{"id":212,"date":"2026-11-01T18:21:36","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/"},"modified":"2026-11-01T18:21:36","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T18:21:36","slug":"maps","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/","title":{"rendered":"Maps and layers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"pf\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\" data-site=\"\/research\/\" data-net=\"kco\" data-kit=\"d46\" data-kind=\"page\">\n<div class=\"pf-top pf-nv\" data-pf-nav=\"\" data-pf-more=\"\u66f4\u591a\">\n<a class=\"pf-brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span><b>KCO<\/b><small translate=\"no\">kurds.global<\/small><\/span><\/a><a class=\"pf-nv__site pf-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/\" data-area=\"research\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 10c0 4.993-5.539 10.193-7.399 11.799a1 1 0 0 1-1.202 0C9.539 20.193 4 14.993 4 10a8 8 0 0 1 16 0\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"3\" \/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-scope__crumbs\"><b>KCO<\/b><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m9 18 6-6-6-6\" \/><\/svg><span>\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n<nav class=\"pf-nv__menu\" id=\"pf-nv-menu\" aria-label=\"\u7f51\u7edc\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__bar\"><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"network\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-network\" data-tip=\"\u7f51\u7edc\"><span>\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"3\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"14\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/> <rect width=\"7\" height=\"7\" x=\"3\" y=\"14\" rx=\"1\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-network\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--network\">\n<div class=\"pf-nv__primary\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u9886\u57df<\/p><ol class=\"pf-nv__svcs\"><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"learn\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span>\u5b66\u82d1<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bed\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u8df5\u793e\u7fa4\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"heritage\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span>\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u4ece\u624e\u683c\u7f57\u65af\u5c71\u8109\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u996e\u98df\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"language\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span>\u8bed\u8a00<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u5e93\u5c14\u66fc\u5409\u8bed\u3001\u7d22\u62c9\u5c3c\u8bed\u3001\u624e\u624e\u8bed\u3001\u5357\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u53e4\u62c9\u5c3c\u8bed\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"research\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span>\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ad9\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u4e66\u76ee\u548c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"opportunities\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span>\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u751f\u8ba1\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u5bfc\u5e08\u8f85\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"civic\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span>\u516c\u6c11<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6743\u5229\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u95ee\u9898\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"development\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">07<\/span><span>\u53d1\u5c55<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u9762\u5411\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u751f\u8ba1\u548c\u707e\u5bb3\u9632\u5907\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__svc\" data-area=\"news\"><a class=\"pf-nv__svc-t\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/zh\/\"><span class=\"pf-nv__n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">08<\/span><span>\u65b0\u95fb\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u6bcf\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u5730\u533a\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u5386\u3002<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-nv__aside\"><p class=\"pf-nv__h\">KCO<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/\">\u9996\u9875<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/country-programmes\/\">\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/areas\/\">\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u57df<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/calendar\/\">\u65e5\u5386<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/the-community\/\">\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"countries\" data-pf-lazy=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-countries\" data-tip=\"\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee\"><span>\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-countries\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--countries\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee<\/p><div hidden><\/div><p class=\"pf-nv__more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/country-programmes\/\">\u5168\u90e835\u4e2a\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"site\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-site\" data-current=\"\" data-tip=\"\u672c\u7ad9\"><span>\u672c\u7ad9<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 9h18\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-site\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--site\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/\">\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/observatory\/\">\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ad9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/\" aria-current=\"page\">\u5730\u56fe<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/reading-list\/\">\u9605\u8bfb\u4e66\u76ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/references\/\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/sources\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6765\u6e90<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/hubs\/\">\u6765\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/directory\/\">\u540d\u5f55<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/take-part\/\">\u53c2\u4e0e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><li class=\"pf-nv__item\"><details class=\"pf-nv__d\" data-pf-mega=\"about\"><summary class=\"pf-nv__sum\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-about\" data-tip=\"\u7b80\u4ecb\"><span>\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 16v-4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 8h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"pf-nv__panel\" id=\"pf-nv-about\"><div class=\"pf-nv__in pf-nv__in--about\">\n<p class=\"pf-nv__h\">\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p><div class=\"pf-nv__groups\"><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\u7b80\u4ecb<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/federation\/\">\u8054\u5408\u4f1a<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/the-community\/\">\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7ae0\u7a0b<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\u53c2\u4e0e<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/membership\/\">\u4f1a\u5458<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u4f1a\u5458\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e<\/span><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/join\/\">\u52a0\u5165<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/get-involved\/\">\u53c2\u4e0e<\/a><span class=\"pf-nv__text\">\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-nv__group\"><p class=\"pf-nv__rh\">\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168<\/p><ul class=\"pf-nv__links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/protected-participation\/\">\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u53c2\u4e0e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/zh\/corrections\/\">\u66f4\u6b63<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec<svg class=\"pf-icon pf-nv__ext\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14 4h6v6M20 4l-9 9M18 14v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h5\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/details><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<div class=\"pf-top__tools\"><details class=\"pf-nv__search\"><summary data-tip=\"\u641c\u7d22  \/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">\u641c\u7d22<\/span><\/summary><form class=\"pf-nv__sform\" role=\"search\" action=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/search\/\" method=\"get\"><label class=\"pf-sr\" for=\"pf-nv-q\">\u641c\u7d22<\/label><input id=\"pf-nv-q\" type=\"search\" name=\"q\" placeholder=\"\u641c\u7d22\u672c\u7ad9\" autocomplete=\"off\" enterkeyhint=\"search\"><button type=\"submit\" class=\"pf-btn\">\u641c\u7d22<\/button><\/form><\/details><details class=\"pf-acct\" data-pf-acct=\"\"><summary class=\"pf-searchlink pf-acctlink\" aria-label=\"\u8d26\u6237\" data-tip=\"\u8d26\u6237\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M4 21c0-4 3.6-7 8-7s8 3 8 7\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\">\u8d26\u6237<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-acct__menu\"><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fzh%2Fstart%2F\">\u767b\u5f55<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/register\/?pf_lang=zh\" class=\"pf-acct__join\">\u52a0\u5165<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-acct__list\" data-pf-auth=\"member\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\">\u60a8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/start\/\">\u63a7\u5236\u9762\u677f<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/settings\/\">\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/sessions\/\">\u60a8\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?action=logout\" data-pf-logout=\"\">\u9000\u51fa\u767b\u5f55<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><details class=\"pf-langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><summary data-tip=\"\u8bed\u8a00\"><span class=\"pf-sr\">\u8bed\u8a00<\/span><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18M12 3c2.6 2.8 3.9 5.8 3.9 9s-1.3 6.2-3.9 9c-2.6-2.8-3.9-5.8-3.9-9S9.4 5.8 12 3z\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-sr\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__code\" translate=\"no\" aria-hidden=\"true\">ZH<\/span><span class=\"pf-langs__count\">18<\/span><\/summary><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/kmr\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ckb\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ar\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/fa\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/tr\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/az\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/de\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/fr\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/it\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ja\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ru\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/es\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/hi\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/id\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ko\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/pt\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-theme pf-theme-btn\" data-pf-theme=\"\" aria-label=\"\u8ddf\u968f\u7cfb\u7edf\" data-tip=\"\u8ddf\u968f\u7cfb\u7edf\" data-l-light=\"\u6d45\u8272\" data-l-dark=\"\u6df1\u8272\" data-l-system=\"\u8ddf\u968f\u7cfb\u7edf\" hidden><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__light\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"4\" \/> <path d=\"M12 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M12 20v2\" \/> <path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m17.66 17.66 1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"M2 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"M20 12h2\" \/> <path d=\"m6.34 17.66-1.41 1.41\" \/> <path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__dark\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3a6 6 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 0 1 1-9-9Z\" \/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"pf-theme-btn__system\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" \/> <line x1=\"8\" x2=\"16\" y1=\"21\" y2=\"21\" \/> <line x1=\"12\" x2=\"12\" y1=\"17\" y2=\"21\" \/><\/svg><\/span><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-nv__toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path class=\"pf-nv__bars\" d=\"M4 7h16M4 12h16M4 17h16\"\/><path class=\"pf-nv__x\" d=\"M6 6l12 12M18 6L6 18\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"pf-nv__toggle-l\">\u83dc\u5355<\/span><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<nav class=\"pf-rail\" aria-label=\"\u9886\u57df\"><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u9996\u9875\" data-tip=\"\u9996\u9875\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u5b66\u82d1\" data-tip=\"\u5b66\u82d1\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\" data-tip=\"\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"3\" x2=\"21\" y1=\"22\" y2=\"22\" \/> <line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"14\" x2=\"14\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <line x1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\" \/> <polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u8bed\u8a00\" data-tip=\"\u8bed\u8a00\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m5 8 6 6\" \/> <path d=\"m4 14 6-6 2-3\" \/> <path d=\"M2 5h12\" \/> <path d=\"M7 2h1\" \/> <path d=\"m22 22-5-10-5 10\" \/> <path d=\"M14 18h6\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/\" aria-current=\"page\" aria-label=\"\u7814\u7a76\" data-tip=\"\u7814\u7a76\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-shape\" viewBox=\"-8.5 -8.5 17 17\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><polygon points=\"0.5,-7.5 0.5,-6.5 1.5,-6.5 1.5,-5.5 2.5,-5.5 2.5,-4.5 3.5,-4.5 3.5,-3.5 4.5,-3.5 4.5,-2.5 5.5,-2.5 5.5,-1.5 6.5,-1.5 6.5,-0.5 7.5,-0.5 7.5,0.5 6.5,0.5 6.5,1.5 5.5,1.5 5.5,2.5 4.5,2.5 4.5,3.5 3.5,3.5 3.5,4.5 2.5,4.5 2.5,5.5 1.5,5.5 1.5,6.5 0.5,6.5 0.5,7.5 -0.5,7.5 -0.5,6.5 -1.5,6.5 -1.5,5.5 -2.5,5.5 -2.5,4.5 -3.5,4.5 -3.5,3.5 -4.5,3.5 -4.5,2.5 -5.5,2.5 -5.5,1.5 -6.5,1.5 -6.5,0.5 -7.5,0.5 -7.5,-0.5 -6.5,-0.5 -6.5,-1.5 -5.5,-1.5 -5.5,-2.5 -4.5,-2.5 -4.5,-3.5 -3.5,-3.5 -3.5,-4.5 -2.5,-4.5 -2.5,-5.5 -1.5,-5.5 -1.5,-6.5 -0.5,-6.5 -0.5,-7.5\" vector-effect=\"non-scaling-stroke\"\/><\/svg><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 16v5\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14v7\" \/> <path d=\"M20 10v11\" \/> <path d=\"m22 3-8.646 8.646a.5.5 0 0 1-.708 0L9.354 8.354a.5.5 0 0 0-.707 0L2 15\" \/> <path d=\"M4 18v3\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14v7\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u673a\u4f1a\" data-tip=\"\u673a\u4f1a\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 12h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 6V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2\" \/> <path d=\"M22 13a18.15 18.15 0 0 1-20 0\" \/> <rect width=\"20\" height=\"14\" x=\"2\" y=\"6\" rx=\"2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u516c\u6c11\" data-tip=\"\u516c\u6c11\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m16 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"m2 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\" \/> <path d=\"M7 21h10\" \/> <path d=\"M12 3v18\" \/> <path d=\"M3 7h2c2 0 5-1 7-2 2 1 5 2 7 2h2\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u53d1\u5c55\" data-tip=\"\u53d1\u5c55\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m11 17 2 2a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"m14 14 2.5 2.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3l-3.88-3.88a3 3 0 0 0-4.24 0l-.88.88a1 1 0 1 1-3-3l2.81-2.81a5.79 5.79 0 0 1 7.06-.87l.47.28a2 2 0 0 0 1.42.25L21 4\" \/> <path d=\"m21 3 1 11h-2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 3 2 14l6.5 6.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\" \/> <path d=\"M3 4h8\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/zh\/\" aria-label=\"\u65b0\u95fb\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\" data-tip=\"\u65b0\u95fb\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 22h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H8a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Zm0 0a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-9c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h2\" \/> <path d=\"M18 14h-8\" \/> <path d=\"M15 18h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M10 6h8v4h-8V6Z\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"pf-rail__g pf-rail__g--end\"><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/calendar\/\" aria-label=\"\u65e5\u5386\" data-tip=\"\u65e5\u5386\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/country-programmes\/\" aria-label=\"\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee\" data-tip=\"\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"\u7ae0\u7a0b\" data-tip=\"\u7ae0\u7a0b\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 12h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M15 8h-5\" \/> <path d=\"M19 17V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4\" \/> <path d=\"M8 21h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-1a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H11a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1a2 2 0 1 1-4 0V5a2 2 0 1 0-4 0v2a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h3\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-rail__i\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/protected-participation\/\" aria-label=\"\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u53c2\u4e0e\" data-tip=\"\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u53c2\u4e0e\" data-tip-pos=\"end\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\" \/> <path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\" \/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"pf-tabbar\" aria-label=\"\u9886\u57df\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M15 21v-8a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v8\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10a2 2 0 0 1 .709-1.528l7-5.999a2 2 0 0 1 2.582 0l7 5.999A2 2 0 0 1 21 10v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z\" \/><\/svg><span>\u9996\u9875<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/zh\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\" \/> <path d=\"M22 10v6\" \/> <path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\" \/><\/svg><span>\u5b66\u82d1<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/country-programmes\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\" \/> <path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 1.1.9 2 2 2a2 2 0 0 0 2-2c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\" \/> <path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\" \/> <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\" \/><\/svg><span>\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/calendar\/\"><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2v4\" \/> <path d=\"M16 2v4\" \/> <rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\" \/> <path d=\"M3 10h18\" \/> <path d=\"M8 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 14h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M8 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M12 18h.01\" \/> <path d=\"M16 18h.01\" \/><\/svg><span>\u65e5\u5386<\/span><\/a><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-tabbar__menu\" data-pf-tabmenu=\"\" aria-controls=\"pf-nv-menu\" hidden><svg class=\"pf-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"12\" y2=\"12\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\" \/> <line x1=\"4\" x2=\"20\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\" \/><\/svg><span>\u83dc\u5355<\/span><\/button><\/nav><div class=\"pf-canvas\"><aside class=\"pf-note pf-note--info\" role=\"note\"><p>\u672c\u9875\u4e3a\u8bd1\u6587\u3002\u6bcd\u8bed\u4eba\u58eb\u6b63\u5728\u5ba1\u6821\uff1b\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u9875\u9762\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002<\/p><\/aside><nav class=\"pf-crumbs\" aria-label=\"\u9762\u5305\u5c51\u5bfc\u822a\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/\">KCO<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/\">\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/li><li aria-current=\"page\">\u5730\u56fe\u4e0e\u56fe\u5c42<\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<header class=\"pf-hero\">\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__art\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"pf-rule-art pf-rule-art--wave\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 48\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M0,47L0,32.6L20,28.3L40,24.2L60,20.2L80,16.6L100,13.6L120,11.4L140,10L160,9.5L180,9.9L200,11.2L220,13.3L240,16.1L260,19.4L280,23.1L300,26.9L320,30.8L340,34.5L360,37.9L380,40.9L400,43.4L420,45.5L440,46.9L460,45.7L480,44.8L500,44L520,43.4L540,42.6L560,41.8L580,40.6L600,39.2L620,37.4L640,35.4L660,33.2L680,30.8L700,28.5L720,26.3L740,24.4L760,23.1L780,22.3L800,22.2L820,23L840,24.5L860,26.9L880,30L900,33.7L920,37.9L940,42.3L960,46.9L980,42.6L1000,38.5L1020,34.8L1040,31.7L1060,29.3L1080,27.7L1100,26.8L1120,26.7L1140,27.3L1160,28.4L1180,29.9L1200,31.6\"\/><path d=\"M0,47L0,21L20,21.7L40,23.2L60,25.5L80,28.4L100,31.8L120,35.5L140,39.1L160,42.5L180,45.6L200,45.8L220,43.7L240,42.2L260,41.3L280,40.8L300,40.7L320,40.9L340,41.2L360,41.5L380,41.7L400,41.8L420,41.9L440,41.8L460,41.7L480,41.8L500,42L520,42.7L540,43.7L560,45.3L580,46.7L600,44.1L620,41L640,37.7L660,34.2L680,30.7L700,27.5L720,24.8L740,22.8L760,21.5L780,21.2L800,21.7L820,23.2L840,25.5L860,28.5L880,32L900,35.7L920,39.5L940,43.1L960,46.4L980,44.8L1000,42.6L1020,41L1040,40L1060,39.6L1080,39.5L1100,39.8L1120,40.3L1140,40.9L1160,41.4L1180,41.8L1200,42.1\"\/><path class=\"pf-rule-art__hue\" d=\"M0,47L0,41.2L20,43.7L40,46L60,46L80,44.4L100,43.3L120,42.6L140,42.4L160,42.6L180,42.9L200,43.4L220,43.9L240,44.5L260,44.9L280,45.4L300,45.9L320,46.5L340,46.8L360,45.9L380,44.7L400,43.4L420,41.9L440,40.5L460,39.1L480,38.1L500,37.5L520,37.5L540,38.2L560,39.5L580,41.5L600,44L620,46.9L640,44.1L660,41.1L680,38.5L700,36.4L720,35L740,34.3L760,34.4L780,35.2L800,36.6L820,38.5L840,40.6L860,42.7L880,44.7L900,46.5L920,46.1L940,45L960,44.4L980,44L1000,43.9L1020,44L1040,44.1L1060,44.2L1080,44.3L1100,44.5L1120,44.7L1140,45L1160,45.6L1180,46.4L1200,46.5\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-hero__text\">\n    <p class=\"pf-eyebrow\"><span>\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"pf-h1\">\u5730\u56fe\u4e0e\u56fe\u5c42<\/h1>\n    <p class=\"pf-lede\">\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6 OpenStreetMap \u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u6709\u6545\u4e61\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6570\u636e\u56fe\u5c42\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u56fe\u5c42\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u5df2\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u6279\u51c6\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u7ed8\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n    \n  <\/div>\n  \n  \n<\/header><div class=\"pf-strip\"><dl class=\"pf-signals\"><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>\u57ce\u5e02\u9875\u9762<\/dt><dd>85<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>\u56fe\u5c42<\/dt><dd>10<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>\u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-signal\"><dt>\u539f\u7c4d\u56fd<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div>\n<details class=\"pf-notice\" id=\"before-you-begin\" data-pf-notice=\"material\"><summary class=\"pf-notice__sum\"><span class=\"pf-notice__k\">\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d<\/span> <span class=\"pf-notice__line\">\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u8054\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u653f\u515a\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/summary><div class=\"pf-notice__body\">\n<p class=\"pf-notice__lead\">\u5916\u90e8\u6765\u6e90\u4fdd\u7559\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u5217\u51fa\u6216\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u80cc\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n\n<div data-pf-notice-evidence=\"\"><h3 class=\"pf-notice__h\">\u672c\u9875\u9762\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8bc1\u636e<\/h3><p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u90fd\u6807\u660e\u5176\u8ba1\u91cf\u53e3\u5f84\u3001\u5e74\u4efd\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/p><dl class=\"pf-notice__labels\"><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--verified\">\u5df2\u6838\u5b9e<\/span><\/dt><dd>\u6807\u7b7e\uff1a\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u4e0e\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b98\u65b9\u8868\u683c\u6216Crossref\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--secondary\">\u4e8c\u624b\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/dt><dd>\u6807\u7b7e\uff1a\u8be5\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u81ea\u5173\u4e8e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6765\u6e90\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/dd><\/div><div><dt><span class=\"pf-chip pf-chip--to-verify\">\u5f85\u6838\u5b9e<\/span><\/dt><dd>\u6807\u7b7e\uff1a\u8be5\u6761\u76ee\u6309\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u7684\u539f\u6837\u5217\u51fa\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u5bf9\u7167\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u6838\u5b9e\u3002<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><h4 class=\"pf-notice__h4\">\u6765\u6e90<\/h4><p class=\"pf-notice__small\">\u6765\u81ea\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5b66\u672f\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u5ba1\u9605\u3002<\/p><ol class=\"pf-notice__srcs\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">F\u0131rat Boz\u00e7ali (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781503644502-005\" rel=\"noopener\">Map of Greater Kurdistan Geography<\/a>. Stanford University Press eBooks. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781503644502-005\">10.1515\/9781503644502-005<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Shakir A. Zebari, Sawer Ahmed, Ibrahim Naqid et al. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.11.20.25340675\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cDistribution, genetic polymorphism and genotype prediction of rhesus blood group antigens among the Kurdish population of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq\u201d<\/a>. openRxiv. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.11.20.25340675\">10.1101\/2025.11.20.25340675<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.8.1.26\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluating The Use of Maps in Social Sciences \/ Geography Books in The Kurdistan Region \/ Iraq<\/a> (2023). Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.8.1.26\">10.25212\/lfu.qzj.8.1.26<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Zahra Ghobadian (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3126\/ajms.v5i3.9151\" rel=\"noopener\">Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in a major ethnic group of the West Iran, the Kurdish population<\/a>. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3126\/ajms.v5i3.9151\">10.3126\/ajms.v5i3.9151<\/a><\/span><\/li><li class=\"pf-notice__src\"><span translate=\"no\">Unknown Author (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26750\/yc5nk635\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sixth Parliamentary Election of Kurdistan: Results and Implications (A Study in Political Geography)<\/a>. Journal of Raparin University. DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26750\/yc5nk635\">10.26750\/yc5nk635<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-notice__cite\"><a href=\"#cite\">\u5f15\u7528\u672c\u9875<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"pf-notice__foot\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/zh\/corrections\/\">\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef<\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<nav class=\"pf-toc\" aria-label=\"\u672c\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\"><p class=\"pf-toc__h\">\u672c\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"#s1\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">01<\/span><span>\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u56fe\u5c42<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s2\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">02<\/span><span>\u6700\u65b0\u6761\u76ee<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s3\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">03<\/span><span>\u56fe\u5c42\u767b\u8bb0\u518c<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s4\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">04<\/span><span>\u6765\u6e90\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u56fe<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#s5\"><span class=\"pf-toc__n\">05<\/span><span>\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s1\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">01<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u56fe\u5c42<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\u5728\u9762\u677f\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u56fe\u5c42\u3002\u5728\u5730\u7403\u548c\u5e73\u9762\u5730\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002\u70b9\u51fb\u57ce\u5e02\u70b9\u53ef\u6253\u5f00\u5176\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n  <figure class=\"pf-live pf-live--tall\" id=\"pf-map-maps\" data-pf-map=\"{&quot;view&quot;:{&quot;center&quot;:[44,30],&quot;zoom&quot;:2.3,&quot;projection&quot;:&quot;globe&quot;},&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;tiles&quot;:{&quot;light&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/tiles.openfreemap.org\/styles\/positron&quot;,&quot;dark&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/tiles.openfreemap.org\/styles\/dark&quot;},&quot;layers&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;home&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;geo\/home.json&quot;,&quot;on&quot;:true},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;tiers&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;tiers&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;geo\/tiers.json&quot;,&quot;on&quot;:false},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;cities&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;cities&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;geo\/cities.json&quot;,&quot;on&quot;:true},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;links&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;links&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;geo\/links.json&quot;,&quot;on&quot;:true},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;geo\/h3.json&quot;,&quot;on&quot;:false},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;src-earthquakes&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;quakes&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;geo\/layer-earthquakes.json&quot;,&quot;on&quot;:true},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;src-provinces&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;provinces&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;geo\/layer-provinces.json&quot;,&quot;on&quot;:true}],&quot;places&quot;:{&quot;IRN\/ilam&quot;:[&quot;Ilam, Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/ilam\/&quot;],&quot;IRN\/kermanshah&quot;:[&quot;Kermanshah (Kirma\u015fan), Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/kermanshah\/&quot;],&quot;IRN\/sanandaj&quot;:[&quot;Sanandaj (Sine), Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/kurdistan-province\/sanandaj\/&quot;],&quot;IRN\/saqqez&quot;:[&quot;Saqqez (Seqiz), Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/kurdistan-province\/saqqez\/&quot;],&quot;IRN\/quchan&quot;:[&quot;Quchan (Qo\u00e7an), Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/razavi-khorasan\/quchan\/&quot;],&quot;IRN\/tehran&quot;:[&quot;Tehran, Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/tehran\/&quot;],&quot;IRN\/mahabad&quot;:[&quot;Mahabad, Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/west-azerbaijan\/mahabad\/&quot;],&quot;IRN\/urmia&quot;:[&quot;Urmia (\u00dbrmiye), Iran&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/west-azerbaijan\/urmia\/&quot;],&quot;IRQ\/sulaymaniyah&quot;:[&quot;Sulaymaniyah (Sil\u00eaman\u00ee), Iraq&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/al-sulaymaniyah\/sulaymaniyah\/&quot;],&quot;IRQ\/halabja&quot;:[&quot;Halabja, Iraq&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/al-sulaymaniyah\/halabja\/&quot;],&quot;IRQ\/baghdad&quot;:[&quot;Baghdad, Iraq&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/baghdad\/&quot;],&quot;IRQ\/duhok&quot;:[&quot;Duhok, Iraq&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/duhok\/&quot;],&quot;IRQ\/erbil&quot;:[&quot;Erbil (Hewl\u00ear), Iraq&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/erbil\/&quot;],&quot;IRQ\/kirkuk&quot;:[&quot;Kirkuk, Iraq&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/kirkuk\/&quot;],&quot;IRQ\/shingal&quot;:[&quot;Shingal (Sinjar), Iraq&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/ninewa\/shingal\/&quot;],&quot;SYR\/qamishli&quot;:[&quot;Qamishli (Qami\u015flo), Syria&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/al-hasakeh\/qamishli\/&quot;],&quot;SYR\/hasakah&quot;:[&quot;Hasakah, Syria&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/al-hasakeh\/hasakah\/&quot;],&quot;SYR\/kobani&quot;:[&quot;Koban\u00ee, Syria&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/aleppo\/kobani\/&quot;],&quot;SYR\/afrin&quot;:[&quot;Afrin (Efr\u00een), Syria&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/aleppo\/afrin\/&quot;],&quot;SYR\/aleppo&quot;:[&quot;Aleppo (Sheikh Maqsoud), Syria&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/aleppo\/&quot;],&quot;SYR\/damascus&quot;:[&quot;Damascus (Rukn al-Din), Syria&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/damascus\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/adana&quot;:[&quot;Adana, T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/adana\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/batman&quot;:[&quot;Batman (\u00calih), T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/batman\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/diyarbakir&quot;:[&quot;Diyarbak\u0131r (Amed), T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/diyarbakir\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/hakkari&quot;:[&quot;Hakkari (Colem\u00earg), T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/hakkari\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/istanbul&quot;:[&quot;Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/istanbul\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/izmir&quot;:[&quot;Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/izmir\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/mardin&quot;:[&quot;Mardin (M\u00eard\u00een), T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/mardin\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/mersin&quot;:[&quot;Mersin, T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/mersin\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/sanliurfa&quot;:[&quot;\u015eanl\u0131urfa (Riha), T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/sanliurfa\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/dersim&quot;:[&quot;Dersim (Tunceli), T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/tunceli\/dersim\/&quot;],&quot;TUR\/van&quot;:[&quot;Van (Wan), T\u00fcrkiye&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/van\/&quot;],&quot;ARM\/aknalich&quot;:[&quot;Aknalich, Armenia&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/armavir\/aknalich\/&quot;],&quot;ARM\/yerevan&quot;:[&quot;Yerevan, Armenia&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/yerevan\/&quot;],&quot;AUT\/vienna&quot;:[&quot;Vienna, Austria&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/vienna\/&quot;],&quot;BEL\/brussels&quot;:[&quot;Brussels, Belgium&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/brussels-capital\/brussels\/&quot;],&quot;BEL\/antwerp&quot;:[&quot;Antwerp, Belgium&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/flemish-region\/antwerp\/&quot;],&quot;CAN\/vancouver&quot;:[&quot;Vancouver, Canada&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/british-columbia\/vancouver\/&quot;],&quot;CAN\/toronto&quot;:[&quot;Toronto, Canada&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/ontario\/toronto\/&quot;],&quot;CAN\/ottawa&quot;:[&quot;Ottawa, Canada&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/ontario\/ottawa\/&quot;],&quot;CAN\/london&quot;:[&quot;London, Canada&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/ontario\/london\/&quot;],&quot;CAN\/montreal&quot;:[&quot;Montreal, Canada&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/quebec\/montreal\/&quot;],&quot;DNK\/copenhagen&quot;:[&quot;Copenhagen, Denmark&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/capital-region-of-denmark\/copenhagen\/&quot;],&quot;FRA\/strasbourg&quot;:[&quot;Strasbourg, France&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/grand-est\/strasbourg\/&quot;],&quot;FRA\/paris&quot;:[&quot;Paris, France&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/ile-de-france\/paris\/&quot;],&quot;FRA\/marseille&quot;:[&quot;Marseille, France&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/provence-alpes-cote-dazur\/marseille\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/berlin&quot;:[&quot;Berlin, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/berlin\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/bremen&quot;:[&quot;Bremen, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/bremen\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/hamburg&quot;:[&quot;Hamburg, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/hamburg\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/frankfurt&quot;:[&quot;Frankfurt, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/hesse\/frankfurt\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/hanover&quot;:[&quot;Hanover, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/lower-saxony\/hanover\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/cologne&quot;:[&quot;Cologne, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/north-rhine-westphalia\/cologne\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/dusseldorf&quot;:[&quot;D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/north-rhine-westphalia\/dusseldorf\/&quot;],&quot;DEU\/bielefeld&quot;:[&quot;Bielefeld, Germany&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/north-rhine-westphalia\/bielefeld\/&quot;],&quot;NLD\/amsterdam&quot;:[&quot;Amsterdam, Netherlands&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/north-holland\/amsterdam\/&quot;],&quot;NLD\/the-hague&quot;:[&quot;The Hague, Netherlands&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/south-holland\/the-hague\/&quot;],&quot;NLD\/rotterdam&quot;:[&quot;Rotterdam, Netherlands&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/south-holland\/rotterdam\/&quot;],&quot;SWE\/malmo&quot;:[&quot;Malm\u00f6, Sweden&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/skane\/malmo\/&quot;],&quot;SWE\/stockholm&quot;:[&quot;Stockholm, Sweden&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/stockholm\/&quot;],&quot;SWE\/uppsala&quot;:[&quot;Uppsala, Sweden&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/uppsala\/&quot;],&quot;SWE\/gothenburg&quot;:[&quot;Gothenburg, Sweden&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/vastra-gotaland\/gothenburg\/&quot;],&quot;CHE\/basel&quot;:[&quot;Basel, Switzerland&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/basel-stadt\/basel\/&quot;],&quot;CHE\/geneva&quot;:[&quot;Geneva, Switzerland&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/geneva\/&quot;],&quot;CHE\/zurich&quot;:[&quot;Zurich, Switzerland&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/zurich\/&quot;],&quot;GBR\/london&quot;:[&quot;London, United Kingdom&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/england\/london\/&quot;],&quot;GBR\/manchester&quot;:[&quot;Manchester, United Kingdom&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/england\/manchester\/&quot;],&quot;GBR\/liverpool&quot;:[&quot;Liverpool, United Kingdom&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/england\/liverpool\/&quot;],&quot;GBR\/cardiff&quot;:[&quot;Cardiff, United Kingdom&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/wales\/cardiff\/&quot;],&quot;USA\/san-diego&quot;:[&quot;San Diego, United States&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/california\/san-diego\/&quot;],&quot;USA\/washington-dc-area&quot;:[&quot;Washington DC area, United States&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/district-of-columbia\/washington-dc-area\/&quot;],&quot;USA\/nashville&quot;:[&quot;Nashville, United States&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/tennessee\/nashville\/&quot;],&quot;USA\/dallas&quot;:[&quot;Dallas, United States&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/texas\/dallas\/&quot;],&quot;AUS\/sydney&quot;:[&quot;Sydney, Australia&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/new-south-wales\/sydney\/&quot;],&quot;AUS\/melbourne&quot;:[&quot;Melbourne, Australia&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/victoria\/melbourne\/&quot;],&quot;FIN\/helsinki&quot;:[&quot;Helsinki, Finland&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/uusimaa\/helsinki\/&quot;],&quot;GEO\/tbilisi&quot;:[&quot;Tbilisi, Georgia&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/tbilisi\/&quot;],&quot;GRC\/athens&quot;:[&quot;Athens, Greece&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/attica\/athens\/&quot;],&quot;ISR\/jerusalem&quot;:[&quot;Jerusalem, Israel&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/jerusalem\/&quot;],&quot;JPN\/kawaguchi-and-warabi&quot;:[&quot;Kawaguchi and Warabi, Japan&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/saitama\/kawaguchi-and-warabi\/&quot;],&quot;KAZ\/almaty&quot;:[&quot;Almaty, Kazakhstan&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/almaty\/&quot;],&quot;LBN\/beirut&quot;:[&quot;Beirut, Lebanon&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/beirut\/&quot;],&quot;NOR\/oslo&quot;:[&quot;Oslo, Norway&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/oslo\/&quot;],&quot;RUS\/krasnodar&quot;:[&quot;Krasnodar, Russia&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/krasnodar\/&quot;],&quot;RUS\/moscow&quot;:[&quot;Moscow, Russia&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/moscow\/&quot;],&quot;KGZ\/bishkek&quot;:[&quot;Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan&quot;,&quot;https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/bishkek-city\/bishkek\/&quot;]}}\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<div class=\"pf-live__stage\"><div class=\"pf-live__map\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u56fe\u5c42\"><p class=\"pf-live__msg\" data-map-msg>\u5730\u56fe\u9700\u8981 JavaScript\u3002\u5730\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u5217\u5728\u65c1\u8fb9\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"pf-live__tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-live__btn\" data-map-proj=\"globe\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\u5730\u7403<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-live__btn\" data-map-proj=\"mercator\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\u5e73\u9762<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-live__btn\" data-map-reset>\u91cd\u7f6e\u89c6\u56fe<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-live__side\"><p class=\"pf-live__h\">\u56fe\u5c42<\/p><ul class=\"pf-live__layers\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-live__layer\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"home\" checked><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--home\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u539f\u7c4d\u56fd<\/span><\/label><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"tiers\"><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--tier\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u9879\u76ee\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span><\/label><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"cities\" checked><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--city\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u57ce\u5e02\u9875\u9762<\/span><\/label><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"links\" checked><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--link\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u6765\u81ea\u539f\u7c4d\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8fde\u7ebf<\/span><\/label><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"h3\"><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--h3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u57ce\u5e02\u7d22\u5f15\uff08H3\u5355\u5143\uff09<\/span><\/label><p class=\"pf-live__note\">H3\u7f51\u683c\u5206\u8fa8\u73872\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6309\u5176\u5305\u542b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\u7740\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9875\u9762\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u6570\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"src-earthquakes\" checked><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--quake\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u8fd1\u671f\u5730\u9707<\/span><\/label><p class=\"pf-live__note\">\u8fc7\u53bb 30 \u5929\u5185\u9707\u7ea7 4.5 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\u56f4\u7ed5\u6545\u4e61\u3001\u8de8\u56db\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5212\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6846\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"src-provinces\" checked><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--unit\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u7701\u4efd<\/span><\/label><p class=\"pf-live__note\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u7701\u4efd\uff0c\u5404\u9644\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer is-held\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"src-urban-centres\" disabled><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--city\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span><\/label><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\u7b49\u5f85\u8bb8\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5<\/span><p class=\"pf-live__note\">GHSL\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u9875\u9762\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-live__layer is-held\"><label><input type=\"checkbox\" data-map-layer=\"src-population-density\" disabled><span class=\"pf-live__sw pf-live__sw--grid\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"pf-live__ln\">\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/span><\/label><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\u7b49\u5f85\u8bb8\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5<\/span><p class=\"pf-live__note\">\u56db\u4e2a\u5bb6\u56ed\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5b83\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\n<details class=\"pf-live__places\"><summary>\u672c\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0885\uff09<\/summary><ul role=\"list\"><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/ilam\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u4f0a\u62c9\u59c6<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/kermanshah\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u514b\u5c14\u66fc\u6c99\u963f\uff08Kirma\u015fan\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/kurdistan-province\/sanandaj\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u8428\u5357\u8fbe\u5b63\uff08Sine\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/kurdistan-province\/saqqez\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u8428\u76d6\u5179\uff08Seqiz\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/razavi-khorasan\/quchan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u53e4\u660c\uff08Qo\u00e7an\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/tehran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u5fb7\u9ed1\u5170<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/west-azerbaijan\/mahabad\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u9a6c\u54c8\u5df4\u5fb7<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/west-azerbaijan\/urmia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717\u4e4c\u5c14\u7c73\u8036\uff08\u00dbrmiye\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/al-sulaymaniyah\/sulaymaniyah\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u82cf\u83b1\u66fc\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08Sil\u00eaman\u00ee\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/al-sulaymaniyah\/halabja\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u54c8\u83b1\u535c\u6770<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/baghdad\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u5df4\u683c\u8fbe<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/duhok\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u675c\u80e1\u514b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/erbil\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u57c3\u5c14\u6bd4\u52d2\uff08Hewl\u00ear\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/kirkuk\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u57fa\u5c14\u5e93\u514b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/ninewa\/shingal\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u8f9b\u8d3e\u5c14\uff08Sinjar\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/al-hasakeh\/qamishli\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5361\u7c73\u4ec0\u5229\uff08Qami\u015flo\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/al-hasakeh\/hasakah\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u54c8\u585e\u514b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/aleppo\/kobani\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u79d1\u5df4\u5c3c<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/aleppo\/afrin\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u963f\u592b\u6797\uff08Efr\u00een\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/aleppo\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u963f\u52d2\u9887\uff08\u8c22\u8d6b\u9a6c\u514b\u82cf\u5fb7\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/damascus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5927\u9a6c\u58eb\u9769\uff08\u9c81\u6606\u4e01\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/adana\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u963f\u8fbe\u7eb3<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/batman\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5df4\u7279\u66fc\uff08\u00calih\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/diyarbakir\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8fea\u4e9a\u5df4\u514b\u5c14\uff08Amed\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/hakkari\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u54c8\u5361\u91cc\uff08Colem\u00earg\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/istanbul\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/izmir\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4f0a\u5179\u5bc6\u5c14<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/mardin\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u9a6c\u5c14\u4e01\uff08M\u00eard\u00een\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/mersin\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6885\u5c14\u8f9b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/sanliurfa\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5c1a\u52d2\u4e4c\u5c14\u6cd5\uff08Riha\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/tunceli\/dersim\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5fb7\u897f\u59c6\uff08\u901a\u6770\u5229\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/van\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176\u51e1\u57ce\uff08Wan\uff09<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/armavir\/aknalich\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u963f\u514b\u7eb3\u5229\u5947<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/yerevan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u57c3\u91cc\u6e29<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/vienna\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/brussels-capital\/brussels\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/flemish-region\/antwerp\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5b89\u7279\u536b\u666e<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/british-columbia\/vancouver\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6e29\u54e5\u534e<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/ontario\/toronto\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u4f26\u591a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/ontario\/ottawa\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6e25\u592a\u534e<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/ontario\/london\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4f26\u6566<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/quebec\/montreal\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8499\u7279\u5229\u5c14<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/capital-region-of-denmark\/copenhagen\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4e39\u9ea6\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/grand-est\/strasbourg\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/ile-de-france\/paris\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/provence-alpes-cote-dazur\/marseille\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6cd5\u56fd\u9a6c\u8d5b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/berlin\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u67cf\u6797<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/bremen\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0d\u6765\u6885<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/hamburg\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/hesse\/frankfurt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/lower-saxony\/hanover\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u8bfa\u5a01<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/north-rhine-westphalia\/cologne\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u9686<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/north-rhine-westphalia\/dusseldorf\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u675c\u585e\u5c14\u591a\u592b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/north-rhine-westphalia\/bielefeld\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u6bd4\u52d2\u8d39\u5c14\u5fb7<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/north-holland\/amsterdam\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u8377\u5170\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/south-holland\/the-hague\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u8377\u5170\u6d77\u7259<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/south-holland\/rotterdam\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u8377\u5170\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/skane\/malmo\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u5178\u9a6c\u5c14\u9ed8<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/stockholm\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u5178\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/uppsala\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u5178\u4e4c\u666e\u8428\u62c9<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/vastra-gotaland\/gothenburg\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u5178\u54e5\u5fb7\u5821<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/basel-stadt\/basel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u58eb\u5df4\u585e\u5c14<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/geneva\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u58eb\u65e5\u5185\u74e6<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/zurich\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u58eb\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/england\/london\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/england\/manchester\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u82f1\u56fd\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/england\/liverpool\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u82f1\u56fd\u5229\u7269\u6d66<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/wales\/cardiff\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u82f1\u56fd\u52a0\u7684\u592b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/california\/san-diego\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u8fed\u6208<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/district-of-columbia\/washington-dc-area\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u5730\u533a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/tennessee\/nashville\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u7eb3\u4ec0\u7ef4\u5c14<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/texas\/dallas\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fbe\u62c9\u65af<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/new-south-wales\/sydney\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6089\u5c3c<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/victoria\/melbourne\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u58a8\u5c14\u672c<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/uusimaa\/helsinki\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u82ac\u5170\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/tbilisi\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\u7b2c\u6bd4\u5229\u65af<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/attica\/athens\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5e0c\u814a\u96c5\u5178<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/jerusalem\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/saitama\/kawaguchi-and-warabi\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u65e5\u672c\u5ddd\u53e3\u548c\u8568<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/almaty\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u963f\u62c9\u6728\u56fe<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/beirut\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u8d1d\u9c81\u7279<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/oslo\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u632a\u5a01\u5965\u65af\u9646<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/krasnodar\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u514b\u62c9\u65af\u8bfa\u8fbe\u5c14<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/moscow\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u83ab\u65af\u79d1<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/bishkek-city\/bishkek\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766\u6bd4\u4ec0\u51ef\u514b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/details>\n<p class=\"pf-live__attr\">\u5730\u56fe\uff1aOpenFreeMap\u3001OpenMapTiles\uff0c\u6570\u636e \u00a9 OpenStreetMap \u8d21\u732e\u8005\uff08ODbL\uff09\u3002\u8fb9\u754c\uff1aNatural Earth\u3002\u5730\u70b9\uff1a\u5e73\u53f0\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s2\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">02<\/span>\u6700\u65b0\u6761\u76ee<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u4e5f\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u51fa\u5176\u6700\u65b0\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u8bfb\u8005\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n  <table class=\"pf-table\"><caption>\u8fd1\u671f\u5730\u9707<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u65e5\u671f<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u5730\u70b9<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u9707\u7ea7<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody translate=\"no\"><tr><td>2026-10-04<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000tzip\">21 km ESE of Feke, Turkey<\/a><\/td><td>M5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2026-10-04<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000tzil\">22 km E of Feke, Turkey<\/a><\/td><td>M4.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2026-10-04<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000tzif\">21 km SSE of Saimbeyli, Turkey<\/a><\/td><td>M4.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2026-09-24<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000tx9u\">20 km SW of Hilvan, Turkey<\/a><\/td><td>M5.1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table class=\"pf-table\"><caption>\u7701\u4efd<\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u56fd\u5bb6<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u5355\u5143<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u8bb8\u53ef<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody translate=\"no\"><tr><td>TUR<\/td><td>81 provinces<\/td><td>Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IRQ<\/td><td>18 provinces<\/td><td>CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYR<\/td><td>14 provinces<\/td><td>Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IRN<\/td><td>32 provinces<\/td><td>Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s3\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">03<\/span>\u56fe\u5c42\u767b\u8bb0\u518c<\/h2>\n  \n  <div class=\"pf-table-wrap\"><table class=\"pf-table\">\n  \n  <thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">\u56fe\u5c42<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u6765\u6e90<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u8bb8\u53ef<\/th><th scope=\"col\">\u72b6\u6001<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n  <tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u8fd1\u671f\u5730\u9707<\/th><td>USGS\u5730\u9707\u76ee\u5f55\uff08FDSN\u4e8b\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\uff09<\/td><td>\u516c\u6709\u9886\u57df\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\uff1b\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904<\/td><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--ok\">\u5df2\u663e\u793a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u5f53\u524d\u707e\u5bb3<\/th><td>ReliefWeb disasters API<\/td><td>\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\u5373\u53ef\u590d\u7528\uff1b\u6bcf\u4efd\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u9002\u7528\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff08\u5f85\u6838\u5b9e\uff09<\/td><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\u7b49\u5f85\u8bb8\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u7701\u4efd<\/th><td>geoBoundaries \u5f00\u653e\u884c\u653f\u8fb9\u754c\uff08gbOpen\uff09<\/td><td>\u6309\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e geoBoundaries \u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u4f0a\u6717 ODbL 1.0\uff08OpenStreetMap\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab\uff09\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176 CC BY-SA 2.0\uff08OpenStreetMap\uff09\uff0c\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b CC0 1.0\uff0c\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a CC BY 3.0 IGO\uff08UN OCHA\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab\u6761\u6b3e\u9700\u8981\u5ba1\u67e5<\/td><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--ok\">\u5df2\u663e\u793a<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/th><td>GHSL Urban Centre Database<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0\uff08\u6b27\u76df\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u7248\u672c\u5f85\u6838\u5b9e<\/td><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\u7b49\u5f85\u8bb8\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/th><td>WorldPop \u683c\u7f51\u4eba\u53e3<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><td><span class=\"pf-status pf-status--pending\">\u7b49\u5f85\u8bb8\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s4\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">04<\/span>\u6765\u6e90\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u56fe<\/h2>\n  \n  <section class=\"pf-scn\" data-pf-scn=\"figure\" aria-label=\"\u4ece\u6765\u6e90\u5230\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6570\u636e\">\n<header class=\"pf-scn__head\"><div><p class=\"pf-scn__eb\">\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p><h3 class=\"pf-scn__title\">\u4ece\u6765\u6e90\u5230\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h3><p class=\"pf-scn__lede\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u53e3\u5f84\u3001\u5e74\u4efd\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-scn__status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span class=\"pf-scn__dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span data-scn-status>7\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p><\/header>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__bar\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"play\">\u8fd0\u884c<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"prev\" aria-label=\"\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\">\u2039<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"next\" aria-label=\"\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\">\u203a<\/button><input class=\"pf-scn__scrub\" type=\"range\" min=\"0\" max=\"7\" value=\"0\" step=\"1\" aria-label=\"\u6b65\u9aa4\"><span class=\"pf-scn__count\" data-scn-count>0 \/ 7<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-scn__btn\" data-scn-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"\u91cd\u7f6e\">\u91cd\u7f6e<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-scn__body\"><div class=\"pf-scn__stage\"><svg class=\"pf-scn__svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 796 590\" width=\"796\" height=\"590\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u4ece\u6765\u6e90\u5230\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a7\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\"><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"20\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"574\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"32\" y=\"30\">\u7814\u7a76<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"212\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"574\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"224\" y=\"30\">\u6765\u6e90\u767b\u8bb0\u518c<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"404\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"574\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"416\" y=\"30\">\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__lane\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__lane-bg\" x=\"596\" y=\"8\" width=\"180\" height=\"574\" rx=\"6\"><\/rect><text class=\"pf-scn__lane-t\" x=\"608\" y=\"30\">\u9875\u9762<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"1\"><path d=\"M198 77 C206 77 206 151 214 151\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"2\"><path d=\"M390 151 C398 151 398 225 406 225\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"3\"><path d=\"M406 225 C302 225 302 299 198 299\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"4\"><path d=\"M110 328 L110 344\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"5\"><path d=\"M198 373 C398 373 398 447 598 447\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge\" data-scn-to=\"6\"><path d=\"M598 447 C398 447 398 521 198 521\"><\/path><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__edge pf-scn__edge--return\" data-scn-to=\"3\"><path d=\"M198 521 C216 521 216 299 198 299\"><\/path><text x=\"220\" y=\"410\">\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u653e<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--start\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"48\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 70)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"68\">01 \u00b7 \u5f00\u59cb<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"88\">\u5df2\u627e\u5230\u6765\u6e90<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--record\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"214\" y=\"122\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(234 144)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"250\" y=\"142\">02 \u00b7 \u8bb0\u5f55<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"250\" y=\"162\">\u5df2\u767b\u8bb0<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--gate\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"406\" y=\"196\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(426 218)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"442\" y=\"216\">03 \u00b7 \u5173\u5361<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"442\" y=\"236\">\u6765\u6e90\u5df2\u6279\u51c6<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--record\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"270\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 292)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"290\">04 \u00b7 \u8bb0\u5f55<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"310\">\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--gate\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"344\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 366)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"364\">05 \u00b7 \u5173\u5361<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"384\">\u6838\u5b9e<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--end\" data-scn-step=\"5\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"598\" y=\"418\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(618 440)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"634\" y=\"438\">06 \u00b7 \u6210\u679c<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"634\" y=\"458\">\u8fde\u540c\u6807\u7b7e\u663e\u793a<\/text><\/g><g class=\"pf-scn__node pf-scn__node--step\" data-scn-step=\"6\" data-state=\"queued\" tabindex=\"-1\"><rect class=\"pf-scn__card\" x=\"22\" y=\"492\" width=\"176\" height=\"58\" rx=\"5\"><\/rect><g class=\"pf-scn__ic\" transform=\"translate(42 514)\"><circle class=\"pf-scn__ic-ring\" r=\"7\"><\/circle><path class=\"pf-scn__ic-ok\" d=\"M-3.4 0.2 L-1 2.6 L3.6 -2.4\"><\/path><\/g><text class=\"pf-scn__card-k\" x=\"58\" y=\"512\">07 \u00b7 \u6b65\u9aa4<\/text><text class=\"pf-scn__card-t\" x=\"58\" y=\"532\">\u66f4\u6b63<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"pf-scn__side\"><p class=\"pf-scn__side-h\">\u8fd0\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p><ol class=\"pf-scn__steps\"><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"0\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">01 \u00b7 \u7814\u7a76<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u5df2\u627e\u5230\u6765\u6e90<\/h4><p>\u7edf\u8ba1\u793e\u7fa4\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u673a\u6784\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"1\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">02 \u00b7 \u6765\u6e90\u767b\u8bb0\u518c<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u5df2\u767b\u8bb0<\/h4><p>\u5f55\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u8bb8\u53ef\u3001\u7f72\u540d\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p><dl class=\"pf-scn__meta\"><div><dt>\u8bb0\u5f55<\/dt><dd>\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5ba1\u67e5<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"2\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">03 \u00b7 \u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u6765\u6e90\u5df2\u6279\u51c6<\/h4><p>\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5728\u767b\u8bb0\u518c\u4e2d\u6279\u51c6\u8be5\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p><dl class=\"pf-scn__meta\"><div><dt>\u89c4\u5219<\/dt><dd>\u53ea\u6709\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e APPROVED\uff0c\u5e76\u987b\u9644\u767b\u8bb0\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"3\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">04 \u00b7 \u7814\u7a76<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h4><p>\u6570\u503c\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u53e3\u5f84\u3001\u5e74\u4efd\u3001\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\uff1a\u5df2\u6838\u5b9e\u3001\u4e8c\u624b\u6765\u6e90\u6216\u5f85\u6838\u5b9e\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"4\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">05 \u00b7 \u7814\u7a76<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u6838\u5b9e<\/h4><p>\u5df2\u5bf9\u7167\u6765\u6e90\u6838\u67e5\uff1b\u672a\u51b3\u4e8b\u9879\u8fdb\u5165\u6838\u5b9e\u961f\u5217\u3002<\/p><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"5\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">06 \u00b7 \u9875\u9762<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u8fde\u540c\u6807\u7b7e\u663e\u793a<\/h4><p>\u6bcf\u9879\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u9644\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u53e3\u5f84\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p><dl class=\"pf-scn__meta\"><div><dt>\u89c4\u5219<\/dt><dd>\u4e0d\u540c\u53e3\u5f84\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7edd\u4e0d\u76f8\u52a0\u3002\u672a\u77e5\u5373\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/li><li class=\"pf-scn__step\" data-scn-step=\"6\" data-state=\"queued\"><p class=\"pf-scn__step-k\">07 \u00b7 \u7814\u7a76<\/p><h4 class=\"pf-scn__step-t\">\u66f4\u6b63<\/h4><p>\u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u653e\u5ba1\u6838\uff1b\u4fee\u6539\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"pf-scn__src\">\u5e73\u53f0\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section><details class=\"pf-cite\" id=\"cite\"><summary>\u5f15\u7528\u672c\u9875<\/summary><div class=\"pf-cite__body\"><dl class=\"pf-cite__list\">\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">APA<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-apa\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). <i>Maps and layers<\/i>. kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/maps\/<\/a><\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-apa\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u590d\u5236<\/span><span hidden>\u5df2\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">Chicago<\/dt><dd><p class=\"pf-cite__text\" id=\"pf-cite-chicago\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. \u201cMaps and Layers.\u201d kurds.global. <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/\">https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/maps\/<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-chicago\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u590d\u5236<\/span><span hidden>\u5df2\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">BibTeX<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" translate=\"no\">@misc{kco2026_research_maps,\n\tauthor = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},\n\tyear = {2026},\n\tnote = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},\n\ttitle = {Maps and layers},\n\turl = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/maps\/},\n\thowpublished = {https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/maps\/},\n}\n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-bibtex\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u590d\u5236<\/span><span hidden>\u5df2\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_research_maps.bib\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_research_maps.bib\" download=\"kco2026_research_maps.bib\">\u4e0b\u8f7d <span translate=\"no\">.bib<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<div class=\"pf-cite__row\"><dt translate=\"no\">RIS<\/dt><dd><pre class=\"pf-cite__code\" id=\"pf-cite-ris\" translate=\"no\">TY  - ELEC\nAU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization\nDA  - 2026\/\/\/\nPY  - 2026\nID  - kco2026_research_map\nN1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0\nTI  - Maps and layers\nUR  - https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/maps\/\nER  - \n<\/pre><p class=\"pf-cite__tools\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"pf-cite__copy\" data-pf-copy=\"pf-cite-ris\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><span>\u590d\u5236<\/span><span hidden>\u5df2\u590d\u5236<\/span><\/button><a class=\"pf-cite__dl\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/wp-content\/plugins\/kurds-site-kit\/assets\/cite\/kco2026_research_maps.ris\" data-pf-asset=\"cite\/kco2026_research_maps.ris\" download=\"kco2026_research_maps.ris\">\u4e0b\u8f7d <span translate=\"no\">.ris<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/dd><\/div>\n<\/dl><p class=\"pf-cite__meta\">\u8bb8\u53ef <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" translate=\"no\" rel=\"license\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><section class=\"pf-section\" id=\"s5\">\n  <h2 class=\"pf-h2\"><span class=\"pf-num\">05<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u6765\u6e90<\/h2>\n  <p class=\"pf-intro\">\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u9875\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8fd1\u671f\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5b66\u672f\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u4ec5\u542b\u5143\u6570\u636e\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u6807\u9898\u4fdd\u6301\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u7684\u539f\u6837\u3002\u5c1a\u672a\u5ba1\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n  <ol class=\"pf-srchub\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781503644502-005\" rel=\"noopener\">Map of Greater Kurdistan Geography<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">F\u0131rat Boz\u00e7ali \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Stanford University Press eBooks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u5206\u4f1a<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.11.20.25340675\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cDistribution, genetic polymorphism and genotype prediction of rhesus blood group antigens among the Kurdish population of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Shakir A. Zebari, Sawer Ahmed, Ibrahim Naqid et al. \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 openRxiv<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u9884\u5370\u672c<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Europe PMC<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u5f00\u653e\u83b7\u53d6<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__l\" translate=\"no\">CC-BY-4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25212\/lfu.qzj.8.1.26\" rel=\"noopener\">Evaluating The Use of Maps in Social Sciences \/ Geography Books in The Kurdistan Region \/ Iraq<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2023 \u00b7 Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3126\/ajms.v5i3.9151\" rel=\"noopener\">Distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in a major ethnic group of the West Iran, the Kurdish population<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Zahra Ghobadian \u00b7 2014 \u00b7 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">DOAJ<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u5f00\u653e\u83b7\u53d6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26750\/yc5nk635\" rel=\"noopener\">The Sixth Parliamentary Election of Kurdistan: Results and Implications (A Study in Political Geography)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Unknown Author \u00b7 2025 \u00b7 Journal of Raparin University<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2747\/1538-7216.43.4.271\" rel=\"noopener\">The Political Geography of Kurdistan<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Carl T. Dahlman \u00b7 2002 \u00b7 Eurasian Geography and Economics<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAlex<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31826\/9781463243586-023\" rel=\"noopener\">20. ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF YEZIDIS: LAW, GEOGRAPHY AND CONFESSION-BUILDING IN EARLY MODERN KURDISTAN (SIXTEENTHEIGHTEENTH CENTURIES)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Yavuz Aykan \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Gorgias Press<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u5f00\u653e\u83b7\u53d6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78837-7_5\" rel=\"noopener\">Pronominal Clitics Across Kurdish: Areal Distribution, Structural Variation, and Diachrony<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Ergin \u00d6pengin, Masoud Mohammadirad \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Structural and Typological Variation in the Dialects of Kurdish<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u5206\u4f1a<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0374.2006.00141.x\" rel=\"noopener\">Territorial bounds to virtual space: transnational online and offline networks of Iranian and Turkish\u2013Kurdish immigrants in the Netherlands<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">MATTHIJS VAN DEN BOS, LIZA NELL \u00b7 2006 \u00b7 Global Networks<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03630269.2020.1797772\" rel=\"noopener\">Distribution of HBB Gene Mutations in the Kurdish Population of Ilam Province, West Iran<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Keivan Moradi, Mozaffar Aznab, Susan Tahmasebi et al. \u00b7 2020 \u00b7 Hemoglobin<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">Crossref<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31918\/twejer\/2253.1\" rel=\"noopener\">Kurds in the Geography of the Safavid State (1501-1722)<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">Khalil Ali Murad, Niamat Shahab Haji \u00b7 2022 \u00b7 Twejer<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u5f00\u653e\u83b7\u53d6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><li class=\"pf-srchub__item\">\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__t\" translate=\"no\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31918\/twejer.2584.eli.10\" rel=\"noopener\">Legal Obstacles to Water Harvesting in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Their Legislative Treatment: A Legal Geography Study<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__m\" translate=\"no\">2025 \u00b7 Twejer<\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-srchub__b\"><span class=\"pf-srchub__k\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__src\" translate=\"no\">OpenAIRE<\/span><span class=\"pf-srchub__oa\">\u5f00\u653e\u83b7\u53d6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"pf-srchub__foot\">\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u8bb8\u53ef\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u65e5\u671f\uff1a <span translate=\"no\">Crossref (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.crossref.org\/documentation\/retrieve-metadata\/rest-api\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown<\/a>), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (<a href=\"https:\/\/doaj.org\/terms\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences<\/a>), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (<a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/Copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">Metadata reusable; full text under each article&#8217;s licence<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (<a href=\"https:\/\/graph.openaire.eu\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)<\/a>), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (<a href=\"https:\/\/help.openalex.org\/access\/pricing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)<\/a>), 2026-10-23.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<aside class=\"pf-closing\" aria-label=\"\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5efa\u8bbe\"><div class=\"pf-closing__text\"><h2 class=\"pf-closing__title\">\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u5efa\u8bbe<\/h2><p>\u6210\u4e3a\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u6216\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u60a8\u6240\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5206\u4eab\u4ec0\u4e48\u7531\u60a8\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p><\/div><p class=\"pf-actions\"><a class=\"pf-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/join\/\" data-pf-auth=\"guest\">\u52a0\u5165<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/members\/me\/\" data-pf-auth=\"member\">\u60a8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599<\/a><a class=\"pf-btn pf-btn--ghost\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\">\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec<\/a><\/p><\/aside><\/div><footer class=\"pf-netfoot pf-nf\" aria-label=\"\u7f51\u7edc\">\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__id\"><a class=\"pf-netfoot__brand\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/\"><svg class=\"pf-mark pf-mark--kilim\" viewBox=\"-5.6 -5.6 11.2 11.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" shape-rendering=\"crispEdges\"><g><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-5.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-4.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-5.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"11\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-4.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"9\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"3.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m1\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-3.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-3.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"7\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-2.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"-1.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-2.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"5\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-1.5\" y=\"0.5\" width=\"3\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"1.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m2\"\/><rect x=\"-0.5\" y=\"-0.5\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" class=\"m0\"\/><\/g><\/svg><span>KCO<\/span><\/a><p class=\"pf-netfoot__name\">\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">KCO<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/\">\u9996\u9875<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/the-community\/\">\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/federation\/\">\u8054\u5408\u4f1a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/country-programmes\/\">\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/calendar\/\">\u65e5\u5386<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/search\/\">\u641c\u7d22<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u9886\u57df<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/learn\/zh\/\">\u5b66\u82d1<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/heritage\/zh\/\">\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/language\/zh\/\">\u8bed\u8a00<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/\">\u7814\u7a76<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/opportunities\/zh\/\">\u673a\u4f1a<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/civic\/zh\/\">\u516c\u6c11<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/development\/zh\/\">\u53d1\u5c55<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/zh\/\">\u65b0\u95fb\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/areas\/\">\u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u57df<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col pf-netfoot__col--countries\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee<\/h2><dl class=\"pf-netfoot__regions\"><div><dt>\u975e\u6d32<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/egypt\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u57c3\u53ca<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u4e9a\u592a<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/australia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/japan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u65e5\u672c<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/new-zealand\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u65b0\u897f\u5170<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/azerbaijan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/georgia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/armenia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u4e2d\u4e9a<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kazakhstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/kyrgyzstan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u65af\u5766<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkmenistan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u5e93\u66fc\u65af\u5766<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u6b27\u6d32<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/austria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5965\u5730\u5229<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/belgium\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/denmark\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4e39\u9ea6<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/germany\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5fb7\u56fd<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/france\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u6cd5\u56fd<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/finland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u82ac\u5170<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/netherlands\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u8377\u5170<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/norway\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u632a\u5a01<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/sweden\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u5178<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/switzerland\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u745e\u58eb<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/cyprus\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/greece\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5e0c\u814a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/italy\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u610f\u5927\u5229<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-kingdom\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u82f1\u56fd<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0e\u4e2d\u4e9a<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/russia\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u4e2d\u4e1c<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-arab-emirates\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8054\u5408\u914b\u957f\u56fd<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/lebanon\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/turkiye\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u571f\u8033\u5176<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/syria\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iraq\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/iran\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4f0a\u6717<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/israel\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u4ee5\u8272\u5217<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/jordan\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u7ea6\u65e6<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>\u5317\u7f8e<\/dt><dd><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/canada\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a> <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/united-states\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u7f8e\u56fd<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u53c2\u4e0e<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/membership\/\">\u4f1a\u5458<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/join\/\">\u52a0\u5165<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/get-involved\/\">\u53c2\u4e0e<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"guest\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/login\/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fkurds.global%2Fzh%2Fstart%2F\" rel=\"noopener\">\u767b\u5f55<\/a><\/li><li data-pf-auth=\"member\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/start\/\">\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/contact\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"pf-netfoot__col\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/zh\/protected-participation\/\">\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u53c2\u4e0e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7ae0\u7a0b<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/zh\/corrections\/\">\u66f4\u6b63<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/news\/zh\/verification\/\">\u6838\u5b9e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"pf-netfoot__langs\"><h2 class=\"pf-netfoot__h\">\u8bed\u8a00<\/h2><ul class=\"pf-nf__langs\" data-pf-langs=\"\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">English<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/kmr\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"kmr\" lang=\"kmr\" dir=\"ltr\">Kurmanc\u00ee<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ckb\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ckb\" lang=\"ckb\" dir=\"rtl\">\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0648\u06d5\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ar\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/fa\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\" dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/tr\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\" dir=\"ltr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/az\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"az\" lang=\"az\" dir=\"ltr\">Az\u0259rbaycanca<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/de\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"de\" lang=\"de\" dir=\"ltr\">Deutsch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/es\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\" dir=\"ltr\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/fr\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\" dir=\"ltr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/hi\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"hi\" lang=\"hi\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/id\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"id\" lang=\"id\" dir=\"ltr\">Bahasa Indonesia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/it\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"it\" lang=\"it\" dir=\"ltr\">Italiano<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ja\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ja\" lang=\"ja\" dir=\"ltr\">\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ko\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ko\" lang=\"ko\" dir=\"ltr\">\ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/pt\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"pt\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\">Portugu\u00eas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/ru\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"ru\" lang=\"ru\" dir=\"ltr\">\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/\" hreflang=\"zh\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-current=\"true\">\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__legal\"><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">The Kurdish Cooperation Organization (KCO)<\/span> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/guide\/charter-of-the-kurdish-cooperation-organization-kco\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u7ae0\u7a0b\u7248\u672c<\/a> <span class=\"pf-nf__ver\" dir=\"ltr\">1.0.0.1<\/span><\/p>\n  <p class=\"pf-netfoot__pos\">\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u5408\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u4e92\u52a9\uff08peer-to-peer\uff09\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u3002 <a class=\"pf-xlang\" href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/about-this-network\/\" hreflang=\"en\" data-pf-xlang=\"English\">\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<span class=\"pf-xlang__tag\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" translate=\"no\">English<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KCOkurds.global KCO\u7814\u7a76 \u7f51\u7edc \u9886\u57df 01\u5b66\u82d1 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bed\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u8df5\u793e\u7fa4\u3002 02\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7 \u4ece\u624e\u683c\u7f57\u65af\u5c71\u8109\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4e0e\u996e\u98df\u3002 03\u8bed\u8a00 \u5e93\u5c14\u66fc\u5409\u8bed\u3001\u7d22\u62c9\u5c3c\u8bed\u3001\u624e\u624e\u8bed\u3001\u5357\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u53e4\u62c9\u5c3c\u8bed\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u3002 04\u7814\u7a76 \u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ad9\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u4e66\u76ee\u548c\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u3002 05\u673a\u4f1a \u751f\u8ba1\u3001\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u5bfc\u5e08\u8f85\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002 06\u516c\u6c11 \u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6743\u5229\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u65e0\u56fd\u7c4d\u95ee\u9898\u63f4\u52a9\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002 07\u53d1\u5c55 \u9762\u5411\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u751f\u8ba1\u548c\u707e\u5bb3\u9632\u5907\u3002 08\u65b0\u95fb\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8 \u6bcf\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u548c\u5730\u533a\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u5386\u3002 KCO \u9996\u9875 \u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee \u5de5\u4f5c\u9886\u57df \u65e5\u5386 \u5e93\u5c14\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4 \u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee \u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee \u5168\u90e835\u4e2a\u56fd\u522b\u9879\u76ee \u672c\u7ad9 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/zh\/maps\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Maps and layers&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":60,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-212","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/60"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurds.global\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}