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Development

Climate and water

Water and heat shape life across Kurdistan, from the Tigris and Euphrates to Lake Urmia and the Zagros forests. This programme explains these risks in words and points to the sources.

Register interestAll of Development

Status
In preparation
What it offers
4
Courses
4
Country programmes
35
Before you begin The Kurdish Cooperation Organization is a federation of communities that learn from one another. It is not a university, claims no public authority and serves no government, party or faith body.Contested subjectSafety

Courses are written and reviewed by peers. Outlines are drafts until expert review.

In context

  • Contested subject This subject is contested. Every side is shown with its sources, and nothing here endorses a position.
  • Safety Safety guidance here is general. Your risk depends on who you are and where you are. Protected participation explains how members are protected. Protected participation

How this page handles evidence

Every figure carries its measure, year, source and label. Unknown is shown as unknown.

Verified
A label: the item matches its primary record, such as the official table or the Crossref entry.
Secondary source
A label: the figure comes from a reliable report about the source, not from the source itself.
To verify
A label: the item is listed as found and still needs checking against its source.

Sources

Open scholarly records on this subject, from approved indexes. Listed for reference, not yet reviewed.

  1. Dass Foundation for Research and Development (2026). Application of Markov Chain Modeling for Assessing Rainfall Dynamics and Drought Probability in the Kurdistan Region (2026–2041). Zenodo. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19581174
  2. Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Zhian Ahmed, Jehan Suleimany (2025). The Drought Hazard and Drought Risk Indices for Mandawa Basins in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences. DOI 10.17656/sjes.102006
  3. Unknown Author (2025). Geographical Analysis of Dams and Lakes and Their Role in Developing Water Tourism in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Raparin University. DOI 10.26750/axbqmf68
  4. M. Ahmadi, H. Ramezani Etedali, A. Kaviai et al. (2023). Evaluation of TRMM and ECMWF Data for Drought Time Monitoring (Case Study: Kurdistan Province). Journal of Water and Soil Science. DOI 10.47176/jwss.27.1.50621
  5. Shevan Jameel Jirjees (2024). Climatic Parameters Use for Evaluating Water Budget and Drought Analysis in Erbil Sub-basin, Kurdistan Region, Northern-Iraq. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. DOI 10.21271/zjpas.36.5.5

Cite this page

Perspectives and disputes

Contested subjects show every side with sources. Nothing here endorses a position.

A map of the main positions, each with its own sources, is in preparation.

Report an error What we are and are not

01What it offers

  • 01

    Rivers and dams

    How dams on the Tigris and Euphrates affect people upstream and downstream, with every side’s view.

  • 02

    Drought

    What drought means for farms, springs and villages.

  • 03

    Heat and dust

    How to protect health during heatwaves and dust storms.

  • 04

    Lakes and forests

    The state of Lake Urmia and the Zagros forests, as the sources describe it.

02Who it is for

  • Farmers and rural families
  • Students and researchers
  • Diaspora families with relatives at home
  • Teachers

03How it works

Learn
take the courses on water and climate.
Read
follow each guide to its sources.
Prepare
use the heat and dust advice.
Discuss
raise questions in a moderated session.

04What it always keeps

  • No figure is shown without its measure, year and source
  • Contested water questions show every side
  • No state or actor is blamed without sources
  • Unknown is shown as unknown

05Courses

06More in Development

  • In preparation

    Family preparedness

    Plans for emergencies abroad and for relatives at home.

  • In preparation

    Continuity

    Keeping community organisations running through disruption.

  • In preparation

    Earthquakes

    Seismic risk along the Zagros and Anatolian fault zones, and how to prepare.

  • In preparation

    Crisis information

    Verified information during crises and internet shutdowns.

  • In preparation

    Humanitarian coordination

    How humanitarian aid reaches people, and how to give through lawful, open channels.

  • In preparation

    Displacement and return

    Information for displaced people and for those helping them.

Cite this page
APA

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). Climate and water. kurds.global. https://kurds.global/development/climate-and-water/

Chicago

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. “Climate and Water.” kurds.global. https://kurds.global/development/climate-and-water/.

BibTeX
@misc{kco2026_development_climate_and_water,
	author = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Climate and water},
	url = {https://kurds.global/development/climate-and-water/},
	howpublished = {https://kurds.global/development/climate-and-water/},
}

Download .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - kco2026_development_
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Climate and water
UR  - https://kurds.global/development/climate-and-water/
ER  -

Download .ris

Licence CC BY 4.0

07Learn in the Academy

Courses and disciplines of the Academy on the subject of this page.

Courses

Disciplines

A completion record shows what was studied and assessed. It is not a certificate or a qualification.

All disciplines

08Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

  1. Application of Markov Chain Modeling for Assessing Rainfall Dynamics and Drought Probability in the Kurdistan Region (2026–2041)

    Dass Foundation for Research and Development · 2026 · Zenodo

    ArticleDataCiteZenodoOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  2. The Drought Hazard and Drought Risk Indices for Mandawa Basins in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region

    Department of Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Zhian Ahmed, Jehan Suleimany · 2025 · Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences

    ArticleCrossrefOpenAIREOpen access

  3. Geographical Analysis of Dams and Lakes and Their Role in Developing Water Tourism in The Kurdistan Region of Iraq

    Unknown Author · 2025 · Journal of Raparin University

    ArticleCrossref

  4. Evaluation of TRMM and ECMWF Data for Drought Time Monitoring (Case Study: Kurdistan Province)

    M. Ahmadi, H. Ramezani Etedali, A. Kaviai et al. · 2023 · Journal of Water and Soil Science

    ArticleCrossrefDOAJOpenAIREOpen access

  5. Climatic Parameters Use for Evaluating Water Budget and Drought Analysis in Erbil Sub-basin, Kurdistan Region, Northern-Iraq

    Shevan Jameel Jirjees · 2024 · Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

  6. STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE THE OCCURRENCE OF SAND AND DUST STORMS IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ

    ZANIST HAMA-AZIZ · 2022 · Pollution Research

    ArticleCrossref

  7. Response to drought stress of two strawberry cultivars (cv. Kurdistan and Selva)

    Nasser Ghaderi, Adell Siosemardeh · 2011 · Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology

    ArticleCrossrefOpenAIRE

  8. Hydrometeorological Data Analysis and Drought Indices of Rawandoz Area, Iraqi-Kurdistan Region

    Shevan J. Jirjees, Imaddadin O. Hassan, Shwan O. Seeyan · 2022 · ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES

    ArticleCrossrefDOAJOpen access

  9. Exposure to climate-related stressors undermines mental health in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: a cross-sectional study.

    Kizilhan JI, Al-Ghurbani S, Uricher J et al. · 2025 · Front Public Health

    ArticleEurope PMCOpen access

  10. Effect of Drought on Vegetation Cover Using MODIS Sensing Images Case : Kurdistan Province

    shosein mirmosavei, hamideh kareimei · 2013 · جغرافیا و توسعه

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

  11. In Vitro Evaluation of Iraqi Kurdistan Tomato Accessions Under Drought Stress Conditions Using Polyethylene Glycol-6000

    Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir, Kamaran Salh Rasul, Djshwar Dhahir Lateef et al. · 2024 · Life

    ArticleDOAJOpen access

  12. Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Water Resources of Lesser Zab, Kurdistan, Iraq Using SWAT Model

    Nahlah Abbasa, Saleh A. Wasimi, Nadhir Abbas Al-Ansari · 2016 · Engineering

    ArticleOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY

Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.

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