KCOkurds.globalKCOLanguage
Search
Account
LanguagesEnglish18

Script

Persian alphabet

32 letters. Short vowels are not written in ordinary text.

Tools

Letters
32
ISO 15924
Arab
Direction
Right to left
Languages here
1

01Alphabet chart

Letters: Unicode CLDR exemplar characters for fa.

  1. اā / not written
  2. بb
  3. پp
  4. تt
  5. ثs
  6. جj
  7. چch
  8. حḥ
  9. خkh
  10. دd
  11. ذz
  12. رr
  13. زz
  14. ژzh
  15. سs
  16. شsh
  17. صṣ
  18. ضz̤
  19. طṭ
  20. ظẓ
  21. ع‘
  22. غgh
  23. فf
  24. قq
  25. کk
  26. گg
  27. لl
  28. مm
  29. نn
  30. وv / ū / aw
  31. هh
  32. یy / ī / ay
Show as a table
LetterCode pointUnicode nameRomanisationSound (IPA)
اU+0627arabic letter alefā / not writtenɒː, ʔ
بU+0628arabic letter behbb
پU+067Earabic letter pehpp
تU+062Aarabic letter tehtt
ثU+062Barabic letter thehss
جU+062Carabic letter jeemjd͡ʒ
چU+0686arabic letter tchehcht͡ʃ
حU+062Darabic letter hahḥh
خU+062Earabic letter khahkhx
دU+062Farabic letter daldd
ذU+0630arabic letter thalzz
رU+0631arabic letter rehrɾ
زU+0632arabic letter zainzz
ژU+0698arabic letter jehzhʒ
سU+0633arabic letter seenss
شU+0634arabic letter sheenshʃ
صU+0635arabic letter sadṣs
ضU+0636arabic letter dadz̤z
طU+0637arabic letter tahṭt
ظU+0638arabic letter zahẓz
عU+0639arabic letter ain‘ʔ
غU+063Aarabic letter ghainghɣ, ɢ
فU+0641arabic letter fehff
قU+0642arabic letter qafqɢ, ɣ
کU+06A9arabic letter kehehkk
گU+06AFarabic letter gafgɡ
لU+0644arabic letter lamll
مU+0645arabic letter meemmm
نU+0646arabic letter noonnn
وU+0648arabic letter wawv / ū / awv, uː, ow
هU+0647arabic letter hehhh
یU+06CCarabic letter farsi yehy / ī / ayj, iː, ej
آU+0622arabic letter alef with madda aboveāɒː
ءU+0621arabic letter hamzaʼʔ
ZWNJU+200Czero width non-joiner
  • 32 letters. Short vowels are not written in ordinary text.
  • Persian uses its own digit shapes (CLDR numbering system arabext), different from Arabic digits for 4, 5 and 6.
  • Nasta’liq is the traditional calligraphic style; Naskh is the usual print style.

Sources Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified

02Transliteration

Persian to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)

زبان فارسی

zbān fārsī

Letter by letter. Short vowels are not written in Persian, so a full romanisation needs them supplied from a dictionary. و and ی are read as consonants at the start of a word or beside a vowel letter, otherwise as long vowels.

Nothing you type leaves your browser. A teaching aid: check any text against the standard before you use it.

Persian to Latin, ALA-LC (2012)
LetterBecomes
بb
پp
تt
ثs
جj
چch
حḥ
خkh
دd
ذz
رr
زz
ژzh
سs
شsh
صṣ
ضz̤
طṭ
ظẓ
ع‘
غgh
فf
قq
کk
كk
گg
لl
مm
نn
هh
ةt
آā
ءʼ
أnot written
ؤnot written
ئʼ

Sources Library of Congress. ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Persian, 2012 version. (2012) Verified

03Numerals

Western digits latn
2026
Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits arabext
۲۰۲۶

Digits from Unicode CLDR numbering systems. Persian digits differ from Arabic digits in the shapes of 4, 5 and 6.

Show as a table
Digits0123456789
Western digits0123456789
Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹

04Punctuation

، ؛ ؟ « » ٫ ٬

05Standards

ISO 15924
Arab
Unicode blocks
Arabic (U+0600 to U+06FF), Arabic Supplement (U+0750 to U+077F), Arabic Presentation Forms-A and -B
Unicode CLDR locale
fa
Digits
Extended Arabic-Indic (Persian) digits (arabext)
Joining
Letters join their neighbours and change shape by position.

Sources ISO 15924 codes for the representation of names of scripts. Unicode Consortium, registration authority. (2025) Verified; The Unicode Standard, version 18.0.0: Unicode Character Database. (2026) Verified; Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR), version 49 data. (2026) Verified

06Languages written in it

  • لەکیLaki

    Lorestan, Ilam and Kermanshah; its classification is debated

Cite this page
APA

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). Persian alphabet. kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/scripts/persian/

Chicago

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. “Persian Alphabet.” kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/scripts/persian/.

BibTeX
@misc{kco2026_language_scripts_persian,
	author = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Persian alphabet},
	url = {https://kurds.global/language/scripts/persian/},
	howpublished = {https://kurds.global/language/scripts/persian/},
}

Download .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - kco2026_language_scr
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Persian alphabet
UR  - https://kurds.global/language/scripts/persian/
ER  -

Download .ris

Licence CC BY 4.0

07Research and sources

Recent and relevant work on this page’s subject, from approved open scholarly sources. Metadata and links only. Titles stay as published. Not yet reviewed.

  1. Transliterating Kurdish texts in Latin into Persian-Arabic script

    Hossein Hassani · 2021 · arXiv

    PreprintDataCitearXivOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  2. Synthetic Data-Driven Transformer OCR for Kurdish Sorani via Dynamic Line Generation and Script-Aware Normalization

    Hawraz A. Ahmad · 2026 · Algorithms

    ArticleCrossrefDOAJOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  3. KSTRV1: A scene text recognition dataset for central Kurdish in (Arabic-Based) script

    Sardar Omar Salih, Karwan Jacksi · 2025 · Data in Brief

    ArticleCrossrefEurope PMCOpenAIREOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  4. Exploiting Script Similarities to Compensate for the Large Amount of Data in Training Tesseract LSTM: Towards Kurdish OCR

    Saman Idrees, Hossein Hassani · 2021 · Applied Sciences

    ArticleCrossrefDOAJOpen accessCC-BY-4.0

  5. The Effect of Model Capacity and Script Diversity on Subword Tokenization for Sorani Kurdish

    Ali Salehi, Cassandra L. Jacobs · 2024 · Proceedings of the 21st SIGMORPHON workshop on Computational Research in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology

    ArticleCrossrefDataCiteOpenAIRE

  6. Comparison Study of Kurdish Language Alphabet to the Kurdistan Newspaper and the Current Form of Kurdish Language

    Unknown Author · 2025 · Journal of Raparin University

    ArticleCrossref

  7. Solving the Issues of Kurdish Orthography according to Linguistics the issues of the syllable level as an example

    2025 · Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal

    ArticleCrossref

  8. Measuring Unadapted ASR on Garrusi Kurdish: Common-Reference Scoring Across Orthographic Representations

    Asadpour H · 2026 · Preprints.org

    PreprintEurope PMC

  9. Kurdish- Arabic Text in Computer with Non-Standards, Challenges and Recommendations

    Sardar O. Salih · 2020 · Academic Journal of Nawroz University

    ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

  10. Computational linguistics and its role in the Kurdish language Orthography and voice as a model

    Gulstan Muhammad Raheem, Dara Hamid Muhammad · 2024 · JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES

    ArticleCrossref

  11. Using Punkt for Sentence Segmentation in non-Latin Scripts: Experiments on Kurdish (Sorani) Texts

    Roshna Omer Abdulrahman, Hossein Hassani · 2020 · arXiv

    PreprintarXivOpen access

  12. Extend an Algorithm of Auto-converting Kurdish Written Scripts in Websites: from Latin Characters to Kurdish/Arabic Characters and Vice Versa

    Sardar Salih · 2018 · Academic Journal of Nawroz University

    ArticleOpenAIREOpen access

Sources, licences and fetch dates: arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23.

Privacy choices