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Explore the network in scenes
Guided models of how the network is built, where its communities live, its history, its languages, a craft, its Academy and its year. Each model is drawn like a technical drawing. A list and a table hold the same content.
01The institution in 3D
The levels of the institution, from the charter. Lines show how the parts relate: solid for part of, long dashes for decides on, short dashes for takes part with, dots for works across.
Part ofDecides onTakes part withWorks across
Keys: arrows move between stops, P plays or pauses, Escape ends the tour.
This scene needs JavaScript. The list and the table hold the same content.
List
- KCO
- The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
- Part of: General Assembly: Part of
- Part of: Chapters: Part of
- 1 General Assembly
- Decides on: recognizes Chapters
- Part of: Part of The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
- The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
- Chapters
- Chapters
- Decides on: General Assembly: recognizes
- Part of: Part of The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
- Part of: Community Cells: Part of
- Part of: Integrity lead for neutrality and conflicts of interest: Part of
- Part of: Protected participation mechanism and anti-doxxing rules: Part of
- Part of: Basic financial transparency for local funds: Part of
- Part of: Recordkeeping and version discipline: Part of
- Part of: Escalation pathway to KCO integrity bodies: Part of
- Part of: Africa: Part of
- Part of: Asia-Pacific: Part of
- Part of: Caucasus: Part of
- Part of: Central Asia: Part of
- Part of: Europe: Part of
- Part of: Europe and Central Asia: Part of
- Part of: Middle East: Part of
- Part of: North America: Part of
- Africa
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Asia-Pacific
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Caucasus
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Central Asia
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Europe
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Europe and Central Asia
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Middle East
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- North America
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Chapters
- Community Cells
- Community Cells
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Integrity lead for neutrality and conflicts of interest
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Protected participation mechanism and anti-doxxing rules
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Basic financial transparency for local funds
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Recordkeeping and version discipline
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Escalation pathway to KCO integrity bodies
- Part of: Part of Chapters
- Community Cells
- Communities of practice
- Communities of practice
- Part of: Indicators and Methods: Part of
- Part of: Peer Review: Part of
- Part of: Education and Language Standards: Part of
- Part of: Health, Protection and Humanitarian Coordination: Part of
- Part of: Livelihoods and Trade Facilitation: Part of
- Part of: Culture, Heritage and Archives: Part of
- Part of: Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation: Part of
- Part of: Project Preparation, Safeguards and Procurement: Part of
- Indicators and Methods
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Peer Review
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Education and Language Standards
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Health, Protection and Humanitarian Coordination
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Livelihoods and Trade Facilitation
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Culture, Heritage and Archives
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Project Preparation, Safeguards and Procurement
- Part of: Part of Communities of practice
- Communities of practice
Matrix
| General Assembly | The Kurdish Cooperation Organization | Chapters | Africa | Europe | Asia-Pacific | Europe and Central Asia | Caucasus | Middle East | Central Asia | North America | Basic financial transparency for local funds | Protected participation mechanism and anti-doxxing rules | Community Cells | Recordkeeping and version discipline | Escalation pathway to KCO integrity bodies | Integrity lead for neutrality and conflicts of interest | Communities of practice | Culture, Heritage and Archives | Indicators and Methods | Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation | Livelihoods and Trade Facilitation | Education and Language Standards | Peer Review | Health, Protection and Humanitarian Coordination | Project Preparation, Safeguards and Procurement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Assembly | Part of | Decides on | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Kurdish Cooperation Organization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chapters | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Africa | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia-Pacific | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe and Central Asia | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caucasus | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Middle East | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central Asia | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic financial transparency for local funds | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Protected participation mechanism and anti-doxxing rules | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Community Cells | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recordkeeping and version discipline | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Escalation pathway to KCO integrity bodies | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrity lead for neutrality and conflicts of interest | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communities of practice | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Culture, Heritage and Archives | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indicators and Methods | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Livelihoods and Trade Facilitation | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education and Language Standards | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peer Review | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Health, Protection and Humanitarian Coordination | Part of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Project Preparation, Safeguards and Procurement | Part of |
Part ofDecides onTakes part withWorks across
The tour, stop by stop
The institution in 3D
The Kurdish Cooperation Organization is a federation of a Global level, Regional Chapters and Diaspora Chapters, and Community Cells chartered by Chapters in cities, campuses and professional networks. It is strictly non-partisan and non-violent, and claims no public authority.
Source: KCO charter Verified
KCO
Parts at this level: 2. The Kurdish Cooperation Organization, General Assembly
Source: KCO charter Verified
Chapters
Parts at this level: 9. Chapters, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, …
Source: KCO charter Verified
Community Cells
Parts at this level: 6. Community Cells, Integrity lead for neutrality and conflicts of interest, Protected participation mechanism and anti-doxxing rules, Basic financial transparency for local funds, Recordkeeping and version discipline, Escalation pathway to KCO integrity bodies
Source: KCO charter Verified
Communities of practice
Parts at this level: 9. Communities of practice, Indicators and Methods, Peer Review, Education and Language Standards, Health, Protection and Humanitarian Coordination, Livelihoods and Trade Facilitation, …
Source: KCO charter Verified
Exploded view
The levels are drawn apart, so each level can be read on its own.
Source: KCO charter Verified
Section
A horizontal cut. Everything above the cut is hidden, so the lower levels show.
Source: KCO charter Verified
Chapters
Chapters
Source: KCO charter Verified
General Assembly
General Assembly
Source: KCO charter Verified
02Diaspora atlas
A tour of the country programmes and city pages, region by region. A figure shows only with its measure, year, source and label. Unknown stays unknown.
Keys: arrows move between stops, P plays or pauses, Escape ends the tour.
This scene needs JavaScript. The list and the table hold the same content.
List
- Europe
- Austria
- Vienna
- Belgium
- Brussels
- Antwerp
- Denmark
- Copenhagen
- France
- Strasbourg
- Paris
- Marseille
- Germany
- Berlin
- Bremen
- Hamburg
- Frankfurt
- Hanover
- Cologne
- Düsseldorf
- Bielefeld
- Netherlands
- Amsterdam
- The Hague
- Rotterdam
- Sweden
- Malmö
- Stockholm
- Uppsala
- Gothenburg
- Switzerland
- Basel
- Geneva
- Zurich
- United Kingdom
- London
- Manchester
- Liverpool
- Cardiff
- Finland
- Helsinki
- Greece
- Athens
- Italy
- Norway
- Oslo
- Cyprus
- Austria
- Middle East
- Iran
- Ilam
- Kermanshah (Kirmaşan)
- Sanandaj (Sine)
- Saqqez (Seqiz)
- Quchan (Qoçan)
- Tehran
- Mahabad
- Urmia (Ûrmiye)
- Iraq
- Sulaymaniyah (Silêmanî)
- Halabja
- Baghdad
- Duhok
- Erbil (Hewlêr)
- Kirkuk
- Shingal (Sinjar)
- Syria
- Qamishli (Qamişlo)
- Hasakah
- Kobanî
- Afrin (Efrîn)
- Aleppo (Sheikh Maqsoud)
- Damascus (Rukn al-Din)
- Türkiye
- Adana
- Batman (Êlih)
- Diyarbakır (Amed)
- Hakkari (Colemêrg)
- Istanbul
- Izmir
- Mardin (Mêrdîn)
- Mersin
- Şanlıurfa (Riha)
- Dersim (Tunceli)
- Van (Wan)
- Israel
- Jerusalem
- Lebanon
- Beirut
- Jordan
- United Arab Emirates
- Iran
- Asia-Pacific
- Australia
- Sydney
- Melbourne
- Japan
- Kawaguchi and Warabi
- New Zealand
- Australia
- Caucasus
- Armenia
- Aknalich
- Yerevan
- Georgia
- Tbilisi
- Azerbaijan
- Armenia
- Central Asia
- Kazakhstan
- Almaty
- Kyrgyzstan
- Bishkek
- Turkmenistan
- Kazakhstan
- North America
- Canada
- Vancouver
- Toronto
- Ottawa
- London
- Montreal
- United States
- San Diego
- Washington DC area
- Nashville
- Dallas
- Canada
- Africa
- Europe and Central Asia
- Russia
- Krasnodar
- Moscow
- Russia
Table
| Country | Region | Figure | Measure | Year | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenia | Caucasus | 31,079 Yazidis and 1,663 Kurds | census self-identification | 2022 | Armstat via Minority Rights Group | Secondary source |
| Australia | Asia-Pacific | 10,171 Kurdish ancestry; 9,893 speak Kurdish at home | census | 2021 | ABS via SBS | Secondary source |
| Austria | Europe | 80,000 to 95,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Azerbaijan | Caucasus | about 6,100 | census | 2009 | Minority Rights Group | Secondary source |
| Belgium | Europe | 70,000 to 85,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Canada | North America | 23,130 | Kurdish ethnic origin | 2021 | Statistics Canada 98-10-0355 via The Canadian Encyclopedia | Secondary source |
| Cyprus | Europe | Unknown | ||||
| Denmark | Europe | 25,000 to 30,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Egypt | Africa | Unknown | ||||
| Finland | Europe | 18,460 | Kurdish mother tongue in the population register | 2025 | Statistics Finland via Wikipedia | To verify |
| Finland | Europe | 15,000 to 18,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| France | Europe | 230,000 to 250,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Georgia | Caucasus | 12,174 Yazidis | census | 2014 | Geostat via Civil.ge | Secondary source |
| Germany | Europe | about 1.3 million | research estimate | 2023 | Mediendienst Integration citing Ghaderi and Almstadt (2023) | Secondary source |
| Germany | Europe | about 649,000 asylum applications by Kurds 2010 to 2025; about 375,000 granted protection | asylum statistics by stated ethnicity | 2025 | Bundestag Drucksache 20/10827 | Secondary source |
| Germany | Europe | 850,000 to 950,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Greece | Europe | 40,000 to 50,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Iran | Middle East | 10 to 12 million | institute estimate | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population | Secondary source |
| Iraq | Middle East | 8 to 8.5 million (25 to 27 percent) | institute estimate | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population | Secondary source |
| Iraq | Middle East | about 6.37 to 6.52 million residents of the Kurdistan Region; 3.95 million in disputed areas | census residents (not ethnicity) | 2024 | Iraq census, 20 to 22 Nov 2024, via PUKmedia and Kurdistan24 | Secondary source |
| Israel | Middle East | 150,000 to 200,000 | Kurdish Jews and descendants; estimate | 2007 | Wikipedia | To verify |
| Italy | Europe | 25,000 to 30,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Japan | Asia-Pacific | 2,000 to 3,000 | estimate, mostly Turkish citizens | 2025 | FPRI (June 2025) | Secondary source |
| Jordan | Middle East | Unknown | ||||
| Kazakhstan | Central Asia | 38,325 | census | 2011 | Kazakhstan census via Wikipedia | To verify |
| Kyrgyzstan | Central Asia | 13,171 | census | 2009 | Kyrgyz census via Wikipedia | To verify |
| Lebanon | Middle East | Unknown | ||||
| Netherlands | Europe | 100,000 to 120,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| New Zealand | Asia-Pacific | about 990 | ethnic group ‘Kurd’ | 2023 | Stats NZ via Figure.NZ | Secondary source |
| Norway | Europe | 25,000 to 30,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Norway | Europe | 7,100 Kurdish speakers | official estimate | 2013 | Wikipedia: Kurds in Norway | To verify |
| Russia | Europe and Central Asia | about 23,000 Kurds and 40,000 Yazidis | census self-identification | 2010 | Rosstat (from memory; 2021 census table not found) | To verify |
| Sweden | Europe | 85,000 to 100,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Sweden | Europe | about 150,000 Kurdish speakers | community estimate | 2022 | Kurdo Baksi quoted by Sveriges Radio | Secondary source |
| Switzerland | Europe | 85,000 to 95,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| Syria | Middle East | 3 to 3.6 million (12.5 to 15 percent) | institute estimate | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population | Secondary source |
| Türkiye | Middle East | 15 to 20 million (19 to 25 percent) | institute estimate | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population | Secondary source |
| Türkiye | Middle East | 13.4 million (17.7 percent) ‘Kurds and Zazas’ | survey self-identification | after 2006 | KONDA via Hürriyet Daily News | Secondary source |
| Turkmenistan | Central Asia | Unknown | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | Middle East | Unknown | ||||
| United Kingdom | Europe | about 76,000 (73,510 in table TS022) | ethnic group write-in ‘Kurdish’, England and Wales | 2021 | ONS Census 2021 | Verified |
| United Kingdom | Europe | 70,000 to 90,000 | institute estimate (range) | 2016 | Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) | Secondary source |
| United States | North America | about 25,000 (census, secondary) to 50,000 (Institut kurde de Paris) | mixed | 2020 | Wikipedia: Kurdish Americans; IKP | To verify |
| United States | North America | 15,000 to 20,000 | community estimate, Nashville | 2023 | WPLN, 2025 | Secondary source |
The tour, stop by stop
Diaspora atlas
Country programmes: 35. City pages: 85. Pin height shows the programme tier. It does not show a number of people.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Coastlines
Coastlines from Natural Earth. Equirectangular projection. The scale is true at latitude 12°.
Source: Natural Earth (public domain), world-atlas 110m Verified
Europe
Country programmes: 14. City pages: 32. Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Cyprus, Germany, Denmark, Finland, France, United Kingdom, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Middle East
Country programmes: 8. City pages: 34. United Arab Emirates, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Türkiye.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Asia-Pacific
Country programmes: 3. City pages: 3. Australia, Japan, New Zealand.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Caucasus
Country programmes: 3. City pages: 3. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Central Asia
Country programmes: 3. City pages: 2. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan.
Source: Country programmes Verified
North America
Country programmes: 2. City pages: 9. Canada, United States.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Africa
Country programmes: 1. City pages: 0. Egypt.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Europe and Central Asia
Country programmes: 1. City pages: 2. Russia.
Source: Country programmes Verified
Iran
10 to 12 million, institute estimate, 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population Secondary source
Iraq
8 to 8.5 million (25 to 27 percent), institute estimate, 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population Secondary source
Syria
3 to 3.6 million (12.5 to 15 percent), institute estimate, 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population Secondary source
Türkiye
15 to 20 million (19 to 25 percent), institute estimate, 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish population Secondary source
Armenia
31,079 Yazidis and 1,663 Kurds, census self-identification, 2022
Source: Armstat via Minority Rights Group Secondary source
Austria
80,000 to 95,000, institute estimate (range), 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) Secondary source
Belgium
70,000 to 85,000, institute estimate (range), 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) Secondary source
Canada
23,130, Kurdish ethnic origin, 2021
Source: Statistics Canada 98-10-0355 via The Canadian Encyclopedia Secondary source
Denmark
25,000 to 30,000, institute estimate (range), 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) Secondary source
France
230,000 to 250,000, institute estimate (range), 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) Secondary source
Germany
about 1.3 million, research estimate, 2023
Source: Mediendienst Integration citing Ghaderi and Almstadt (2023) Secondary source
Netherlands
100,000 to 120,000, institute estimate (range), 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) Secondary source
Sweden
85,000 to 100,000, institute estimate (range), 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) Secondary source
Switzerland
85,000 to 95,000, institute estimate (range), 2016
Source: Institut kurde de Paris, The Kurdish diaspora (Dec 2016 table of ranges) Secondary source
United Kingdom
about 76,000 (73,510 in table TS022), ethnic group write-in ‘Kurdish’, England and Wales, 2021
Source: ONS Census 2021 Verified
United States
about 25,000 (census, secondary) to 50,000 (Institut kurde de Paris), mixed, 2020
Source: Wikipedia: Kurdish Americans; IKP To verify
03Heritage time map
The eras of the heritage timeline, with the places their entries name. The map shows today’s coastlines for orientation. It draws no historical borders.
- Deep history
- Antiquity
- Medieval dynasties
- Ottoman-Safavid partition
- Ottoman centralisation
- Partition
- Cold War
- After 1991
Keys: arrows move between stops, P plays or pauses, Escape ends the tour.
This scene needs JavaScript. The list and the table hold the same content.
List
- Deep history (9500 BCE to 7000 BCE)
- 9500 BCE: Göbekli Tepe
- 7000 BCE: Jarmo
- Antiquity (401 BCE)
- 401 BCE: Xenophon meets the Carduchoi
- Medieval dynasties (959 to 1187)
- 959: Hasanwayhid dynasty
- 990: Marwanid dynasty
- 1187: Saladin takes Jerusalem
- Ottoman-Safavid partition (1514 to 1692)
- 1514: Battle of Chaldiran
- 1597: The Sharafnama
- 1639: Treaty of Zuhab
- 1692: Ehmedê Xanî’s Mem û Zîn
- Ottoman centralisation (1847 to 1915)
- 1847: End of the Bohtan emirate
- 1898: First Kurdish newspaper
- 1915: Armenian Genocide and the Sayfo
- Partition (1920 to 1946)
- 1920: Treaty of Sèvres
- 1922: Sheikh Mahmud’s kingdom
- 1923: Treaty of Lausanne
- 1925: Sheikh Said rebellion
- 1932: Hawar journal and the Kurmanji Latin alphabet
- 1937: Dersim massacres and Soviet deportations
- 1946: Republic of Mahabad
- Cold War (1961 to 1988)
- 1961: September Revolution in Iraq; labour migration to Germany
- 1962: Hasakah census in Syria
- 1970: Iraqi-Kurdish autonomy agreement
- 1980: Military coup in Turkey
- 1988: Anfal campaign and Halabja
- After 1991 (1991 to 2026)
- 1991: Uprising and exodus
- 1992: Mykonos assassinations, Berlin
- 2005: Iraqi constitution recognises the Kurdistan Region
- 2014: Yazidi genocide in Shingal
- 2017: Kurdistan Region independence referendum
- 2022: Jina Amini and Jin, Jiyan, Azadî
- 2024: Fall of the Assad government
- 2025: PKK announces dissolution
- 2026: Syrian decree on Kurdish rights
Table
| Year | Era | About | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9500 BCE | Deep history | Göbekli Tepe | Awaiting citation |
| 7000 BCE | Deep history | Jarmo | Awaiting citation |
| 401 BCE | Antiquity | Xenophon meets the Carduchoi | Awaiting citation |
| 959 | Medieval dynasties | Hasanwayhid dynasty | Awaiting citation |
| 990 | Medieval dynasties | Marwanid dynasty | Awaiting citation |
| 1187 | Medieval dynasties | Saladin takes Jerusalem | Awaiting citation |
| 1514 | Ottoman-Safavid partition | Battle of Chaldiran | Awaiting citation |
| 1597 | Ottoman-Safavid partition | The Sharafnama | Awaiting citation |
| 1639 | Ottoman-Safavid partition | Treaty of Zuhab | Awaiting citation |
| 1692 | Ottoman-Safavid partition | Ehmedê Xanî’s Mem û Zîn | Awaiting citation |
| 1847 | Ottoman centralisation | End of the Bohtan emirate | Awaiting citation |
| 1898 | Ottoman centralisation | First Kurdish newspaper | Awaiting citation |
| 1915 | Ottoman centralisation | Armenian Genocide and the Sayfo | Awaiting citation |
| 1920 | Partition | Treaty of Sèvres | Awaiting citation |
| 1922 | Partition | Sheikh Mahmud’s kingdom | Awaiting citation |
| 1923 | Partition | Treaty of Lausanne | Awaiting citation |
| 1925 | Partition | Sheikh Said rebellion | Awaiting citation |
| 1932 | Partition | Hawar journal and the Kurmanji Latin alphabet | Awaiting citation |
| 1937 | Partition | Dersim massacres and Soviet deportations | Awaiting citation |
| 1946 | Partition | Republic of Mahabad | Awaiting citation |
| 1961 | Cold War | September Revolution in Iraq; labour migration to Germany | Awaiting citation |
| 1962 | Cold War | Hasakah census in Syria | Awaiting citation |
| 1970 | Cold War | Iraqi-Kurdish autonomy agreement | Awaiting citation |
| 1980 | Cold War | Military coup in Turkey | Awaiting citation |
| 1988 | Cold War | Anfal campaign and Halabja | Awaiting citation |
| 1991 | After 1991 | Uprising and exodus | Awaiting citation |
| 1992 | After 1991 | Mykonos assassinations, Berlin | Awaiting citation |
| 2005 | After 1991 | Iraqi constitution recognises the Kurdistan Region | Awaiting citation |
| 2014 | After 1991 | Yazidi genocide in Shingal | Awaiting citation |
| 2017 | After 1991 | Kurdistan Region independence referendum | Awaiting citation |
| 2022 | After 1991 | Jina Amini and Jin, Jiyan, Azadî | Awaiting citation |
| 2024 | After 1991 | Fall of the Assad government | Awaiting citation |
| 2025 | After 1991 | PKK announces dissolution | Draft |
| 2026 | After 1991 | Syrian decree on Kurdish rights | Draft |
The tour, stop by stop
Heritage time map
Eras are drawn at equal height, oldest lowest. Time is not to scale. Coastlines from Natural Earth. Equirectangular projection. The scale is true at latitude 37°.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
Deep history
9500 BCE to 7000 BCE. Entries in the timeline: 2, awaiting citation. Göbekli Tepe. Jarmo.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
Antiquity
401 BCE. Entries in the timeline: 1, awaiting citation. Xenophon meets the Carduchoi. Some entries here are contested. Every view will be shown with its sources.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
Medieval dynasties
959 to 1187. Entries in the timeline: 3, awaiting citation. Hasanwayhid dynasty. Marwanid dynasty. Saladin takes Jerusalem. Some entries here are contested. Every view will be shown with its sources.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
Ottoman-Safavid partition
1514 to 1692. Entries in the timeline: 4, awaiting citation. Battle of Chaldiran. The Sharafnama. Treaty of Zuhab. Ehmedê Xanî’s Mem û Zîn. Some entries here are contested. Every view will be shown with its sources.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
Ottoman centralisation
1847 to 1915. Entries in the timeline: 3, awaiting citation. End of the Bohtan emirate. First Kurdish newspaper. Armenian Genocide and the Sayfo. Some entries here are contested. Every view will be shown with its sources.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
Partition
1920 to 1946. Entries in the timeline: 7, awaiting citation. Treaty of Sèvres. Sheikh Mahmud’s kingdom. Treaty of Lausanne. Sheikh Said rebellion. Hawar journal and the Kurmanji Latin alphabet. Dersim massacres and Soviet deportations. Republic of Mahabad. Some entries here are contested. Every view will be shown with its sources.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
Cold War
1961 to 1988. Entries in the timeline: 5, awaiting citation. September Revolution in Iraq; labour migration to Germany. Hasakah census in Syria. Iraqi-Kurdish autonomy agreement. Military coup in Turkey. Anfal campaign and Halabja. Some entries here are contested. Every view will be shown with its sources.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
After 1991
1991 to 2026. Entries in the timeline: 9, awaiting citation. Uprising and exodus. Mykonos assassinations, Berlin. Iraqi constitution recognises the Kurdistan Region. Yazidi genocide in Shingal. Kurdistan Region independence referendum. Jina Amini and Jin, Jiyan, Azadî. Fall of the Assad government. PKK announces dissolution. Syrian decree on Kurdish rights. Some entries here are contested. Every view will be shown with its sources.
Source: Heritage: timeline To verify
04Language atlas
The languages of the register, by script. A point is Glottolog’s representative location for a language. It is not a border and not a count of speakers.
Keys: arrows move between stops, P plays or pauses, Escape ends the tour.
This scene needs JavaScript. The list and the table hold the same content.
List
- Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet
- Gorani / Hawrami هەورامی
- Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) Kurmancî
- Sorani (Central Kurdish) سۆرانی
- Southern Kurdish in the Arabic-based alphabet
- Laki لەکی
- Southern Kurdish (Kelhurî, Feylî) کوردی خوارین
- Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet
- Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) Kurmancî
- Kurdish Latin alphabet (Hawar)
- Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) Kurmancî
- Persian alphabet
- Laki لەکی
- Russian Cyrillic alphabet
- Russian русский
- Unknown
- Zazaki (Kirmanckî, Dimilkî) Zazakî
Table
| Language | Script | Point | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gorani / Hawrami هەورامی | Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet | 36.8, 44.5 | Glottolog gura1251 |
| Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) Kurmancî | Kurdish Latin alphabet (Hawar), Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet, Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet | 37, 43 | Glottolog nort2641 |
| Laki لەکی | Southern Kurdish in the Arabic-based alphabet, Persian alphabet | 34, 47.9 | Glottolog laki1244 |
| Russian русский | Russian Cyrillic alphabet | 59, 50 | Glottolog russ1263 |
| Sorani (Central Kurdish) سۆرانی | Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet | 35.7, 45.8 | Glottolog cent1972 |
| Southern Kurdish (Kelhurî, Feylî) کوردی خوارین | Southern Kurdish in the Arabic-based alphabet | 32.9, 46.6 | Glottolog sout2640 |
| Zazaki (Kirmanckî, Dimilkî) Zazakî | 38.6, 39.6 | Glottolog diml1238 |
The tour, stop by stop
Language atlas
The languages of the register, by script. A point is Glottolog’s representative location for a language. It is not a border and not a count of speakers. Coastlines from Natural Earth. Equirectangular projection. The scale is true at latitude 46°.
Source: Glottolog 5.3, Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (CC BY 4.0) Verified
Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet
Languages in this script: 3. Gorani / Hawrami, Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish), Sorani (Central Kurdish).
Source: Kurdish Arabic-based alphabet Verified
Southern Kurdish in the Arabic-based alphabet
Languages in this script: 2. Laki, Southern Kurdish (Kelhurî, Feylî).
Source: Southern Kurdish in the Arabic-based alphabet Verified
Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet
Languages in this script: 1. Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish).
Source: Kurdish Cyrillic alphabet Verified
Kurdish Latin alphabet (Hawar)
Languages in this script: 1. Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish).
Source: Kurdish Latin alphabet (Hawar) Verified
Persian alphabet
Languages in this script: 1. Laki.
Source: Persian alphabet Verified
Russian Cyrillic alphabet
Languages in this script: 1. Russian.
Source: Russian Cyrillic alphabet Verified
Unknown
Languages in this script: 1. Zazaki (Kirmanckî, Dimilkî).
Source: Glottolog 5.3, Hammarström, Forkel, Haspelmath and Bank, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (CC BY 4.0) Verified
05The Academy as a knowledge structure
Faculties, departments, disciplines and courses, with the pathways that run through them.
Part ofDecides onTakes part withWorks across
Keys: arrows move between stops, P plays or pauses, Escape ends the tour.
This scene needs JavaScript. The list and the table hold the same content.
List
- Faculty of Kurdish Studies
- Faculty of Humanities
- Faculty of Arts
- Faculty of Economic and Social Development
- Faculty of Law, Governance and Public Affairs
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences
- Faculty of Education
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Table
| Faculty | Departments | Disciplines | Courses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Kurdish Studies | 5 | 21 | 62 |
| Faculty of Humanities | 5 | 14 | 2 |
| Faculty of Arts | 3 | 8 | 0 |
| Faculty of Economic and Social Development | 5 | 22 | 13 |
| Faculty of Law, Governance and Public Affairs | 3 | 14 | 15 |
| Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences | 4 | 14 | 5 |
| Faculty of Education | 3 | 7 | 2 |
| Faculty of Natural Sciences | 6 | 19 | 4 |
| Faculty of Engineering and Technology | 5 | 17 | 0 |
| Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences | 4 | 16 | 1 |
| Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences | 3 | 10 | 0 |
- Heritage Learner (teen): Kurmanji A1 (Latin), Kurdish scripts bridge (Latin, Arabic-based, Cyrillic), Kurds in world history (survey), Newroz and the Kurdish calendar, Dengbêj and oral tradition
- Kurdish Teacher: Kurdish teacher training, Kurdish scripts bridge (Latin, Arabic-based, Cyrillic), Safeguarding for community programmes
- Community Organiser: Running a community association, Civic participation in Germany, Deliberation and dialogue across divides, Digital safety for families, Threat modelling for activists and organisers
- Newcomer Professional: First year in a new country, Recognising qualifications, Career transition for skilled migrants, Licensing paths for regulated professions
The tour, stop by stop
The Academy as a knowledge structure
Departments: 46. Disciplines: 162. Courses: 104.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Exploded view
The rings are drawn apart. Faculties rise to the top, courses stay at the base.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Kurdish Studies
Departments: 5. Disciplines: 21. Courses: 62. The Kurdish languages, history, memory, literatures, faiths, arts, land and diaspora.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Humanities
Departments: 5. Disciplines: 14. Courses: 2. History, languages, literature, philosophy and religion.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Arts
Departments: 3. Disciplines: 8. Courses: 0. Music, dengbêj and dance, visual arts, crafts, architecture and film, as practice and as study.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Economic and Social Development
Departments: 5. Disciplines: 22. Courses: 13. Livelihoods, enterprise, finance, social policy, planning, migration and the risks of a disaster-prone region.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Law, Governance and Public Affairs
Departments: 3. Disciplines: 14. Courses: 15. Law, rights, government, peace and civic life, studied without taking sides.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences
Departments: 4. Disciplines: 14. Courses: 5. Minds, societies, populations, media and the study of migration and diaspora.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Education
Departments: 3. Disciplines: 7. Courses: 2. Teaching and learning at every age, from mother-tongue classes to adult education.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Natural Sciences
Departments: 6. Disciplines: 19. Courses: 4. Mathematics, computing and the sciences of matter, earth and life, including the geology and ecology of the region.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Departments: 5. Disciplines: 17. Courses: 0. Building, energy, materials, biotechnology and technology in the service of people.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
Departments: 4. Disciplines: 16. Courses: 1. Medicine, nursing, public health and care, in the region and wherever Kurds live.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Departments: 3. Disciplines: 10. Courses: 0. Farming, herding, forests, food and water, and the rural livelihoods they support.
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Heritage Learner (teen)
Courses, in order: 5. Teens of the second and third generation
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Kurdish Teacher
Courses, in order: 3. Volunteer and professional teachers
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Community Organiser
Courses, in order: 5. Chapter and association volunteers
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
Newcomer Professional
Courses, in order: 4. Skilled newcomers
Source: KCO Academy structure Verified
06Craft geometry
How a pattern is constructed, step by step. An illustrative construction, computed. It is not a record of any object.
Keys: arrows move between stops, P plays or pauses, Escape ends the tour.
This scene needs JavaScript. The list and the table hold the same content.
List
- Weaving grid
- Warp runs one way and weft the other. One cell is one crossing.
- Stepped lozenge
- Each row moves the edge by one cell, so the diagonal is drawn in steps. Three lozenges nest inside each other.
Table
| Element | Count | Measure |
|---|---|---|
| Cell | 169 | 1 cell |
| Stepped lozenge | 3 | {n} cells |
The tour, stop by stop
Craft geometry
A stepped lozenge on a weaving grid. Each cell is one crossing of warp and weft. This drawing is a computed example.
Source: Geometric construction, computed (illustrative)
Weaving grid
Warp runs one way and weft the other. One cell is one crossing.
Source: Geometric construction, computed (illustrative)
Stepped lozenge
Each row moves the edge by one cell, so the diagonal is drawn in steps. Three lozenges nest inside each other.
Source: Geometric construction, computed (illustrative)
07The year
Community days and international days on one ring, each with its source.
Keys: arrows move between stops, P plays or pauses, Escape ends the tour.
This scene needs JavaScript. The list and the table hold the same content.
List
- Jan
- 4: World Braille Day
- 22: Republic of Mahabad
- 24: International Day of Education
- 26: End of the Kobanî siege
- 26: International Day of Clean Energy
- 27: International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
- 28: International Day of Peaceful Coexistence
- Feb
- 1: World Interfaith Harmony Week
- 2: World Wetlands Day
- 4: International Day of Human Fraternity
- 6: International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation
- 10: International Day of the Arabian Leopard
- 10: World Pulses Day
- 11: International Day of Women and Girls in Science
- 12: International Day for the Prevention of Violent Extremism as and when Conducive to Terrorism
- 13: World Radio Day
- 17: Global Tourism Resilience Day
- 20: World Day of Social Justice
- 21: International Mother Language Day
- Mar
- 1: World Seagrass Day
- 1: Zero Discrimination Day
- 3: World Wildlife Day
- 5: International Day for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Awareness
- 8: International Women’s Day
- 10: International Day of Women Judges
- 15: International Day to Combat Islamophobia
- 16: Halabja remembrance
- 20: Eid al-Fitr (Cejna Remezanê)
- 20: French Language Day
- 20: International Day of Happiness
- 21: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- 21: International Day of Forests
- 21: International Day of Nowruz
- 21: Newroz
- 21: World Day for Glaciers
- 21: World Down Syndrome Day
- 21: World Poetry Day
- 22: World Water Day
- 23: World Meteorological Day
- 24: International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims
- 24: World Tuberculosis Day
- 25: International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade
- 25: International Day of Solidarity with Detained and Missing Staff Members
- 30: International Day of Zero Waste
- Apr
- 2: World Autism Awareness Day
- 4: International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
- 5: International Day of Conscience
- 6: International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
- 7: International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda
- 7: World Health Day
- 12: International Day of Human Space Flight
- 14: Anfal remembrance
- 14: World Chagas Disease Day
- 15: Çarşema Sor (Red Wednesday)
- 15: International Wellness Day
- 20: Chinese Language Day
- 21: World Creativity and Innovation Day
- 22: International Mother Earth Day
- 22: Kurdish Journalism Day
- 23: English Language Day
- 23: International Girls in ICT Day
- 23: Spanish Language Day
- 23: World Book and Copyright Day
- 24: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace
- 24: World Immunization Week
- 25: International Delegate’s Day
- 25: World Malaria Day
- 26: International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day
- 26: World Intellectual Property Day
- 28: World Day for Safety and Health at Work
- 29: International Day in Memory of the Victims of Earthquakes
- 30: International Jazz Day
- May
- 2: World Tuna Day
- 3: World Press Freedom Day
- 5: World Portuguese Language Day
- 8: Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives During the Second World War
- 10: International Day of Argania
- 12: International Day of Plant Health
- 15: International Day of Families
- 15: Kurdish Language Day
- 16: International Day of Light
- 16: International Day of Living Together in Peace
- 17: World Telecommunication and Information Society Day
- 19: World Fair Play Day
- 20: World Bee Day
- 21: International Tea Day
- 21: World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
- 22: International Day for Biological Diversity
- 23: International Day to End Obstetric Fistula
- 24: International Day of the Markhor
- 25: Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories
- 25: World Football Day
- 27: Eid al-Adha (Cejna Qurbanê)
- 29: International Day of UN Peacekeepers
- 30: International Day of Potato
- 31: World No-Tobacco Day
- Jun
- 1: Global Day of Parents
- 3: World Bicycle Day
- 4: International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
- 5: International Day for the Fight against Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
- 5: World Environment Day
- 6: Russian Language Day
- 7: World Food Safety Day
- 8: World Oceans Day
- 10: International Day for Dialogue among Civilizations
- 11: International Day of Play
- 12: World Day Against Child Labour
- 13: International Albinism Awareness Day
- 14: World Blood Donor Day
- 15: World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
- 16: International Day of Family Remittances
- 17: World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
- 18: International Day for Countering Hate Speech
- 18: Sustainable Gastronomy Day
- 19: International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict
- 20: World Refugee Day
- 21: International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice
- 21: International Day of Yoga
- 23: International Widows’ Day
- 23: United Nations Public Service Day
- 24: International Day of Women in Diplomacy
- 25: Day of the Seafarer
- 26: International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
- 26: United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture
- 27: International Day of Deafblindness
- 27: Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day
- 29: International Day of the Tropics
- 30: International Asteroid Day
- 30: International Day of Parliamentarism
- Jul
- 5: International Day of Cooperatives
- 6: World Rural Development Day
- 7: World Kiswahili Language Day
- 11: International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica
- 11: World Horse Day
- 11: World Population Day
- 12: International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms
- 12: International Day of Hope
- 15: World Youth Skills Day
- 18: Nelson Mandela International Day
- 20: International Moon Day
- 20: World Chess Day
- 25: International Day for Judicial Well-being
- 25: International Day of Women and Girls of African Descent
- 25: World Drowning Prevention Day
- 28: World Hepatitis Day
- 30: International Day of Friendship
- 30: World Day against Trafficking in Persons
- Aug
- 1: World Breastfeeding Week
- 3: Yazidi genocide remembrance
- 6: International Day of Awareness of the Special Development Needs and Challenges of Landlocked Developing Countries
- 9: International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples
- 11: World Steelpan Day
- 12: International Youth Day
- 19: World Humanitarian Day
- 21: International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism
- 22: International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief
- 23: International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition
- 27: World Lake Day
- 29: International Day against Nuclear Tests
- 30: International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances
- 31: International Day for People of African Descent
- Sep
- 5: International Day of Charity
- 5: International Day of the World’s Indigenous Women and Girls
- 7: International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies
- 7: International Day of Police Cooperation
- 7: World Duchenne Awareness Day
- 8: International Literacy Day
- 9: International Day to Protect Education from Attack
- 12: United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation
- 15: International Day of Democracy
- 16: International Day for Interventional Cardiology
- 16: International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
- 16: International Day of Science, Technology and Innovation for the South
- 17: World Patient Safety Day
- 18: International Equal Pay Day
- 20: World Cleanup Day
- 21: International Day of Peace
- 23: International Day of Sign Languages
- 24: World Maritime Day
- 26: International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons
- 27: World Tourism Day
- 28: International Day for Universal Access to Information
- 29: International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste
- 30: International Translation Day
- Oct
- 1: International Coffee Day
- 1: International Day of Older Persons
- 2: International Day of Non-Violence
- 4: World Space Week
- 5: World Teachers’ Day
- 6: World Habitat Day
- 7: World Cotton Day
- 9: World Post Day
- 10: World Mental Health Day
- 11: International Day of the Girl Child
- 13: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction
- 15: International Day of Rural Women
- 16: World Food Day
- 17: International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
- 23: International Day of the Snow Leopard
- 24: Disarmament Week
- 24: Global Media and Information Literacy Week
- 24: United Nations Day
- 24: World Development Information Day
- 27: World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
- 29: International Day of Care and Support
- 31: World Cities Day
- Nov
- 2: International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists
- 5: World Tsunami Awareness Day
- 6: International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict
- 9: International Week of Science and Peace
- 10: World Science Day for Peace and Development
- 14: World Diabetes Day
- 15: International Day for the Prevention of and Fight against All Forms of Transnational Organized Crime
- 16: International Day for Tolerance
- 17: World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims
- 18: World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week
- 18: World Day for the Prevention of and Healing from Child Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Violence
- 19: World Toilet Day
- 20: Africa Industrialization Day
- 20: World Children’s Day
- 21: World Philosophy Day
- 21: World Television Day
- 24: World Conjoined Twins Day
- 25: International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
- 26: World Sustainable Transport Day
- 29: International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People
- 30: Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare
- Dec
- 1: World AIDS Day
- 2: International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
- 3: International Day of Persons with Disabilities
- 4: International Day Against Unilateral Coercive Measures
- 4: International Day of Banks
- 5: International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
- 5: World Soil Day
- 7: International Civil Aviation Day
- 9: International Anti-Corruption Day
- 9: International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of this Crime
- 10: Human Rights Day
- 11: International Mountain Day
- 12: International Day of Neutrality
- 12: International Universal Health Coverage Day
- 14: International Day against Colonialism in All its Forms and Manifestations
- 17: Kurdistan Flag Day
- 18: Arabic Language Day
- 18: International Migrants Day
- 20: International Human Solidarity Day
- 21: World Basketball Day
- 21: World Meditation Day
- 24: International Anti-Cybercrime Day
- 27: International Day of Epidemic Preparedness
Table
| Date | Day | Kind | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| January 4 | World Braille Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| January 22 | Republic of Mahabad | Remembrance | Brill: Mahābād, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (Secondary source) |
| January 24 | International Day of Education | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| January 26 | End of the Kobanî siege | Remembrance | To verify (To verify) |
| January 26 | International Day of Clean Energy | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| January 27 | International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| January 28 | International Day of Peaceful Coexistence | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 1 | World Interfaith Harmony Week | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 2 | World Wetlands Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 4 | International Day of Human Fraternity | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 6 | International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 10 | International Day of the Arabian Leopard | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 10 | World Pulses Day | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| February 11 | International Day of Women and Girls in Science | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 12 | International Day for the Prevention of Violent Extremism as and when Conducive to Terrorism | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 13 | World Radio Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 17 | Global Tourism Resilience Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 20 | World Day of Social Justice | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| February 21 | International Mother Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 1 | World Seagrass Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 1 | Zero Discrimination Day | UN | UNAIDS (Verified) |
| March 3 | World Wildlife Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 5 | International Day for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Awareness | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 8 | International Women’s Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 10 | International Day of Women Judges | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 15 | International Day to Combat Islamophobia | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 16 | Halabja remembrance | Remembrance | To verify (To verify) |
| March 20 | Eid al-Fitr (Cejna Remezanê) | Religious | Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): ʿID-E FEṬR, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (Secondary source) |
| March 20 | French Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 20 | International Day of Happiness | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 21 | International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 21 | International Day of Forests | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| March 21 | International Day of Nowruz | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 21 | Newroz | Festival | United Nations: International Day of Nowruz, 21 March (Verified) |
| March 21 | World Day for Glaciers | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 21 | World Down Syndrome Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 21 | World Poetry Day | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| March 22 | World Water Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 23 | World Meteorological Day | UN | WMO (Verified) |
| March 24 | International Day for the Right to the Truth concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 24 | World Tuberculosis Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| March 25 | International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 25 | International Day of Solidarity with Detained and Missing Staff Members | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| March 30 | International Day of Zero Waste | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 2 | World Autism Awareness Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 4 | International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 5 | International Day of Conscience | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 6 | International Day of Sport for Development and Peace | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 7 | International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 7 | World Health Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| April 12 | International Day of Human Space Flight | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 14 | Anfal remembrance | Remembrance | Human Rights Watch, in Human Rights Documents Online (Brill): Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Middle East Watch, 1993) (Secondary source) |
| April 14 | World Chagas Disease Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| April 15 | Çarşema Sor (Red Wednesday) | Religious | Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): YAZIDIS i. GENERAL, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (Secondary source) |
| April 15 | International Wellness Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 20 | Chinese Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 21 | World Creativity and Innovation Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 22 | International Mother Earth Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 22 | Kurdish Journalism Day | Civic | To verify (To verify) |
| April 23 | English Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 23 | International Girls in ICT Day | UN | ITU (Verified) |
| April 23 | Spanish Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 23 | World Book and Copyright Day | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| April 24 | International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 24 | World Immunization Week | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| April 25 | International Delegate’s Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 25 | World Malaria Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| April 26 | International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 26 | World Intellectual Property Day | UN | WIPO (Verified) |
| April 28 | World Day for Safety and Health at Work | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 29 | International Day in Memory of the Victims of Earthquakes | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| April 30 | International Jazz Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 2 | World Tuna Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 3 | World Press Freedom Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 5 | World Portuguese Language Day | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| May 8 | Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their Lives During the Second World War | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 10 | International Day of Argania | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 12 | International Day of Plant Health | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| May 15 | International Day of Families | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 15 | Kurdish Language Day | Cultural | Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): KURDISH WRITTEN LITERATURE, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (Secondary source) |
| May 16 | International Day of Light | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| May 16 | International Day of Living Together in Peace | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 17 | World Telecommunication and Information Society Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 19 | World Fair Play Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 20 | World Bee Day | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| May 21 | International Tea Day | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| May 21 | World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 22 | International Day for Biological Diversity | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 23 | International Day to End Obstetric Fistula | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 24 | International Day of the Markhor | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 25 | Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 25 | World Football Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 27 | Eid al-Adha (Cejna Qurbanê) | Religious | Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): ʿID-E QORBĀN, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online (Secondary source) |
| May 29 | International Day of UN Peacekeepers | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| May 30 | International Day of Potato | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| May 31 | World No-Tobacco Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| June 1 | Global Day of Parents | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 3 | World Bicycle Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 4 | International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 5 | International Day for the Fight against Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 5 | World Environment Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 6 | Russian Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 7 | World Food Safety Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 8 | World Oceans Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 10 | International Day for Dialogue among Civilizations | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 11 | International Day of Play | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 12 | World Day Against Child Labour | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 13 | International Albinism Awareness Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 14 | World Blood Donor Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| June 15 | World Elder Abuse Awareness Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 16 | International Day of Family Remittances | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 17 | World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 18 | International Day for Countering Hate Speech | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 18 | Sustainable Gastronomy Day | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| June 19 | International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 20 | World Refugee Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 21 | International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 21 | International Day of Yoga | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 23 | International Widows’ Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 23 | United Nations Public Service Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 24 | International Day of Women in Diplomacy | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 25 | Day of the Seafarer | UN | IMO (Verified) |
| June 26 | International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 26 | United Nations International Day in Support of Victims of Torture | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 27 | International Day of Deafblindness | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 27 | Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 29 | International Day of the Tropics | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 30 | International Asteroid Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| June 30 | International Day of Parliamentarism | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 5 | International Day of Cooperatives | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 6 | World Rural Development Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 7 | World Kiswahili Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 11 | International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 11 | World Horse Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 11 | World Population Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 12 | International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 12 | International Day of Hope | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 15 | World Youth Skills Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 18 | Nelson Mandela International Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 20 | International Moon Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 20 | World Chess Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 25 | International Day for Judicial Well-being | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 25 | International Day of Women and Girls of African Descent | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 25 | World Drowning Prevention Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 28 | World Hepatitis Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| July 30 | International Day of Friendship | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| July 30 | World Day against Trafficking in Persons | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 1 | World Breastfeeding Week | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| August 3 | Yazidi genocide remembrance | Remembrance | Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, UN Human Rights Council: "They came to destroy": ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis (A/HRC/32/CRP.2, 2016) (Verified) |
| August 6 | International Day of Awareness of the Special Development Needs and Challenges of Landlocked Developing Countries | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 9 | International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 11 | World Steelpan Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 12 | International Youth Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 19 | World Humanitarian Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 21 | International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 22 | International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 23 | International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and Its Abolition | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| August 27 | World Lake Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 29 | International Day against Nuclear Tests | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 30 | International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| August 31 | International Day for People of African Descent | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 5 | International Day of Charity | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 5 | International Day of the World’s Indigenous Women and Girls | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 7 | International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies | UN | UNEP (Verified) |
| September 7 | International Day of Police Cooperation | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 7 | World Duchenne Awareness Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 8 | International Literacy Day | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| September 9 | International Day to Protect Education from Attack | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 12 | United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 15 | International Day of Democracy | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 16 | International Day for Interventional Cardiology | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 16 | International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 16 | International Day of Science, Technology and Innovation for the South | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 17 | World Patient Safety Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| September 18 | International Equal Pay Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 20 | World Cleanup Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 21 | International Day of Peace | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 23 | International Day of Sign Languages | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 24 | World Maritime Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 26 | International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 27 | World Tourism Day | UN | UN Tourism (Verified) |
| September 28 | International Day for Universal Access to Information | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| September 29 | International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| September 30 | International Translation Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 1 | International Coffee Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 1 | International Day of Older Persons | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 2 | International Day of Non-Violence | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 4 | World Space Week | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 5 | World Teachers’ Day | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| October 6 | World Habitat Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 7 | World Cotton Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 9 | World Post Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 10 | World Mental Health Day | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| October 11 | International Day of the Girl Child | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 13 | International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 15 | International Day of Rural Women | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 16 | World Food Day | UN | FAO (Verified) |
| October 17 | International Day for the Eradication of Poverty | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 23 | International Day of the Snow Leopard | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 24 | Disarmament Week | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 24 | Global Media and Information Literacy Week | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 24 | United Nations Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 24 | World Development Information Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 27 | World Day for Audiovisual Heritage | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| October 29 | International Day of Care and Support | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| October 31 | World Cities Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 2 | International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 5 | World Tsunami Awareness Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 6 | International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 9 | International Week of Science and Peace | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 10 | World Science Day for Peace and Development | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 14 | World Diabetes Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 15 | International Day for the Prevention of and Fight against All Forms of Transnational Organized Crime | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 16 | International Day for Tolerance | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| November 17 | World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 18 | World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week | UN | WHO (Verified) |
| November 18 | World Day for the Prevention of and Healing from Child Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Violence | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 19 | World Toilet Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 20 | Africa Industrialization Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 20 | World Children’s Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 21 | World Philosophy Day | UN | UNESCO (Verified) |
| November 21 | World Television Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 24 | World Conjoined Twins Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 25 | International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 26 | World Sustainable Transport Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 29 | International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| November 30 | Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 1 | World AIDS Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 2 | International Day for the Abolition of Slavery | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 3 | International Day of Persons with Disabilities | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 4 | International Day Against Unilateral Coercive Measures | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 4 | International Day of Banks | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 5 | International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 5 | World Soil Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 7 | International Civil Aviation Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 9 | International Anti-Corruption Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 9 | International Day of Commemoration and Dignity of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide and of the Prevention of this Crime | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 10 | Human Rights Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 11 | International Mountain Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 12 | International Day of Neutrality | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 12 | International Universal Health Coverage Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 14 | International Day against Colonialism in All its Forms and Manifestations | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 17 | Kurdistan Flag Day | Civic | To verify (To verify) |
| December 18 | Arabic Language Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 18 | International Migrants Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 20 | International Human Solidarity Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 21 | World Basketball Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 21 | World Meditation Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 24 | International Anti-Cybercrime Day | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
| December 27 | International Day of Epidemic Preparedness | UN | United Nations (Verified) |
The tour, stop by stop
The year 2026
Community days and international days on one ring, each with its source.
Source: List of International Days and Weeks Verified
Republic of Mahabad
January 22. Proclamation of the Republic of Mahabad, 1946.
Source: Brill: Mahābād, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition Secondary source
End of the Kobanî siege
January 26. End of the siege of Kobanî, 2015.
Source: To verify To verify
Halabja remembrance
March 16. Chemical weapons attack on Halabja, 16 March 1988.
Source: To verify To verify
Eid al-Fitr (Cejna Remezanê)
March 20. End of the fast of Ramadan.
Source: Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): ʿID-E FEṬR, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Secondary source
Newroz
March 21. Kurdish new year and national day: the legend of Kawa the blacksmith and hillside bonfires.
Source: United Nations: International Day of Nowruz, 21 March Verified
Anfal remembrance
April 14. Remembrance of the Anfal campaign, observed in the Kurdistan Region.
Source: Human Rights Watch, in Human Rights Documents Online (Brill): Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (Middle East Watch, 1993) Secondary source
Çarşema Sor (Red Wednesday)
April 15. Yazidi new year.
Source: Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): YAZIDIS i. GENERAL, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Secondary source
Kurdish Journalism Day
April 22. Anniversary of the first Kurdish newspaper, Kurdistan, Cairo, 1898.
Source: To verify To verify
Kurdish Language Day
May 15. Anniversary of the journal Hawar, 1932.
Source: Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): KURDISH WRITTEN LITERATURE, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Secondary source
Eid al-Adha (Cejna Qurbanê)
May 27. Feast of the Sacrifice at the close of the Hajj.
Source: Encyclopaedia Iranica (Brill): ʿID-E QORBĀN, Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Secondary source
Yazidi genocide remembrance
August 3. Attack on Shingal (Sinjar) by ISIL, 3 August 2014; found a genocide by the United Nations Commission of Inquiry (2016).
Kurdistan Flag Day
December 17. Observed in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Source: To verify To verify
08Stories
Longer stories told in the same drawings, chapter by chapter, with a Play button.