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语言学

库尔曼吉语（北库尔德语）：语言学

库尔曼吉语（北库尔德语）的语音、发音、语法和核心词汇。

Kurmancî

01语音

该语言的音位，来自一份已发表的描述。

等待许可审查

本节将显示库尔曼吉语（北部库尔德语）的辅音表和元音表，来自 PHOIBLE 2.0，音位清单 Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) (EA 2484)，依据 Thackston 2006。PHOIBLE 采用 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可，所有者批准该来源后，表格才会出现。

02发音

每个字母及其常见发音。

库尔德拉丁字母（哈瓦尔）

字母罗马字母转写读音（IPA）录音
aaaː等待许可审查
bbb等待许可审查
ccd͡ʒ等待许可审查
ççt͡ʃ等待许可审查
ddd等待许可审查
eeɛ等待许可审查
êêeː等待许可审查
fff等待许可审查
ggɡ等待许可审查
hhh等待许可审查
iiɨ等待许可审查
îîiː等待许可审查
jjʒ等待许可审查
kkk等待许可审查
lll等待许可审查
mmm等待许可审查
nnn等待许可审查
oooː等待许可审查
ppp等待许可审查
qqq等待许可审查
rrɾ, r等待许可审查
sss等待许可审查
şşʃ等待许可审查
ttt等待许可审查
uuʊ等待许可审查
ûûuː等待许可审查
vvv等待许可审查
www等待许可审查
xxx等待许可审查
yyj等待许可审查
zzz等待许可审查

库尔德阿拉伯字母

字母罗马字母转写读音（IPA）录音
ئnot written (vowel seat)ʔ等待许可审查
اaaː等待许可审查
بbb等待许可审查
پpp等待许可审查
تtt等待许可审查
جcd͡ʒ等待许可审查
چçt͡ʃ等待许可审查
حḧħ等待许可审查
خxx等待许可审查
دdd等待许可审查
رrɾ等待许可审查
زzz等待许可审查
ڕr̄r等待许可审查
ژjʒ等待许可审查
سss等待许可审查
شşʃ等待许可审查
ع‘ʕ等待许可审查
غẍɣ等待许可审查
فff等待许可审查
ڤvv等待许可审查
قqq等待许可审查
کkk等待许可审查
گgɡ等待许可审查
لll等待许可审查
ڵłɫ等待许可审查
مmm等待许可审查
نnn等待许可审查
هhh等待许可审查
ەeɛ等待许可审查
وw / uw, ʊ等待许可审查
ۆooː等待许可审查
یy / îj, iː等待许可审查
ێêeː等待许可审查
ووûuː等待许可审查

音值是标准语的教学参考，标注为待核实。各方言有所不同。 待核实

来源 Wikimedia Commons: pronunciation recordings, each under its own open licence. (2026) 待核实

03语法一览

  • 语序通常为主语、宾语、动词。
  • 名词有阳性和阴性两种性，体现在斜格和埃扎菲（ezafe）上。
  • 名词和代词有直接格和斜格。
  • 及物动词的过去时是作格式的：主语用斜格，动词与宾语一致。
  • 伊扎菲（-ê、-a、-ên）把名词与描述它的词连接起来。
  • 前置词常与后置词搭配，如 di … de。

待核实

来源 Thackston. Kurmanji Kurdish: A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings. (2006) 待核实; Haig and Öpengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). (2014) 待核实

04核心词汇对照

该地区各语言的十个日常词语。

含义波斯语库尔曼吉语索拉尼语扎扎语俾路支语阿塞拜疆语亚美尼亚语
水آبābavئاوawaweāpsuջուրjur
面包نانnānnanنانnannannānçörəkհացhatsʻ
母亲مادرmādardêدایکdaykmayemātanaմայրmayr
父亲پدرpedarbavباوکbawkpîpitataհայրhayr
房子خانهkhānemalماڵmałkeyelōgevտունtun
夜晚شبshabşevشەوşewşeweshapgecəգիշերgisher
二دوdoduدووdûdidoikiերկուerku
三سهsesêسێsêhîrêsēüçերեքerekʻ
眼睛چشمcheshmçavچاوçawçimchammgözաչքachkʻ
名字نامnāmnavناوnawnamenāmadանունanun

波斯语、库尔德语、扎扎其语和俾路支语是伊朗语族语言，许多核心词彼此相关。阿塞拜疆语属突厥语族，亚美尼亚语是印欧语系中独立的一支，因此它们的词汇不同。 待核实

来源 Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. (1892) 已核实; Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. (2003) 待核实; Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. (1966) 待核实; Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. (1998) 待核实; Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. (2009) 待核实; Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. (1998) 待核实; Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. (2009) 待核实

05来源

  1. Moran and McCloy (eds.). PHOIBLE 2.0. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2019

    已核实 CC BY-SA 3.0 音位清单，各自来自其所标明的已发表来源，2026-10-23 读取。

  2. Thackston. Kurmanji Kurdish: A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings. 2006

    待核实

  3. Haig and Öpengin. Kurdish: A critical research overview. Kurdish Studies 2 (2). 2014

    待核实

  4. Steingass. A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary. Routledge and K. Paul. Digital edition: Digital Dictionaries of South Asia, University of Chicago. 1892

    已核实 公有领域。数字版在 2026-10-23 可访问。

  5. Chyet. Kurdish-English Dictionary. Yale University Press. 2003

    待核实

  6. Wahby and Edmonds. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press. 1966

    待核实

  7. Paul. Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. Reichert. 1998

    待核实

  8. Jahani and Korn. Balochi. In Windfuhr (ed.), The Iranian Languages. 2009

    待核实

  9. Johanson and Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. Routledge. 1998

    待核实

  10. Dum-Tragut. Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian. John Benjamins. 2009

    待核实

引用本页
APA

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. (2026). Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish): Linguistics. kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/languages/kmr-latn/linguistics/

Chicago

The Kurdish Cooperation Organization. 2026. “Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish): Linguistics.” kurds.global. https://kurds.global/language/languages/kmr-latn/linguistics/.

BibTeX
@misc{kco2026_language_languages_kmr_latn_linguistics,
	author = {{The Kurdish Cooperation Organization}},
	year = {2026},
	note = {Licence: CC BY 4.0},
	title = {Kurmanji ({Northern} {Kurdish}): Linguistics},
	url = {https://kurds.global/language/languages/kmr-latn/linguistics/},
	howpublished = {https://kurds.global/language/languages/kmr-latn/linguistics/},
}

下载 .bib

RIS
TY  - ELEC
AU  - The Kurdish Cooperation Organization
DA  - 2026///
PY  - 2026
ID  - kco2026_language_lan
N1  - Licence: CC BY 4.0
TI  - Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish): Linguistics
UR  - https://kurds.global/language/languages/kmr-latn/linguistics/
ER  -

下载 .ris

许可 CC BY 4.0

06研究与来源

关于本页主题的近期相关研究，来自已批准的开放学术来源。仅含元数据和链接。标题保持发表时的原样。尚未审核。

  1. Multi-CAST Northern Kurdish

    Geoffrey Haig, Maria Vollmer, Hanna Thiele · 2025 · Zenodo

    数据集DataCiteZenodo开放获取CC-BY-4.0

  2. Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) DoReCo dataset

    Geoff Haig, Hanna Thiele, Maria Vollmer · 2024 · NAKALA – https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num – CNRS)

    数据集DataCite开放获取CC-BY-4.0

  3. FLEURS-Kobani: Extending the FLEURS Dataset for Northern Kurdish

    Daban Q. Jaff, Mohammad Mohammadamini · 2026 · arXiv

    预印本arXiv开放获取

  4. Percentage of Consonants Correct for 3-5 Years Old Kurdish-Speaking Children With Middle Kurmanji-Mukryani Dialect

    Shahla Fatemi Syadar, Talieh Zarifian, Yahya Modarresi et al. · 2018 · Iranian Rehabilitation Journal

    文章DOAJ开放获取

  5. Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) DoReCo audiofiles

    Geoff Haig, Hanna Thiele, Maria Vollmer · 2024 · NAKALA – https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num – CNRS)

    其他DataCite开放获取CC-BY-4.0

  6. A Phonological Comparison of Khorasan and Northern Kurmanji

    2024 · Kurdiname

    文章OpenAIRE开放获取

  7. Northern Kurdish Of Khizava Text 7: §1-19

    Masoud Mohammadirad · 2022 · Neo-Aramaic and Kurdish Folklore from Northern Iraq

    分会CrossrefCC-BY-NC-4.0

  8. Advancing Low-Resource Speech Recognition: A Comprehensive Study of Fine-Tuning Strategies for Northern Kurdish using Whisper Transformers

    Abdulla A, Tabibian S, Veisi H et al. · 2026 · Research Square

    预印本Europe PMC

  9. Dasinya: A dataset and preprocessing pipeline for the Badini Kurdish dialect.

    Saeed VA, Jacksi K · 2026 · Data Brief

    文章Europe PMC开放获取

  10. End-to-End Transformer-based Automatic Speech Recognition for Northern Kurdish: A Pioneering Approach

    Abdulhady Abas Abdullah, Shima Tabibian, Hadi Veisi et al. · 2024 · arXiv

    预印本arXiv开放获取

  11. 2.3. Northern Kurdish (Kurmanjî)

    Geoffrey L.J. Haig · 2018 · De Gruyter eBooks

    分会OpenAlex

  12. An Ecolinguistics Analysis on Lexicalization of Domestic Animals in Kurmanji Kurdish

    Elham Mizban, Shahla Sharifi, Atiyeh Kamyabi Gol · 2022 · مطالعات زبان‌‌ها و گویش‌های غرب ایران

    文章DOAJ开放获取

来源、许可和获取日期： arXiv (Metadata CC0 1.0; papers under their own licences), 2026-10-23; Crossref (Metadata facts, any use; abstracts may be publisher-owned and are never shown), 2026-10-23; DataCite (CC0 1.0 (DataCite metadata)), 2026-10-23; DOAJ (Metadata CC0 1.0 (DOAJ); articles under their own open licences), 2026-10-23; Europe PMC (Metadata reusable; full text under each article’s licence), 2026-10-23; OpenAIRE (CC BY 4.0 (OpenAIRE Graph)), 2026-10-23; OpenAlex (CC0-1.0 data; metered API (free key)), 2026-10-23; Zenodo (Metadata CC0 1.0; each record under its own licence), 2026-10-23.

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