{"id":4380,"date":"2026-11-01T20:13:40","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T20:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T20:13:40","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T20:13:40","slug":"asylum-systems-compared","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/","title":{"rendered":"Asylum systems compared"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/learn\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"course\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"Z\u00eadetir\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" 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y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/\" data-area=\"learn\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>Akadem\u00ee<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"Tor\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"Tor\"><span>Tor<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Be\u015f<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>Akadem\u00ee<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Her qada zan\u00een\u00ea, kurs bi hem\u00fb zaravay\u00ean Kurd\u00ee, \u00fb civak\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ea.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>M\u00eeras<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">D\u00eerok ji Zagros\u00ea heta \u00eero, b\u00eer, bawer\u00ee, huner, w\u00eaje \u00fb xwarin.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>Ziman<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurmanc\u00ee, Soran\u00ee, Zazak\u00ee, Kurdiya Ba\u015f\u00fbr \u00fb Goran\u00ee, bi hem\u00fb alfabeyan.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>L\u00eakol\u00een<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Kurdoloj\u00ee: \u00e7avd\u00earxane, l\u00eestey\u00ean xwendin\u00ea \u00fb l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean n\u00fb.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>Derfet<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Debar, j\u00eahat\u00eeb\u00fbn, kar, r\u00eaber\u00ee \u00fb pir\u00ean di navbera diyasporay\u00ea \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ea de.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>Welat\u00eeb\u00fbn<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Perwerdeya welat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea, zan\u00eena mafan, al\u00eekar\u00ee ji bo b\u00eadewletiy\u00ea \u00fb diyalog.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>P\u00ea\u015fketin<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">Bernamey\u00ean civak\u00ee, debar \u00fb amadeb\u00fbna li hember karesatan ji bo civak\u00ean Kurd.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>N\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb b\u00fbyer<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">N\u00fb\u00e7ey\u00ean Kurd\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee ku her dezgeh t\u00ea de et\u00eeketkir\u00ee ye, \u00fb salnameya roj\u00ean Kurd\u00ee.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\">Destp\u00eak<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/areas\/\">Be\u015f\u00ean xebat\u00ea<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/calendar\/\">Salname<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/the-community\/\">Civak\u00ean Kurd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"Bernamey\u00ean welatan\"><span>Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\">Hem\u00fb 35 bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"Ev malper\"><span>Ev malper<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/\">Akadem\u00ee<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/faculties\/\">Fakulte<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/disciplines\/\">D\u00ees\u00eepl\u00een<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/communities\/\">Civak<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Katalog<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/pathways\/\">R\u00ea\u00e7<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/directory\/\">R\u00eaber<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/take-part\/\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"Derbar\u00ea me\"><span>Derbar\u00ea me<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">Derbar\u00ea me<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">Derbar\u00ea me<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/federation\/\">Federasyon<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">Federasyon \u00e7awa dixebite<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/the-community\/\">Civak\u00ean Kurd<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea tor\u00ea de: em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" 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class=\"pf-acct__join\">Endam bibin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">Prof\u00eela te<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/start\/\">Panel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">M\u00eeheng<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">Dani\u015f\u00een\u00ean we<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">Derkeve<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"Ziman\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">Ziman<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">KMR<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ckb\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fa\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/tr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/az\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/it\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ja\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ru\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/hi\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ko\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a 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d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">Berhevdana pergal\u00ean penaberiy\u00ea<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">Plana naverok\u00ea di amadekirin\u00ea de ye.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\">Eleqeya xwe tomar bikin<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/\">Hem\u00fb kurs<\/a><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header><div class=\"pf-strip\"><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Ast<\/dt><dd>Bingeh<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Dema xwendin\u00ea<\/dt><dd>D\u00ea were diyarkirin<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>P\u00eal<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal pf-signal--text\"><dt>Rew\u015f<\/dt><dd>Plankir\u00ee<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"pf-mod pf-glance\" data-pf-mod=\"glance\"><p class=\"pf-glance__h\">Bi kurt\u00ee<\/p><ul class=\"pf-glance__items\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-glance__item\"><a class=\"pf-glance__in\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/pathways\/\"><span class=\"pf-glance__i\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-glance__v\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-pf-count=\"0\">0<\/span><span class=\"pf-sr\">0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"pf-glance__l\">R\u00ea\u00e7<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"pf-glance__item\"><div class=\"pf-glance__in\"><span class=\"pf-glance__i\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\" \/> <path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\" \/> <path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-glance__v pf-glance__v--text\">Bingeh<\/span><span class=\"pf-glance__l\">Ast<\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"pf-glance__extra\"><ul class=\"pf-iconrow\" role=\"list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/faculties\/law-governance\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 22V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v18Z\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2\" \/> <path d=\"M18 9h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\" \/> <path d=\"M10 6h4\" \/> <path d=\"M10 10h4\" \/> <path d=\"M10 14h4\" \/> <path d=\"M10 18h4\" \/><\/svg><span>Fakulteya Hiq\u00fbq, R\u00eavebir\u00ee \u00fb Kar\u00ean Gi\u015ft\u00ee<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/faculties\/law-governance\/law\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\" \/> <path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\" \/> <path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\" \/><\/svg><span>Be\u015fa Hiq\u00fbq\u00ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/disciplines\/migration-law\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 7v14\" \/> <path d=\"M3 18a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5a4 4 0 0 1 4 4 4 4 0 0 1 4-4h5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v13a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-6a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3z\" \/><\/svg><span>Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"course\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">Ber\u00ee ku h\u00fbn dest p\u00ea bikin<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">R\u00eaxistina Hevkariya Kurd\u00ee federasyoneke civakan e ku ji hev f\u00ear dibin. Ne zan\u00eengeh e, \u00eediaya rayedariya gi\u015ft\u00ee nake \u00fb xizmeta tu hik\u00fbmet, part\u00ee an saziya baweriy\u00ea nake.<\/span><span class=\"pf-notice__tags\"><span class=\"pf-notice__tag\">Hiq\u00fbq<\/span><span class=\"pf-notice__tag\">Ko\u00e7ber\u00ee \u00fb stat\u00fb<\/span><\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">Kurs ji aliy\u00ea hevtayan ve t\u00eane niv\u00eesandin \u00fb nirxandin. X\u00eaz\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee heta nirxandina pisporan re\u015fniv\u00ees in.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de<\/h3><ul class=\"pf-notice__ctx\" role=\"list\"><li data-pf-context=\"legal\"><strong>Hiq\u00fbq<\/strong> <span>Hiq\u00fbq ji welatek\u00ee bo welatek\u00ee din cuda ye \u00fb diguhere. Ev agahiy\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee ne, ne \u015f\u00eereta hiq\u00fbq\u00ee ne.<\/span><\/li><li data-pf-context=\"migration\"><strong>Ko\u00e7ber\u00ee \u00fb stat\u00fb<\/strong> <span>Qa\u00eedey\u00ean li ser r\u00fbni\u015ftin, penaber\u00ee \u00fb stat\u00fby\u00ea ji welatek\u00ee bo welatek\u00ee din cuda ne \u00fb gelek caran diguherin. Ev ne \u015f\u00eereta ko\u00e7beriy\u00ea ye. Ji \u015f\u00eawirmendek\u00ee xwed\u00ee dest\u00fbrnameya ferm\u00ee li cih\u00ea ku h\u00fbn l\u00ea dij\u00een bipirsin.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">Ev kurs \u00e7awa bi del\u00eelan re tevdigere<\/h3><p>Her hejmar p\u00eevan, sal, \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb et\u00eeketa xwe bi xwe re dibe. Ya nenas wek\u00ee nenas t\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fandan.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">Pi\u015ftrastkir\u00ee<\/span><\/dt><dd>Et\u00eeketek: ti\u015ft bi tomara xwe ya seretay\u00ee re li hev t\u00ea, wek tabloya ferm\u00ee an tomara Crossref.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">\u00c7avkaniya duyem\u00een<\/span><\/dt><dd>Et\u00eeketek: hejmar ji raporeke p\u00eabawer a li ser \u00e7avkaniy\u00ea t\u00ea, ne ji \u00e7avkaniy\u00ea bi xwe.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">Div\u00ea were pi\u015ftrastkirin<\/span><\/dt><dd>Et\u00eeketek: ti\u015ft wek\u00ee ku hatiye d\u00eetin hatiye l\u00eestekirin \u00fb h\u00een div\u00ea li gor\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya xwe were kontrolkirin.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">Tomar\u00ean zanist\u00ee y\u00ean vekir\u00ee li ser v\u00ea mijar\u00ea, ji \u00eendeks\u00ean pejirand\u00ee. Ji bo referans\u00ea hatine l\u00eestekirin, h\u00een nehatine nirxandin.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Forced Migration Online (2026). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25446\/oxford.33383485\" rel=\"noopener\">Western European responses to refugees and asylum seekers, and Kurdish asylum seekers in particular. Paper given to the conference &#8216;Kurds, a new and tragic dimension, refugees and asylum seekers&#8217; 4 December 1989<\/a>. University of Oxford. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25446\/oxford.33383485\">10.25446\/oxford.33383485<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Hirotaka Fujibayashi (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app5.301\" rel=\"noopener\">When public opinion drives national asylum policymaking: The case of Kurdish asylum seekers in Japan<\/a>. Asia &amp; the Pacific Policy Studies. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app5.301\">10.1002\/app5.301<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Marie Reyher (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.28821.79847\" rel=\"noopener\">Statelessness of Kurdish Refugees: Challenges in the Asylum Process<\/a>. Unpublished. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.28821.79847\">10.13140\/rg.2.2.28821.79847<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Ailbhe Kenny (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14675986.2022.2144028\" rel=\"noopener\">Stateless in School: The \u2018discomfort\u2019 of Kurdish asylum seekers<\/a>. Intercultural Education. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14675986.2022.2144028\">10.1080\/14675986.2022.2144028<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Diane E. King (2005). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17730\/humo.64.4.3dm0ng5c5eg9mg94\" rel=\"noopener\">Asylum Seekers \/ Patron Seekers: Interpreting Iraqi Kurdish Migration<\/a>. Human Organization. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17730\/humo.64.4.3dm0ng5c5eg9mg94\">10.17730\/humo.64.4.3dm0ng5c5eg9mg94<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">J\u00eagirtina v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/corrections\/\">\u015ea\u015fiyek\u00ea rapor bikin<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"Di v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea de\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">Di v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea de<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea kurs\u00ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>Pa\u015f\u00ea \u00e7i dibe<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>P\u00ea\u015fketina we<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>K\u00ee w\u00ea h\u00een dike<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>Z\u00eadetir ji Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s6\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">06<\/span><span>Xwendina z\u00eadetir<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s7\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">07<\/span><span>Tomar<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea kurs\u00ea<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>Be\u015fek ji Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea. Penaber\u00ee, r\u00fbni\u015ftin \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn, \u00fb mirov \u00e7awa b\u00ea dewlet dibin \u00fb d\u00eesa hemwelatiyek\u00ea bi dest dixin.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Ast<\/dt><dd>Bingeh<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>P\u00eal<\/dt><dd>P\u00eala 2<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>D\u00ees\u00eepl\u00een<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/disciplines\/migration-law\/\">Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>Pa\u015f\u00ea \u00e7i dibe<\/h2>\n  \n  <p>P\u00ea\u015f\u00ee plana w\u00ea t\u00ea niv\u00eesandin, pa\u015f\u00ea Civaka prat\u00eek\u00ea ya berpirsiyar w\u00ea dinirx\u00eene. H\u00eenkirin ten\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee nirxandin\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike.<\/p><p class=\"pf-acad-honest\">Tomara temamkirin\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide ka \u00e7i hatiye xwendin \u00fb nirxandin. Ew ne sert\u00eef\u00eeka \u00fb ne bawername ye.<\/p><dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Ew n\u00ee\u015fan dide<\/dt><dd>We kurs \u00fb nirxandina w\u00ea temam kir.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\u00c7ar\u00e7ove<\/dt><dd>Ten\u00ea ev kurs. Ew ne bawernameyeke akred\u00eetekir\u00ee, ne d\u00eeploma \u00fb ne sert\u00eef\u00eekaya zim\u00ean e.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Derbasdar\u00ee<\/dt><dd>Tomareke may\u00eende ya temamkirin\u00ea. Ew betal nabe \u00fb nay\u00ea n\u00fbkirin.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Vegirtin<\/dt><dd>Heke bi derewan hatibe wergirtin t\u00ea vegirtin.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Ne pi\u015ftgir\u00ee ye<\/dt><dd>Temamkirin nay\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku R\u00eaxistina Hevkariya Kurd\u00ee pi\u015ftgiriya we, kar\u00ea we an n\u00ear\u00een\u00ean we dike.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Rol\u00ean peymannamey\u00ea<\/dt><dd>Rol\u00ean li gor\u00ee peymannamey\u00ea p\u00eevan, n\u00fbkirin \u00fb qa\u00eedey\u00ean xwe y\u00ean betalkirin\u00ea hene.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>P\u00ea\u015fketina we<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Ders, temamkirin \u00fb destkeftiya we ya kurs\u00ea, ji bo we t\u00ean parastin.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-progress\" data-pf-progress=\"course:asylum-systems-compared\"><div data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><div class=\"pf-progress__head\"><p class=\"pf-progress__eyebrow\">P\u00ea\u015fketina we<\/p><p class=\"pf-progress__state\">T\u00eaneket\u00ee<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-progress__lede\">T\u00eakevin da ku cih\u00ea xwe bipar\u00eazin, ders\u00ean xwe bi\u015fop\u00eenin \u00fb destkeftiya xwe ya kurs\u00ea bib\u00eenin.<\/p><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Flearn%2Fcatalogue%2Fasylum-systems-compared%2F\">T\u00eakeve<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\">Hesab\u00ea xwe \u00e7\u00eakin<\/a><\/p><\/div><div data-pf-auth=\"member\"><div class=\"pf-progress__head\"><p class=\"pf-progress__eyebrow\">P\u00ea\u015fketina we<\/p><p class=\"pf-progress__state\">H\u00een ne vekir\u00ee ye<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-progress__value\"><span>0<\/span>%<\/p><div class=\"pf-meter\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"H\u00een p\u00ea\u015fketin tune\"><span class=\"pf-meter__fill\" style=\"width:0%\"><\/span><\/div><dl class=\"pf-facts pf-facts--panel\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Ders\u00ean temamkir\u00ee<\/dt><dd>Gava kurs vebe t\u00ea we\u015fandin<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Destkeftiya kurs\u00ea<\/dt><dd>H\u00een na<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"pf-progress__note\">Gava ev kurs ji bo tomarb\u00fbn\u00ea vebe p\u00ea\u015fketina we li vir xuya dibe. Ten\u00ea ji we re t\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fandan.<\/p><\/div><\/div><!--\/pf-progress-->\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>K\u00ee w\u00ea h\u00een dike<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Gava kurs vebe nav\u00ean mamosteyan li vir t\u00ean niv\u00eesandin.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"pf-team\" data-pf-team=\"asylum-systems-compared\"><ul class=\"pf-people\"><li class=\"pf-person pf-person--open\"><span class=\"pf-person__mark\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><div><h3 class=\"pf-person__name\">Berpirs\u00ea kurs\u00ea<\/h3><p class=\"pf-person__role\">T\u00ea avakirin<\/p><p class=\"pf-person__bio\">Mamosteyek\u00ee mijar\u00ea, ku gava kurs vebe nav\u00ea w\u00ee li vir t\u00ea niv\u00eesandin.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><!--\/pf-team--><dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Nirxandina plana naverok\u00ea<\/dt><dd>Civakeke prat\u00eek\u00ea ya di Akademiy\u00ea de, ber\u00ee destp\u00eaka h\u00eenkirin\u00ea, plana naverok\u00ea dinirx\u00eene.<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Bi me re h\u00een bikin<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">P\u00ea\u015fniyar bikin ku v\u00ea kurs\u00ea h\u00een bikin an binirx\u00eenin<\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>Z\u00eadetir ji Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/h2>\n  \n  <ul class=\"pf-cards pf-cards--3\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"diaspora-studies\" data-faculty=\"law-governance\" data-level=\"P\" data-wave=\"2\" data-status=\"planned\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00b7 P\u00ee\u015fekar<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/statelessness\/\">B\u00eadewlet\u00ee<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Plana naverok\u00ea di amadekirin\u00ea de ye.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">P\u00eala 2 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Plankir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-card\" data-school=\"migration-newcomers\" data-faculty=\"law-governance\" data-level=\"P\" data-wave=\"3\" data-status=\"planned\">\n  <p class=\"pf-card__meta\">Hiq\u00fbqa ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00b7 P\u00ee\u015fekar<\/p>\n  <h3 class=\"pf-card__title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/statelessness-and-nationality-law\/\">B\u00eawelat\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbna hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/a><\/h3>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__text\">Plana naverok\u00ea di amadekirin\u00ea de ye.<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-card__foot\">P\u00eala 3 <span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">Plankir\u00ee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s6\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">06<\/span>Xwendina z\u00eadetir<\/h2>\n  \n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__label\">Ji aliy\u00ea metadaney\u00ean vekir\u00ee ve hatiye p\u00ea\u015fniyarkirin, h\u00een nehatiye nirxandin.<\/p><ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25446\/oxford.33383485\" rel=\"noopener\">Western European responses to refugees and asylum seekers, and Kurdish asylum seekers in particular. Paper given to the conference &#8216;Kurds, a new and tragic dimension, refugees and asylum seekers&#8217; 4 December 1989<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Forced Migration Online \u00b7 2026 \u00b7 University of Oxford<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Y\u00ean din<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-ND<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app5.301\" rel=\"noopener\">When public opinion drives national asylum policymaking: The case of Kurdish asylum seekers in Japan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Hirotaka Fujibayashi \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 Asia &amp; the Pacific Policy Studies<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">Gih\u00ee\u015ftina vekir\u00ee<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/rg.2.2.28821.79847\" rel=\"noopener\">Statelessness of Kurdish Refugees: Challenges in the Asylum Process<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Marie Reyher \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Unpublished<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DataCite<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14675986.2022.2144028\" rel=\"noopener\">Stateless in School: The \u2018discomfort\u2019 of Kurdish asylum seekers<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ailbhe Kenny \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Intercultural Education<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17730\/humo.64.4.3dm0ng5c5eg9mg94\" rel=\"noopener\">Asylum Seekers \/ Patron Seekers: Interpreting Iraqi Kurdish Migration<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Diane E. King \u00b7 2005 \u00b7 Human Organization<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">Gotar<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">\u00c7avkan\u00ee, l\u00eesans \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ean ki\u015fandin\u00ea: <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DataCite (<a href=\"https:\/\/support.datacite.org\/docs\/datacite-metadata-schema\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s7\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">07<\/span>Tomar<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">Her kurs malek\u00ee gi\u015ft\u00ee ye. Tomara w\u00ea li gor\u00ee qa\u00eedey\u00ean we\u015fan\u00ea y\u00ean peymannamey\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n  <dl class=\"pf-facts\"><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Guherto<\/dt><dd>H\u00een nehatiye amadekirin<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Nirxandin<\/dt><dd>Dest p\u00ea nekiriye<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Bir\u00eavebirin<\/dt><dd>Gi\u015ft\u00ee<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>\u00c7avkaniya esl\u00ee<\/dt><dd>Di plana bernameya dersan de hatiye l\u00eestekirin<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>L\u00eesans<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Rastkirin<\/dt><dd><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">\u015ea\u015fiyek\u00ea rapor bikin<\/a><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-fact\"><dt>Bi kar b\u00eenin<\/dt><dd>V\u00ea kurs\u00ea an temamkirina w\u00ea bi kar neynin da ku pi\u015ftgir\u00ee an poz\u00eesyoneke siyas\u00ee bidin xuyakirin.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>J\u00eagirtina v\u00ea r\u00fbpel\u00ea<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Asylum systems compared<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cAsylum Systems Compared.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_learn_catalogue_asylum_systems_compared,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Asylum systems compared},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_learn_catalogue_asylum_systems_compared.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_learn_catalogue_asylum_systems_compared.bib\" download=\"kco2026_learn_catalogue_asylum_systems_compared.bib\">Daxe <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_learn_catalo\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Asylum systems compared\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>Kop\u00ee bike<\/span><span hidden>Hate kop\u00eekirin<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_learn_catalogue_asylum_systems_compared.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_learn_catalogue_asylum_systems_compared.ris\" download=\"kco2026_learn_catalogue_asylum_systems_compared.ris\">Daxe <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">L\u00eesans <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"Bi me re ava bikin\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">Bi me re ava bikin<\/h2><p>Bibin endam, an j\u00ee ji me re bib\u00eajin bajar\u00ea we \u00e7i hewce dike. H\u00fbn bi xwe hildibij\u00earin ku h\u00fbn \u00e7i parve dikin.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">Tevl\u00ee bibin<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">Prof\u00eela te<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">T\u00eakil\u00ee<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"Tor\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect 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class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span>KCO<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-netfoot__name\">R\u00eaxistina Hevkariya Kurd\u00ee<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">KCO<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/\">Destp\u00eak<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/the-community\/\">Civak\u00ean Kurd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/federation\/\">Federasyon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/country-programmes\/\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/calendar\/\">Salname<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/search\/\">L\u00eager\u00een<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Be\u015f<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/\">Akadem\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/kmr\/\">M\u00eeras<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/kmr\/\">Ziman<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/kmr\/\">L\u00eakol\u00een<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/kmr\/\">Derfet<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/kmr\/\">Welat\u00eeb\u00fbn<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/kmr\/\">P\u00ea\u015fketin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/\">N\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb b\u00fbyer<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/areas\/\">Be\u015f\u00ean xebat\u00ea<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Bernamey\u00ean welatan<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>Afr\u00eeka<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Misir<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asya-Pas\u00eef\u00eek<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Awistralya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Japonya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Zelandaya N\u00fb<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Qefqasya<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Azerbeycan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/kmr\/\">Ermenistan<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Gurcistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Asyaya Nav\u00een<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Qazaxistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Qirgizistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Tirkmenistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ewropa<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Almanya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Awistirya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Bel\u00e7\u00eeka<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Dan\u00eemarka<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">F\u00eenlenda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Fransa<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Holanda<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00cetalya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Norwec<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Qibris<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Qiral\u00eeyeta Yekb\u00fby\u00ee<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sw\u00ead<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Sw\u00eesre<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Y\u00fbnanistan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ewropa \u00fb Asyaya Nav\u00een<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">R\u00fbsya<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Rojhilata Nav\u00een<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00ceran<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00ceraq<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u00cesra\u00eel<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Libnan<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">M\u00eergeh\u00ean Ereb\u00ee y\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/kmr\/\">S\u00fbr\u00eeye<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/kmr\/\">T\u00fcrkiye<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Urdun<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amer\u00eekaya Bakur<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Dewlet\u00ean Amer\u00eekay\u00ea y\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Kanada<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/membership\/\">Endamt\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/join\/\">Tevl\u00ee bibin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/get-involved\/\">Be\u015fdar bibin<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fkmr%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00eakeve<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/start\/\">Ji vir dest p\u00ea bikin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00eakil\u00ee<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Yasay\u00ee \u00fb ewleh\u00ee<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kmr\/protected-participation\/\">Be\u015fdariya parast\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Peymanname<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea tor\u00ea de: em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/corrections\/\">Rastkirin<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/kmr\/verification\/\">Pi\u015ftrastkirin<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">Ziman<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ckb\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ar\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fa\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/tr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/az\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/de\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/es\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/fr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/hi\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/id\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/it\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ja\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ko\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/pt\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/ru\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/zh\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Guhertoya peymannamey\u00ea<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">R\u00eaxistina Hevkariya Kurd\u00ee toreke serbixwe ya perwerde \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea ya hevtayan e, ku ji civak\u00ean Kurd p\u00eak t\u00ea. Ew ne zan\u00eengeh e \u00fb \u00eediaya ti desthilatdariya gi\u015ft\u00ee nake. <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">Derbar\u00ea v\u00ea tor\u00ea de: em \u00e7i ne \u00fb em ne \u00e7i ne<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCOAkadem\u00ee Tor Be\u015f 01Akadem\u00ee Her qada zan\u00een\u00ea, kurs bi hem\u00fb zaravay\u00ean Kurd\u00ee, \u00fb civak\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ea. 02M\u00eeras D\u00eerok ji Zagros\u00ea heta \u00eero, b\u00eer, bawer\u00ee, huner, w\u00eaje \u00fb xwarin. 03Ziman Kurmanc\u00ee, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/kmr\/catalogue\/asylum-systems-compared\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Asylum systems compared&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":483,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-4380","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4380"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4380\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}