\u00e9mie<\/abbr><\/button><span class=\"pf-term__tip\" role=\"tooltip\" id=\"pf-term-academy\">L&#8217;espace d&#8217;apprentissage entre pairs du r\u00e9seau, ouvert aux contributeurs de tout horizon ; il n&#8217;est pas une universit\u00e9 et ne d\u00e9livre aucun dipl\u00f4me.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-acad-strip__text\">L&#8217;espace d&#8217;apprentissage entre pairs de l&#8217;Organisation de coop\u00e9ration kurde, ouvert aux contributeurs de tous horizons.<\/span><\/p>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Communaut\u00e9s de pratique<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Indicateurs et m\u00e9thodes<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Les chiffres sur les Kurdes sont souvent manquants, m\u00e9lang\u00e9s ou contest\u00e9s. Cette communaut\u00e9 fixerait la mani\u00e8re dont les pages du r\u00e9seau \u00e9noncent un chiffre, sa mesure, son ann\u00e9e, sa source et son \u00e9tiquette.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/join\/\">Manifester son int\u00e9r\u00eat<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/\">Communaut\u00e9s de pratique<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header><div class=\"pf-strip\"><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Statut<\/dt><dd>Propos\u00e9<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Ce qu&#8217;il propose<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Cours<\/dt><dd>1<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>Programmes nationaux<\/dt><dd>35<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n<aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--pending\" role=\"note\"><p>Une proposition. Elle n&#8217;est cr\u00e9\u00e9e que par d\u00e9cision de l&#8217;organe directeur d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par la charte.<\/p><\/aside>\n<details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"programme\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Avant de commencer<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">L&#8217;Organisation de coop\u00e9ration kurde est une f\u00e9d\u00e9ration de communaut\u00e9s qui apprennent les unes des autres. Elle n&#8217;est pas une universit\u00e9, ne revendique aucune autorit\u00e9 publique et ne sert aucun gouvernement, parti ou organisme confessionnel.<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Les cours sont r\u00e9dig\u00e9s et relus par des pairs. Les plans restent des brouillons jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 la relecture par des experts.<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Comment cette page traite les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve<\/h3><p>Chaque chiffre indique sa mesure, son ann\u00e9e, sa source et son \u00e9tiquette. Ce qui est inconnu est indiqu\u00e9 comme inconnu.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">V\u00e9rifi\u00e9<\/span><\/dt><dd>Une \u00e9tiquette : l&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ment correspond \u00e0 son enregistrement primaire, comme le tableau officiel ou la notice Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">Source secondaire<\/span><\/dt><dd>Une \u00e9tiquette : le chiffre provient d&#8217;un rapport fiable sur la source, et non de la source elle-m\u00eame.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\u00c0 v\u00e9rifier<\/span><\/dt><dd>Une \u00e9tiquette : l&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ment est list\u00e9 tel qu&#8217;il a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 et doit encore \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de sa source.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">Sources<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Notices scientifiques ouvertes sur ce sujet, issues d&#8217;index approuv\u00e9s. List\u00e9es \u00e0 titre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, pas encore relues.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">IBRAHEM AHMED HUSSEIN, MUSTAFA ISMAIL UMER (2023). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10394576\" rel=\"noopener\">IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION INDICATORS IN KHABUR RIVER, WITHIN ZAKHO DISTRICT, KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ<\/a>. Zenodo. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10394576\">10.5281\/zenodo.10394576<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Alnagran H, Hassan IM, Othman SQ et al. (2026). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10256016.2026.2736751\" rel=\"noopener\">Soil radon and associated radiological risk indicators: a spatial and multivariate investigation in the Shaqlawa District, Iraqi Kurdistan.<\/a>. Isotopes Environ Health Stud. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10256016.2026.2736751\">10.1080\/10256016.2026.2736751<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Shmuel Abramzon, Nicholas Burger, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar et al. (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/rr293\" rel=\"noopener\">Capacity Building at the Kurdistan Region Statistics Office Through Data Collection<\/a>. RAND Corporation. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/rr293\">10.7249\/rr293<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Lisa R. Pawloski, Kevin M. Curtin, Taban Rasheed et al. (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.33488.40961\" rel=\"noopener\">Understanding obesity among women in Erbil, the autonomous region of Kurdistan, Iraq using nutritional indicators and geographic data<\/a>. Unpublished. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.33488.40961\">10.13140\/rg.2.2.33488.40961<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Alexandria Smith, Francisco Perez-Arce, Krishna Kumar et al. (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/rr293.3\" rel=\"noopener\">Capacity Building at the Kurdistan Region Statistics Office Through Data Collection: Kurdish translation<\/a>. RAND Corporation. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/rr293.3\">10.7249\/rr293.3<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">Citer cette page<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/fr\/corrections\/\">Signaler une erreur<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Ce que nous sommes et ce que nous ne sommes pas<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Sur cette page\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Sur cette page<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Ce qu&#8217;il propose<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>\u00c0 qui il s&#8217;adresse<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>Fonctionnement<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>Ce qu&#8217;elle respecte toujours<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Disciplines<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Cours<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Communaut\u00e9s de pratique<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s8\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">08<\/span><span>Recherche et sources<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Ce qu&#8217;il propose<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-features\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">01<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">D\u00e9finitions des indicateurs<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Des d\u00e9finitions communes pour chaque indicateur utilis\u00e9 par la plateforme.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">02<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">R\u00e8gles d&#8217;\u00e9tiquetage<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Comment un chiffre est \u00e9tiquet\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9, secondaire ou \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">03<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Notes de m\u00e9thode<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Des notes sur la fa\u00e7on dont chaque source mesure ce qu&#8217;elle rapporte.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-feature\"><span class=\"pf-feature__n\">04<\/span><h3 class=\"pf-feature__title\">Registre des lacunes<\/h3><p class=\"pf-feature__text\">Une liste de ce qui est inconnu, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme inconnu.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>\u00c0 qui il s&#8217;adresse<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-list\"><li>Statisticiens<\/li><li>D\u00e9mographes<\/li><li>Chercheurs<\/li><li>B\u00e9n\u00e9voles des donn\u00e9es<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>Fonctionnement<\/h2>\n  \n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Proposition<\/dt><dd>la communaut\u00e9 attend la d\u00e9cision de l&#8217;organe directeur.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Adh\u00e9rer<\/dt><dd>les membres participeraient par domaine et d\u00e9clareraient leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Brouillon<\/dt><dd>les membres r\u00e9digeraient des d\u00e9finitions et des notes de m\u00e9thode.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Relecture<\/dt><dd>chaque production serait \u00e9valu\u00e9e par les pairs avant utilisation.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>Ce qu&#8217;elle respecte toujours<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-outcomes\"><li>Ind\u00e9pendant de tout parti, de tout \u00c9tat et de tout financeur<\/li><li>Les conflits d&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eats sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9s<\/li><li>Chaque production est relue et sourc\u00e9e<\/li><li>Des chiffres de mesures diff\u00e9rentes ne sont jamais additionn\u00e9s<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Disciplines<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">D\u00e9partement de math\u00e9matiques et de statistique<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/disciplines\/statistics\/\">Statistique<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Concevoir des enqu\u00eates et tirer des conclusions honn\u00eates des donn\u00e9es, y compris sur des populations qu&#8217;aucun recensement ne compte.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> cours<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">5<\/span> domaines<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">D\u00e9partement de sociologie, d&#8217;anthropologie et de d\u00e9mographie<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/disciplines\/demography\/\">D\u00e9mographie<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Naissances, d\u00e9c\u00e8s et migrations. Peu de recensements posent des questions sur l&#8217;ethnicit\u00e9 ou la langue, si bien que les estimations du nombre de Kurdes varient fortement.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> cours<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">4<\/span> domaines<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">D\u00e9partement d&#8217;informatique et des sciences de l&#8217;information<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/disciplines\/data-science\/\">Science des donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Transformer les donn\u00e9es en preuves avec la statistique et le code, tout en prot\u00e9geant les personnes qu&#8217;elles concernent.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> cours<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">4<\/span> domaines<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">D\u00e9partement d&#8217;\u00e9tudes de la diaspora et des migrations<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/disciplines\/research-methods\/\">M\u00e9thodes et \u00e9thique de la recherche sociale<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Recueillir des donn\u00e9es sur des personnes de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable et s\u00fbre, lorsque ces personnes peuvent \u00eatre en danger.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">1<\/span> cours<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">5<\/span> domaines<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--ok\">Ouvert<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">D\u00e9partement de sant\u00e9 publique et mondiale<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/disciplines\/epidemiology\/\">\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Comment et pourquoi les maladies se propagent, mesur\u00e9 par la surveillance et les statistiques.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\"><span class=\"pf-acad-counts\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">0<\/span> cours<\/span><span class=\"pf-acad-count\"><span class=\"pf-acad-count__n\">4<\/span> domaines<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Cours<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"research-skills\" data-faculty=\"social-behavioural-sciences\" data-level=\"P\" data-wave=\"3\" data-status=\"planned\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">M\u00e9thodes et \u00e9thique de la recherche sociale \u00b7 Praticien<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/catalogue\/community-data-and-privacy\/\">Donn\u00e9es communautaires et vie priv\u00e9e<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Plan en pr\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">Vague 3 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Pr\u00e9vu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"pf-acad-honest\">Un relev\u00e9 d&#8217;ach\u00e8vement indique ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 et \u00e9valu\u00e9. Ce n&#8217;est ni un certificat ni un dipl\u00f4me.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Communaut\u00e9s de pratique<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/peer-review\/\">\u00c9valuation par les pairs<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Une communaut\u00e9 de pratique propos\u00e9e, qui relit les contenus et les productions du r\u00e9seau avant leur utilisation.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/education-standards\/\">Normes d&#8217;\u00e9ducation et de langue<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Une communaut\u00e9 de pratique propos\u00e9e sur la qualit\u00e9 des cours et les normes pour les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s et les \u00e9critures kurdes.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/health-protection\/\">Sant\u00e9, protection et coordination humanitaire<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Une communaut\u00e9 de pratique propos\u00e9e sur la protection, les normes d&#8217;orientation et les lignes directrices humanitaires.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/livelihoods\/\">Moyens de subsistance et facilitation des \u00e9changes<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Une communaut\u00e9 de pratique propos\u00e9e sur les moyens de subsistance, la petite entreprise et l&#8217;information commerciale.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/culture-archives\/\">Culture, patrimoine et archives<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Une communaut\u00e9 de pratique propos\u00e9e sur les archives patrimoniales, l&#8217;histoire orale et les fonds d&#8217;archives.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/drr-climate\/\">R\u00e9duction des risques de catastrophe et adaptation au climat<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Une communaut\u00e9 de pratique propos\u00e9e sur les risques de catastrophe et l&#8217;adaptation au climat dans tout le Kurdistan.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\"><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Propos\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/project-readiness\/\">Pr\u00e9paration des projets, garanties et achats<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Une communaut\u00e9 de pratique propos\u00e9e sur la pr\u00e9paration, les garanties et les achats des projets.<\/p>\n  \n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>Citer cette page<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Indicators and Methods<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/indicators\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/communities\/indicators\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copier<\/span><span hidden>Copi\u00e9<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cIndicators and Methods.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/indicators\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/communities\/indicators\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copier<\/span><span hidden>Copi\u00e9<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_learn_communities_indicators,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Indicators and {Methods}},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/communities\/indicators\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/communities\/indicators\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copier<\/span><span hidden>Copi\u00e9<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_learn_communities_indicators.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_learn_communities_indicators.bib\" download=\"kco2026_learn_communities_indicators.bib\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_learn_commun\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Indicators and Methods\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/communities\/indicators\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Copier<\/span><span hidden>Copi\u00e9<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_learn_communities_indicators.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_learn_communities_indicators.ris\" download=\"kco2026_learn_communities_indicators.ris\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">Licence <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s8\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">08<\/span>Recherche et sources<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Travaux r\u00e9cents et pertinents sur le sujet de cette page, issus de sources scientifiques ouvertes approuv\u00e9es. M\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es et liens uniquement. Les titres restent tels que publi\u00e9s. Pas encore relu.<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10394576\" rel=\"noopener\">IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION INDICATORS IN KHABUR RIVER, WITHIN ZAKHO DISTRICT, KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">IBRAHEM AHMED HUSSEIN, MUSTAFA ISMAIL UMER \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Zenodo<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Libre acc\u00e8s<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10256016.2026.2736751\" rel=\"noopener\">Soil radon and associated radiological risk indicators: a spatial and multivariate investigation in the Shaqlawa District, Iraqi Kurdistan.<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Alnagran H, Hassan IM, Othman SQ et al. \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 Isotopes Environ Health Stud<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/rr293\" rel=\"noopener\">Capacity Building at the Kurdistan Region Statistics Office Through Data Collection<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Shmuel Abramzon, Nicholas Burger, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar et al. \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 RAND Corporation<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Livre<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.33488.40961\" rel=\"noopener\">Understanding obesity among women in Erbil, the autonomous region of Kurdistan, Iraq using nutritional indicators and geographic data<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Lisa R. Pawloski, Kevin M. Curtin, Taban Rasheed et al. \u00b7 2017 \u00b7 Unpublished<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/rr293.3\" rel=\"noopener\">Capacity Building at the Kurdistan Region Statistics Office Through Data Collection: Kurdish translation<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Alexandria Smith, Francisco Perez-Arce, Krishna Kumar et al. \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 RAND Corporation<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7249\/rr293.2\" rel=\"noopener\">Capacity Building at the Kurdistan Region Statistics Office Through Data Collection: Arabic translation<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Alexandria Smith, Francisco Perez-Arce, Krishna Kumar et al. \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 RAND Corporation<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31026\/j.eng.2023.01.02\" rel=\"noopener\">Factors Affecting Labor Productivity on Construction in Kurdistan of Iraq: Web Survey<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Rawa Hussein Fatah, Jerzy Pas\u0142awski \u00b7 2023 \u00b7 Journal of Engineering<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Article<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Libre acc\u00e8s<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.1.1700.2007\" rel=\"noopener\">Spatial variability of soil erodibility factor using geo-statistics method in Duhok dam watershed, Kurdistan region, Iraq<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Lida Issazadeh \u00b7 2016 \u00b7 Unpublished<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Autre<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">Sources, licences et dates de collecte : <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (<a href=\"https:\/\/about.zenodo.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Construisons-le ensemble\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Construisons-le ensemble<\/h2><p>Devenez membre, ou dites-nous ce dont votre ville a besoin. Vous choisissez ce que vous partagez.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Adh\u00e9rer<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Votre profil<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">Contact<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"R\u00e9seau\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span>KCO<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-netfoot__name\">Organisation de coop\u00e9ration kurde<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">KCO<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/\">Accueil<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/the-community\/\">Les communaut\u00e9s kurdes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/federation\/\">F\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/country-programmes\/\">Programmes nationaux<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/calendar\/\">Calendrier<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/search\/\">Recherche<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Domaines<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/\">Acad\u00e9mie<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/fr\/\">Patrimoine<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/fr\/\">Langues<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/fr\/\">Recherche<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/fr\/\">Opportunit\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/fr\/\">Vie civique<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/fr\/\">D\u00e9veloppement<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/fr\/\">Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/areas\/\">Domaines d&#8217;action<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Programmes nationaux<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>Afrique<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c9gypte<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asie-Pacifique<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Australie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Japon<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Caucase<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Arm\u00e9nie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Azerba\u00efdjan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">G\u00e9orgie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asie centrale<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kazakhstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kirghizstan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turkm\u00e9nistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europe<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Allemagne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Autriche<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/fr\/\">Belgique<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Chypre<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Danemark<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Finlande<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/fr\/\">France<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Gr\u00e8ce<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Italie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Norv\u00e8ge<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Pays-Bas<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Royaume-Uni<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Su\u00e8de<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/fr\/\">Suisse<\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Europe et Asie centrale<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Russie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Moyen-Orient<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c9mirats arabes unis<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Irak<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Iran<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Isra\u00ebl<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Jordanie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Liban<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Syrie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Turquie<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Am\u00e9rique du Nord<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/fr\/\">Canada<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c9tats-Unis<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Participer<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/membership\/\">Adh\u00e9sion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/join\/\">Adh\u00e9rer<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/get-involved\/\">S&#8217;engager<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Ffr%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">Se connecter<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/start\/\">Commencer ici<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Mentions l\u00e9gales et s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/fr\/protected-participation\/\">Participation prot\u00e9g\u00e9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Charte<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c0 propos de ce r\u00e9seau : ce que nous sommes et ce que nous ne sommes pas<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/fr\/corrections\/\">Corrections<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/fr\/verification\/\">V\u00e9rification<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Langues<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ckb\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fa\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/tr\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/az\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/hi\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/it\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ja\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ko\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ru\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/zh\/communities\/indicators\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Version de la charte<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">L&#8217;Organisation de coop\u00e9ration kurde est un r\u00e9seau ind\u00e9pendant d&#8217;\u00e9ducation et de d\u00e9veloppement entre pairs, issu des communaut\u00e9s kurdes. Ce n&#8217;est pas une universit\u00e9, et elle ne revendique aucune autorit\u00e9 publique. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00c0 propos de ce r\u00e9seau : ce que nous sommes et ce que nous ne sommes pas<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOAcad\u00e9mie R\u00e9seau Domaines 01Acad\u00e9mie Tous les domaines du savoir, des cours dans toutes les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s du kurde, et des communaut\u00e9s de pratique. 02Patrimoine L&#8217;histoire, du Zagros \u00e0 aujourd&#8217;hui, la &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/communities\/indicators\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Indicators and Methods&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":439,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-2770","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2770"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2770\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}