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语言学

古拉尼语／哈乌拉米语：语言学

古拉尼语／哈乌拉米语的语音、发音、语法和核心词汇。

هەورامی

01发音

每个字母及其常见发音。

库尔德阿拉伯字母

字母罗马字母转写读音（IPA）录音
ئnot written (vowel seat)ʔ等待许可审查
اaaː等待许可审查
بbb等待许可审查
پpp等待许可审查
تtt等待许可审查
جcd͡ʒ等待许可审查
چçt͡ʃ等待许可审查
حḧħ等待许可审查
خxx等待许可审查
دdd等待许可审查
رrɾ等待许可审查
زzz等待许可审查
ڕr̄r等待许可审查
ژjʒ等待许可审查
سss等待许可审查
شşʃ等待许可审查
ع‘ʕ等待许可审查
غẍɣ等待许可审查
فff等待许可审查
ڤvv等待许可审查
قqq等待许可审查
کkk等待许可审查
گgɡ等待许可审查
لll等待许可审查
ڵłɫ等待许可审查
مmm等待许可审查
نnn等待许可审查
هhh等待许可审查
ەeɛ等待许可审查
وw / uw, ʊ等待许可审查
ۆooː等待许可审查
یy / îj, iː等待许可审查
ێêeː等待许可审查
ووûuː等待许可审查

音值是标准语的教学参考，标注为待核实。各方言有所不同。 待核实

来源 Wikimedia Commons: pronunciation recordings, each under its own open licence. (2026) 待核实

02核心词汇对照

该地区各语言的十个日常词语。

含义波斯语库尔曼吉语索拉尼语扎扎语俾路支语阿塞拜疆语亚美尼亚语
水آبābavئاوawaweāpsuջուրjur
面包نانnānnanنانnannannānçörəkհացhatsʻ
母亲مادرmādardêدایکdaykmayemātanaմայրmayr
父亲پدرpedarbavباوکbawkpîpitataհայրhayr
房子خانهkhānemalماڵmałkeyelōgevտունtun
夜晚شبshabşevشەوşewşeweshapgecəգիշերgisher
二دوdoduدووdûdidoikiերկուerku
三سهsesêسێsêhîrêsēüçերեքerekʻ
眼睛چشمcheshmçavچاوçawçimchammgözաչքachkʻ
名字نامnāmnavناوnawnamenāmadանունanun

波斯语、库尔德语、扎扎其语和俾路支语是伊朗语族语言，许多核心词彼此相关。阿塞拜疆语属突厥语族，亚美尼亚语是印欧语系中独立的一支，因此它们的词汇不同。 待核实

来源 Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. (1892) 已核实; Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003) 待核实; Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966) 待核实; Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998) 待核实; Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009) 待核实; Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998) 待核实; Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009) 待核实

03来源

  1. Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. 1892

    已核实 公有领域。数字版在 2026-10-23 可访问。

  2. Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. 2003

    待核实

  3. Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1966

    待核实

  4. Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. 1998

    待核实

  5. Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. 2009

    待核实

  6. Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. 1998

    待核实

  7. Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. 2009

    待核实

引用本页
APA

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). Gorani / Hawrami: Linguistics. kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/languages/hac/linguistics/

Chicago

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. “Gorani / Hawrami: Linguistics.” kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/languages/hac/linguistics/.

BibTeX
@misc{kco2026_language_languages_hac_linguistics,
	author = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Gorani / {Hawrami}: Linguistics},
	url = {https://kurds.global/language/languages/hac/linguistics/},
	howpublished = {https://kurds.global/language/languages/hac/linguistics/},
}

下载 .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - kco2026_language_lan
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Gorani / Hawrami: Linguistics
UR  - https://kurds.global/language/languages/hac/linguistics/
ER  -

下载 .ris

许可 CC BY 4.0

04研究与来源

关于本页主题的近期相关研究，来自已批准的开放学术来源。仅含元数据和链接。标题保持发表时的原样。尚未审核。

  1. Gorani: A Distinct and Independent Language Not a Variety of the So-called Kurdish

    Sayyed Mahdi Sadjadi · 2023 · International Journal of Language & Linguistics

    文章OpenAlexCrossref开放获取CC-BY

  2. Can Linguistic Distance help Language Classification? Assessing Hawrami-Zaza and Kurmanji-Sorani

    Hossein Hassani · 2021 · arXiv

    预印本DataCitearXiv开放获取CC-BY-4.0

  3. Shifting from endangerment to rebirth in the Artificial Intelligence Age: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Hawrami Text Classification

    Aram Khaksar, Hossein Hassani · 2024 · arXiv

    预印本DataCitearXiv开放获取CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0

  4. The Ezafe in Hawrami

    Sable Andrew Peters, Zaniar Naghshbandi, Arwin Rasouli · 2023 · Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics

    文章OpenAlexCrossref开放获取CC-BY

  5. An Autosomal STR panel for population, forensic, and clinical genetics, integrated with CODIS-based analysis of the Iraqi Hawrami ethnic minority.

    Albarzinji BM, Mohammad AK, Ismael B et al. · 2026 · Leg Med (Tokyo)

    文章Europe PMC

  6. The Productivity of Affixes of Words Derived from Bases in Hawrami Dialect

    2020 · Twejer

    文章OpenAIRE开放获取

  7. 2 Examining the structural differences and similarities between literary Gorani and Hawrami through the lens of diglossia

    Saeed Karami, Saloumeh Gholami · 2024 · De Gruyter eBooks

    分会OpenAlex开放获取CC-BY-NC-ND

  8. The noun phrase in Hawrami

    Jan Holmberg, D Odden · 2026 · Newcastle University

    分会DataCiteCopyrighted

  9. The Study of Social Factors’ Role in Phonological and Lexical Variations in Hawrami (Paveh Dialect) based on Variationist Sociolinguistics

    Nadya Safiei, Ebrahim Badakhshan, Masood Dehghan et al. · 2022 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

    文章DOAJ开放获取

  10. Genetic polymorphism between the Sorani and Hawrami kurdish populations and COVID-19 outcome

    Peshnyar M.A. Rashid, Gaza F. Salih · 2023 · Molecular Biology Reports

    文章OpenAIRE开放获取

  11. Investigating Three Morphemes “-ænæ”, “-æwæ” and “-æɾæ” in Hawrami: Postposition or Case Marker

    Fateme Yousefirad, بیستون عباسی · 2015 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

    文章DOAJ开放获取

  12. The Gorani language of Zarda, a village of West Iran

    Parvin Mahmoudveysi, Denise Bailey · 2013 · Reichert Verlag eBooks

    图书OpenAlexCrossref开放获取

来源、许可和获取日期： arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23.

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