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Linguistics

Russian: linguistics

Russian sounds, pronunciation, grammar and core vocabulary.

Русский

01Sounds

The language’s phonemes, from one published description.

Awaiting licence review

This section will show the consonant and vowel tables of Russian from PHOIBLE 2.0, inventory Russian (Standard) (EA 2261), based on Yanushevskaya and Bunčić 2015. PHOIBLE is under CC BY-SA 3.0, and the tables appear once the owner approves the source.

02Core words compared

Ten everyday words across the languages of the region.

MeaningPersianKurmanjiSoraniZazakiBalochiAzerbaijaniArmenian
waterآبābavئاوawaweāpsuջուրjur
breadنانnānnanنانnannannānçörəkհացhatsʻ
motherمادرmādardêدایکdaykmayemātanaմայրmayr
fatherپدرpedarbavباوکbawkpîpitataհայրhayr
houseخانهkhānemalماڵmałkeyelōgevտունtun
nightشبshabşevشەوşewşeweshapgecəգիշերgisher
twoدوdoduدووdûdidoikiերկուerku
threeسهsesêسێsêhîrêsēüçերեքerekʻ
eyeچشمcheshmçavچاوçawçimchammgözաչքachkʻ
nameنامnāmnavناوnawnamenāmadանունanun

Persian, Kurdish, Zazaki and Balochi are Iranian languages, and many of their core words are related. Azerbaijani is Turkic and Armenian is its own branch of Indo-European, so their words differ. To verify

Sources Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. (1892) Verified; Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003) To verify; Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966) To verify; Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998) To verify; Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009) To verify; Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998) To verify; Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009) To verify

03Sources

  1. Moran and McCloy (eds.). PHOIBLE 2.0. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2019

    Verified CC BY-SA 3.0 Phoneme inventories, each from the published source it names, read 2026-10-23.

  2. Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. 1892

    Verified Public domain. The digital edition was reachable on 2026-10-23.

  3. Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. 2003

    To verify

  4. Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1966

    To verify

  5. Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. 1998

    To verify

  6. Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. 2009

    To verify

  7. Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. 1998

    To verify

  8. Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. 2009

    To verify

Cite this page
APA

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). Russian: Linguistics. kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/languages/ru/linguistics/

Chicago

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. “Russian: Linguistics.” kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/languages/ru/linguistics/.

BibTeX
@misc{kco2026_language_languages_ru_linguistics,
	author = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Russian: Linguistics},
	url = {https://kurds.global/language/languages/ru/linguistics/},
	howpublished = {https://kurds.global/language/languages/ru/linguistics/},
}

Download .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - kco2026_language_lan
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Russian: Linguistics
UR  - https://kurds.global/language/languages/ru/linguistics/
ER  -

Download .ris

Licence CC BY 4.0

04Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

  1. The Musavat Azerbaijan Policy Towards Kurds: Parallels With Post-Soviet Azerbaijan’s Ethnic Policy

    Artyom Tonoyan, Liana Petrosyan · 2024 · Contemporary Eurasia

    ArticleCrossref

  2. Ethnic Mobilization in Post-Soviet Georgia: The Case of the Yezidi-Kurds

    David Szakonyi · 2007 · Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)

    ArticleOpenAlexDOAJOpen access

  3. Kurds in the USSR, 1917-1956

    Jonathan Otto Pohl · 2017 · Kurdish Studies

    ArticleCrossref

  4. Russia and the Kurds: A Soft‐Power Tool for the Kremlin?

    Anna Borshchevskaya · 2023 · Middle East Policy

    ArticleOpenAlexOpen access

  5. The Kurds in the Former Soviet States from the Historical and Cultural Perspectives

    Khanna Omarkhali · 2013 · Journal of political studies

    ArticleOpenAlexOpen access

  6. The Kurds and the Kurdish Language in Soviet Azerbaijan according to the All-Union Census of December 17, 1926

    Daniel MÜLLER · 2000 · Journal of Kurdish Studies

    ArticleCrossrefOpenAIRE

  7. Pre-migration traumatic experiences, post-migration perceived discrimination and substance use among Russian and Kurdish migrants-a population-based study.

    Salama ES, Castaneda AE, Lilja E et al. · 2020 · Addiction

    ArticleEurope PMCOpen access

  8. Russia’s Kurdish Policy from the Tsardom to the Soviet Union

    Orhan Gafarlı, Kürşad Güç · 2021 · Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi

    ArticleOpenAlexOpen access

  9. Substance use, affective symptoms, and suicidal ideation among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish migrants in Finland.

    Salama E, Castaneda AE, Suvisaari J et al. · 2022 · Transcult Psychiatry

    ArticleEurope PMCOpen access

Sources, licences and fetch dates: Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.

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