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Development

Displacement and return

Displacement has marked Kurdish life in every part of Kurdistan. This programme gives information to displaced people and to those helping them, including on return.

Register interestAll of Development

Status
In preparation
What it offers
4
Courses
2
Country programmes
35
Before you begin The Kurdish Cooperation Organization is a federation of communities that learn from one another. It is not a university, claims no public authority and serves no government, party or faith body.Migration and statusSafety

Courses are written and reviewed by peers. Outlines are drafts until expert review.

In context

  • Migration and status Rules on residence, asylum and status differ by country and change often. This is not immigration advice. Ask a regulated adviser where you live.
  • Safety Safety guidance here is general. Your risk depends on who you are and where you are. Protected participation explains how members are protected. Protected participation

How this page handles evidence

Every figure carries its measure, year, source and label. Unknown is shown as unknown.

Verified
A label: the item matches its primary record, such as the official table or the Crossref entry.
Secondary source
A label: the figure comes from a reliable report about the source, not from the source itself.
To verify
A label: the item is listed as found and still needs checking against its source.

Sources

Open scholarly records on this subject, from approved indexes. Listed for reference, not yet reviewed.

  1. Kerem Böge, Eric Hahn, Judith Strasser et al. (2021). Psychotherapy in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (KRI): Preferences and expectations of the Kurdish host community, internally displaced- and Syrian refugee community. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. DOI 10.1177/0020764021995219
  2. Lolav Alhamid (2023). Kurdish Women in Fiction and a History of Violence, Displacement, and Migration. Essays on Modern Kurdish Literature. DOI 10.1515/9783110634686-009
  3. Wittmann J, Ibrahim H, Neuner F et al. (2025). Fleeing the war: A socio-ecological perspective on the mental health of internally displaced and refugee children and adolescents living in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.. PLOS Ment Health. DOI 10.1371/journal.pmen.0000170
  4. Palmquist AEL, Seidi PA, Abas NQ et al. (2026). "I’m restlessly eager to breastfeed": breastfeeding narratives of internally displaced Yazidi genocide survivors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.. Int Breastfeed J. DOI 10.1186/s13006-026-00828-7
  5. Ramazan BOZTEPE (2026). Unmade Ground: Displacement, Dispossession, and the Erosion of Spatial Memory Among Kurdish Forced Migrants. Center for Open Science. DOI 10.31235/osf.io/pujeb_v1

Cite this page

Report an error What we are and are not

01What it offers

  • 01

    For displaced people

    Where to find official information on rights and services.

  • 02

    On return

    What official sources say about safety, property and documents before return.

  • 03

    For helpers

    How volunteers and families can help without causing harm.

  • 04

    Documents

    Links to the statelessness and documents programme.

02Who it is for

  • Displaced people
  • Families considering return
  • Volunteers
  • Host communities

03How it works

Read
start with the guide for your situation.
Check
follow the links to official sources.
Refer
contact a qualified service for your case.
Decide
decisions on return stay with each person and family.

04What it always keeps

  • Information and referrals only, never legal advice
  • No one is encouraged or discouraged to return
  • No location of displaced people is shared
  • Contested claims on land and return show every side

05Courses

06More in Development

  • In preparation

    Family preparedness

    Plans for emergencies abroad and for relatives at home.

  • In preparation

    Continuity

    Keeping community organisations running through disruption.

  • In preparation

    Climate and water

    Drought, rivers and dams, heat and dust across Kurdistan, explained with sources.

  • In preparation

    Earthquakes

    Seismic risk along the Zagros and Anatolian fault zones, and how to prepare.

  • In preparation

    Crisis information

    Verified information during crises and internet shutdowns.

  • In preparation

    Humanitarian coordination

    How humanitarian aid reaches people, and how to give through lawful, open channels.

Cite this page
APA

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). Displacement and return. kurds.global. https://kurds.global/development/displacement-and-return/

Chicago

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. “Displacement and Return.” kurds.global. https://kurds.global/development/displacement-and-return/.

BibTeX
@misc{kco2026_development_displacement_and_return,
	author = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Displacement and return},
	url = {https://kurds.global/development/displacement-and-return/},
	howpublished = {https://kurds.global/development/displacement-and-return/},
}

Download .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - kco2026_development_
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Displacement and return
UR  - https://kurds.global/development/displacement-and-return/
ER  -

Download .ris

Licence CC BY 4.0

07Learn in the Academy

Courses and disciplines of the Academy on the subject of this page.

Courses

Disciplines

A completion record shows what was studied and assessed. It is not a certificate or a qualification.

All disciplines

08Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

  1. Psychotherapy in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (KRI): Preferences and expectations of the Kurdish host community, internally displaced- and Syrian refugee community

    Kerem Böge, Eric Hahn, Judith Strasser et al. · 2021 · International Journal of Social Psychiatry

    ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

  2. Kurdish Women in Fiction and a History of Violence, Displacement, and Migration

    Lolav Alhamid · 2023 · Essays on Modern Kurdish Literature

    ChapterCrossref

  3. Fleeing the war: A socio-ecological perspective on the mental health of internally displaced and refugee children and adolescents living in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

    Wittmann J, Ibrahim H, Neuner F et al. · 2025 · PLOS Ment Health

    ArticleEurope PMCOpen access

  4. "I’m restlessly eager to breastfeed": breastfeeding narratives of internally displaced Yazidi genocide survivors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

    Palmquist AEL, Seidi PA, Abas NQ et al. · 2026 · Int Breastfeed J

    ArticleEurope PMCOpen access

  5. Unmade Ground: Displacement, Dispossession, and the Erosion of Spatial Memory Among Kurdish Forced Migrants

    Ramazan BOZTEPE · 2026 · Center for Open Science

    PreprintCrossrefCC-BY-4.0

  6. A narrative approach to displacement, gender and conflict: motivations of Kurdish women to leave Syria in times of lawlessness

    Wendelmoet Hamelink, Ruşan Güngör · 2022 · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

    ArticleCrossref

  7. Transnationalization of Human Rights Norms and Its Impact on Internally Displaced Kurds

    Ayşe Betül Çelik · 2005 · Human Rights Quarterly

    ArticleOpenAIRE

  8. The Changes in the Kurdish Language Among the Kurds of Syria as a Factor for Preserving Identity Before and After Displacement to Türkiye

    Bedir Mulla Reshid · 2023

    OtherOpenAlexOpen accessCC-BY

  9. Return mobilities of highly skilled young people to a post-conflict region: the case of Kurdish-British to Kurdistan – Iraq

    Janroj Yilmaz Keles · 2019 · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

    ArticleCrossref

  10. The Return of the Oppressed: Notes on Kurdish Anti-colonialism

    Fırat Aydınkaya · 2024 · South Atlantic Quarterly

    ArticleOpenAlex

  11. Home is Where the Heart Is? Forced Migration and Voluntary Return in Turkey’s Kurdish Regions

    Djordje Stefanović, Neophytos Loizides, S. Parsons · 2014 · Journal of Refugee Studies

    ArticleOpenAlexOpenAIREOpen access

  12. The impact of forced migration on mental health: A comparative study on posttraumatic stress among internally displaced and externally migrated Kurdish women.

    Cheka Gülşen, Jeroen Knipscheer, Rolf Kleber · 2010 · Traumatology

    ArticleOpenAIRE

Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.

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